At the initiative of the UN General Assembly, World Bicycle Day was approved in April 2018. It was decided to celebrate it annually on June 3. More than fifty states acted as co-sponsors of the relevant resolution. According to the adopted document, governments are recommended to promote the use of bicycles as a means of physical education, disease prevention and social integration. It is interesting that this type of transport is considered as one of the tools for forming a positive picture of the world. The main reason for the increasing popularity of the bicycle is that this type of transport is environmentally friendly. Ease of use and relatively low cost also contribute to its popularity. More and more European countries are using bicycles as their main mode of transport. In modern cities, special attention is paid to the development of a network of bicycle paths and related infrastructure. The patent for the bicycle was received at the beginning of the 19th century by the German inventor Karl von Dres, and at the end of the same century the first bicycle race was held in France. The first bicycles had wooden frames; later aluminum was used in their production. Over the entire history of its existence, the bicycle has undergone various modifications: its wheels were enlarged and reduced, it became a tandem, it was adapted for children and people with disabilities. At the end of the 20th century, a bicycle computer was invented that recorded the speed and mileage of the device. The bicycle is a symbol not only of a healthy lifestyle and concern for the environment, but also of the emancipation of women. With its help, representatives of the fairer sex acquired mobility and independence. Society has developed a loyal attitude towards the clothing of female cyclists, which has become looser. According to an already established tradition, on June 3, thematic bike rides, flash mobs, bike parades and exhibitions are held all over the world. In addition to these events, special attention is paid to developing a cycling culture, which is why meetings are organized with representatives of sports communities and traffic inspectors. The opening of bicycle paths, parking lots, rental and service points is scheduled for June 3. International Bicycle Day is an occasion to educate the public, as well as to glorify one of the most significant inventions of mankind - the bicycle.

In childhood, the people whose opinion becomes the ultimate truth for the child are parents, grandparents, and older brothers and sisters. With age, the list of authorities is replenished with school teachers, sports coaches, university teachers and work mentors. Our way of life is largely determined by the personalities who lived in previous eras. Artists, writers, philosophers and poets embody knowledge, wisdom and talent and become role models. For believers, the indisputable authorities are Jesus Christ, Buddha and the Prophet Muhammad. For atheists, Newton, Pythagoras, Einstein, Bohr and other scientists are the lights of knowledge. People have long respected the opinions of elders and endowed human properties with divine entities. Among the Greeks, the personification of the authority of strength was Zeus, beauty and love - Aphrodite, words and speech among the Egyptians - the god Hu, and magic - Heka. It is human nature to admire the outstanding traits and actions of both real people and mythical personalities. Therefore, a funny holiday is celebrated on June 3 - the Day of the Personification of Authority. The founder of Impersonate Authority Day is unknown. One can also only guess about the purpose of the celebration. However, the word “personification” in the name of the holiday in relation to authority was not used by chance. In literature, it denotes a special type of metaphor - the transfer of the features of a living being onto inanimate objects and phenomena. Thus, the caduceus is a symbol of wisdom and intelligence, like the mythical tree of knowledge, the snake - wisdom, the sun - vitality. By the same principle, authorities are created when a person or group of people begins to consider someone the embodiment of goodness, beauty, justice, honesty and other ideal traits. The choice of an object for worship depends on the traditions of the people and their belonging to the nation and culture. Thus, in China, the embodiment of wisdom, learning, efficiency and perseverance is the rhinoceros, and insight and prudence is the elephant. In West Africa, the panther is a symbol of intelligence and courage; in Japan, the green pheasant is the embodiment of a strong family, and the stork is the embodiment of marital fidelity. In honor of the Day of the Personification of Authority, we remember outstanding personalities who have become role models for many people. Among political leaders, symbols of fortitude, wisdom and indescribable charisma are Churchill, Roosevelt, Mandela and Margaret Thatcher. John Rockefeller and Henry Ford are considered the embodiment of entrepreneurial spirit, luck and adventurism, multifaceted talent - Michael Jackson, Andy Warhol and John Lennon, geniuses of military art - Alexander the Great, Napoleon and Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov. These and other authorities from different spheres of human activity and their role in history are discussed during the celebration of the Day of the Personification of Authority.

The Latin expression Omnia vincit amor et nos cedamus amori comes from the pen of the ancient Roman poet Publius Virgil Maron. A phrase from a poem he wrote in the “bucolics” genre is translated as “Love conquers everything, and we submit to love.” This popular expression is found in the works of D. Chaucer, W. Thackeray, F. Stendhal, and other poets and writers. It is difficult to disagree with the wisdom and depth of knowledge of life contained in Virgil’s statement. June 3 is celebrated as Love Conquers All Day. The touching Love Conquers All Day encourages people to show their feelings to those they care about most. It is customary to celebrate the holiday of joy and warmth with friends and family members - with everyone you care for and cherish. Love gives a person the ability to accept any challenge in life and to endure the trials sent by fate. Therefore, in honor of the holiday, do not skimp on displays of tenderness, sincere interest in your partner and emotional affection. Love is a sublime feeling, sung millions of times in poetry and prose, cinema and music, which means not only passion and desire, but also disposition and acceptance of another person. Eros, philia, storge, ludus, mania, pragma, agape, philautia... Ancient Greek philosophers identified so many types of love. Each of them had a special emotional coloring and tonality. Thus, philia was the name given to the love of brothers and sisters, the relationship between children and parents; storge meant tenderness, warm partnerships based more on friendship than passion. One of the strongest feelings in terms of emotional intensity gives a person confidence and makes him unbending under the weight of the problems that have fallen on him. Love conquers evil and fear, dispelling it like a ray of sunshine illuminates the darkness. She is capable of defeating a fatal disease and overcoming any obstacles encountered on the way to a person dear to her heart. The wisdom of Virgil's statement is confirmed in the collisions of "Romeo and Juliet", "Orpheus and Eurydice", "Tristan and Isolde", the plots of "Gone with the Wind" and "Titanic". Love Conquers All Day is a celebration of a pure and beautiful feeling, the happiness of which nature has generously rewarded a person. Love, according to G. Heine, “the most sublime and victorious of all passions,” has many faces. It is felt towards a child, parents, husband and wife, Motherland, nature, art... The Day “Love Conquers All” encourages us to think about the power of feeling that sometimes gives a person an unbending will and self-confidence.

Since ancient times, people have tried to conquer airspace by learning to fly. One of the myths of Ancient Greece tells about the architect and sculptor Daedalus, who designed wings for his son Icarus. The flight ended tragically: the wax that held the bird's feathers together melted under the heat of the sun's rays. A more successful parachute jump from a hot air balloon was made on June 3, 1785 in London. The design was invented by aeronaut Francois Blanchard. In honor of this invention, the birthday of the parachute is celebrated annually on June 3. For the first time, the idea of ​​a “tent made of starched linen”, which would allow one to jump from any height and land safely, was voiced by Leonardo da Vinci. He also owned a sketch of a device that was very reminiscent of a modern version of a parachute. The idea of ​​the Italian artist, inventor, scientist and writer was realized in practice only 200 years later with the advent of aeronautics. The parachute (from the Greek para, meaning “against,” and the French chute, meaning “fall”) was made and tested by physicist Louis-Sébastien Lenormand. The scientist made his first jump from a tree using a device consisting of two umbrellas. But later Lenormand improved his invention and successfully dived from a height of 26 m on December 26, 1783 from the balcony of the Montpellier observatory. The physicist saw the purpose of the cone-shaped device, consisting of a dome and a basket of willow twigs, in rescuing people from burning buildings. Somewhat earlier, in 1617, the Croatian scientist and polyglot Faust Vrancic made a parachute jump. The tester constructed it according to the sketches of Leonardo da Vinci, using fabric stretched over a wooden frame. Vrancic dived from an 86 m high bell tower in Bratislava. But the achievement of Francois Blanchard remains in world history. The Frenchman parachuted from a height of 300 m in 1785 a dog, and a year later - a ram. The animals landed safely, and Blanchard's invention was adopted by aeronauts. History has preserved for us the names of other people who made a significant contribution to the development of parachuting. The man who made the first jump from a hot air balloon over Paris in 1797 was named André-Jacques Garnerin. And the inventor of the aviation backpack parachute with a pilot ring is Gleb Kotelnikov. The Russian scientist tested his invention in June 1912. The first world championship in skydiving took place in 1951. Today, not only professionals, but also amateurs practice this sport. Each of them knows the unforgettable sensations and vivid emotions that come from soaring above the ground and rapidly falling at a speed of 200 km/h. Extreme hobby helps a person to see the beauty of the world around him from a bird's eye view. Therefore, the birthday of the parachute is widely celebrated by paratroopers, geologists, intelligence officers, professional parachutists, pilots and other aviation workers.

Congenital foot deformity with the foot turned inward toward the ankle occurs in 1 in 1,000 babies. On average, it takes doctors 2 months to correct the clubfoot (lat. Pes Eqinovarus) of a healthy child. The Ponseti method is used to treat pathology in children and adults. This American orthopedist of Spanish origin proposed the use of plaster casts for therapy, which are applied to the curved foot, gradually changing its shape. Ignacio Ponseti was born on June 3, 1914 in the family of a watchmaker, received a medical education at the University of Barcelona and became a specialist in the field of diseases of the joints and bones. The pinnacle of his professional activity is considered to be the development of a method for correcting clubfoot without surgery. To do this, the doctor suggested using plaster casts, applied in the form of casts on the lower limb from the toes to the groin. The effectiveness of the Ponseti method is 95%. The doctor's birthday coincides with the celebration of World Clubfoot Day. The technique of the famous American doctor, who studied orthopedics with Arthur Steindler at the University of Iowa, is striking not only in its effectiveness, but also in its availability and low cost. World Clubfoot Day was established to promote non-surgical treatment for clubfoot, which can be used in regions where there is a shortage of medical personnel and the local population does not have the funds for expensive treatment for the pathology. The Ponseti method is the “gold standard” of non-invasive procedures for correcting deformities that occur in the musculoskeletal system. Surgical methods for treating clubfoot do not completely correct the defect, and in the future provoke the appearance of arthritis and other diseases. Thanks to the Ponseti technique, millions of people around the world have the opportunity to lead full and productive lives without restriction of physical activity. In addition to applying bandages, medications, special massage, exercise therapy and paraffin applications on the ankle to fix the joint are used to treat clubfoot. World Clubfoot Day was established in 2013 by the International Association Ponseti Ignacio with the aim of disseminating information about methods of treating pathology and preventing the disease. Congenital clubfoot is a consequence of disturbances in the intrauterine development of the fetus due to oligohydramnios and severe toxicosis in a pregnant woman, smoking, and her use of alcohol and drugs. Acquired deformity also occurs due to curvature of the spine, against the background of flat feet and injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Clumsiness and clubfoot in girls in some cultures are considered a sign of humility, a symbol of modesty, childishness and naivety, which causes affection. In Japan, the shuffling gait has long been a consequence of wearing women's traditional clothing, a tight kimono, and sitting on the floor on the heels with rolled ankles since the Edo period. The second reason was the insufficient content of protein and calcium in national cuisine, leading to thinning and deformation of bones, including bending of the limbs. In modern Japan, walking with toes and heels pushed apart is cultivated and is an element of the aesthetic concept of “kawaii” - a woman’s special emphasis on naivety, childishness and childishness. In Siberia, clubfoot among the Chukchi is considered a consequence of living in the tundra with its complex terrain. Walking with heels turned inward helps local residents overcome numerous bumps and potholes more easily and quickly without spraining their feet. For representatives of most ethnic groups and peoples inhabiting the Earth, clubfoot is not the norm. A curvature of the ankle, in addition to not looking aesthetically pleasing, interferes with walking, creating unnecessary stress on the spine and leading to spasms of muscle tissue. World Clubfoot Day calls for attention to prevention and non-surgical methods of treating this pathology.

June Bank Holiday in Ireland

Western Australia Day

Australian Holidays - Mabo Day in Australia

According to the folk calendar, Reindeer Day is celebrated on June 3 (May 21, old style). The holiday is named after Queen Helena, Equal to the Apostles, a saint whose memory is celebrated by Christians on this day. Helen was born in the 3rd century near Constantinople (modern Türkiye). Having met Constantius Chlorus, she gave birth to his son Constantine, who later became the Roman emperor. Unlike other Roman nobles, Helen professed Christianity. Already in adulthood, the woman organized a search and found the Cross of the Lord, his coffin and accompanying relics. She built several temples on the territory of the finds. People simply called Saint Helena Olena or Alena. She was considered the patroness of flax, so they prayed to the saint for its generous harvest. Flax was used to sew new clothes and linens, linseed oil was pressed from the seeds, and the remains of the plant were used in housing construction, like tow between the cracks of wooden walls. Reindeer day was favorable for field work. The peasants sowed oats, buckwheat, barley, late wheat and flax. More attention was paid to sowing flax. For a larger harvest, special rituals were performed. Each family in the village collected two chicken eggs and baked them in a common oven. Baked eggs were placed in a bundle with seeds for men going to sow flax. Before sowing, the men should have thrown the eggs high to the sky, caught them and said a spell for good flax growth. The eggs were eaten, and the shells were brought back - the housewives added them to the feed of poultry so that they would lay eggs more often. If women sowed flax, then they performed a “deceptive” ceremony. To do this, they took off all their clothes, remaining naked. Then they loudly addressed the flax that there was nothing to wear, and asked him to take pity on the naked woman and give him more harvest. Also, on Venison Day, cucumbers continued to be planted. To ward off the evil eye from them, this was done secretly. Afterwards, the housewives dragged the worn-out bast shoes along the ground to the very bed of cucumbers, and over them they read a conspiracy so that the cucumbers would bear as much fruit as the road of the bast shoes to them lasted. Sometimes the holiday was called Elena's braids. The girls prayed to the saint for the gift of beauty. On this day, hair was not braided, but left loose. They believed that the Flax Deer herself touched them, and from her touch they grew like flax: thick, soft and long. If the mountain ash blossomed on Venison Day, then they prepared for an abundance of flax during the harvest. Rain on this day foreshadowed autumn with frequent rains. The loud chirping of grasshoppers in the grass was heard in anticipation of the approaching rain. If the thunder sounded loud during the rain, then the rain was prolonged; if it was quiet, it ended quickly.

Queen's Birthday in New Zealand

Orthodox holidays June 3:

The significant event Velikoretsk religious procession takes place every year for 6 days. Pilgrims will have to walk more than 150 km across the Vyatka province from June 3 to June 8. Since 2000, the religious procession has been recognized as an All-Russian event, which emphasizes the uniqueness of this project for the entire Orthodox world. The history of the Velikoretsky passage begins at the end of the 14th century with the discovery of the image of St. Nicholas in a thicket near the Velikaya River. A peasant from the village of Krutitsy, going about his business, noticed a glow in the thick of the trees. The light, coming as if from many candles, frightened the man. But, feeling an irresistible attraction, the peasant, crossing himself, moved into the forest thicket. It turned out that the mysterious glow came from the icon depicting St. Nicholas the Pleasant, lying next to a life-giving spring. The light disappeared, and the image was transferred to the village, where it soon began to manifest its miraculous power. Residents of neighboring villages, having learned about the acquired image, began to come to bow to the icon. The place where the miraculous image was found, over which a wooden chapel was erected, also began to enjoy special veneration. The glory of the Velikoretsk Icon grew and multiplied; it was soon transferred to the capital of the Vyatka region, the city of Khlynov. But the peasants of the village of Krutitsa were promised to annually return the shrine to the place where it was found. This is how the origins of the Velikoretsk religious procession began. In 1555, the miraculous image, at the behest of the Tsar, was delivered to Moscow. During the journey, the icon gathered many worshipers, showing them holy miracles. The image became so popular that several lists were made from it, which became no less revered. During the final period of the Great Troubles, which engulfed the Russian lands after the death of Ivan the Terrible, the Velikoretsky image of St. Nicholas the Pleasant was again called to Moscow to reassure believers worried about the sad events of recent years. The religious procession, which was a bright event for the countryside and took place with great solemnity, existed until the formation of the Country of Soviets. The miraculous icon disappeared, and pilgrims, following to the bank of the Velikaya River, began to carry with them small paper icons with the image of St. Nicholas. They moved secretly, in small groups, fearing exposure and arrests. In the 90s, relations between the Church and the state changed in the direction of warming, the Velikoretsky Cross Ho was revived. Today, the number of people wishing to go on pilgrimage reaches fifteen thousand; high-ranking guests are increasingly joining the procession, which indicates the status of this great spiritual event.

Celebration in honor of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God

Day of Equal-to-the-Apostles Tsar Constantine and his mother Queen Helena

Cathedral of Karelian Saints

Cathedral of Ufa Saints

Cathedral of Simbirsk Saints

Memorial Day of St. Cassian of Uglich

In Orthodoxy there are several religious holidays dedicated to the remembrance of the dead. These days, believers visit churches and cemeteries to honor the memory of deceased relatives and friends. Special services are held in churches; they pray for the deceased in compliance with established canons and at home. There are special days in the Orthodox calendar for holding this kind of ceremonial events. These include Trinity Parental Saturday, celebrated on the eve of the Feast of Holy Pentecost. This tradition of remembering the dead appeared in Orthodoxy in the Apostolic Age - the time of the separation of Christianity from Judaism. This period lasted about 70 years - from 30 to 100 AD. AD Both on Meat Saturday, which represents the last day of the world, and on Trinity Saturday, which symbolizes the last day of the Old Testament church before the opening of the Church of Christ, believers pray for the salvation of the souls who have gone to another world. After visiting the temple, Orthodox Christians go to cemeteries. Believers clean up the graves, clean the dirt from the monuments, and distribute alms to those in need along the way there and back. Trinity is often called the “Birthday of the Church,” whose members are both living and departed, and the “Green Christmastide.” The symbol of the holiday is the spruce, so on this Mother's Saturday not only flowers, but also branches of coniferous trees are often placed on the graves. In churches, it is customary to leave notes “On repose” and light candles, as well as to bless food, leaving them for the clergy. In the future, they will distribute this food to people in need. According to tradition, the second half of Trinity Ecumenical Saturday is usually spent with family. At a set table they remember loved ones - they say kind words about deceased relatives and friends. The Church does not advise grieving for the deceased and mourning their departure, since it is believed that in another, better of worlds, they are all alive. It is customary to treat friends and neighbors with pies, sweets and cookies. The day ends with preparation for the Holy Trinity, the most important holiday of Orthodoxy. On Parent's Saturday on the eve of Pentecost, they do not sort things out and do not enter into conflicts. Behavior throughout the day should be decorous and appropriate to the idea of ​​the holiday - I remember the departed. During Trinity Saturday they do not engage in mental work, do not work in the garden or at home, do not celebrate anniversaries, weddings and other holidays, and do not get married in church. In addition to giving alms, it is customary to provide other possible assistance to children, the sick and the elderly. All rituals and rules for holding Trinity Parental Saturday contribute to the achievement of well-being by souls in another world. The main motive of all prayers for repose on this day is God’s forgiveness of sins for both deceased and living Orthodox people.