Hard of hearing and deaf people use a special system of gestures to communicate with each other. With its help, they interact with family members, teachers, work colleagues and sign language interpreters. In the process of communication, more than 70 million people resort to active facial expressions, hand waves and body movements. The dactyl alphabet is one of the ways for them to communicate using finger configurations that represent letters. To protect the identity and cultural diversity of the Deaf community, the holiday was established. International Sign Languages ​​Day is celebrated on September 23 every year. The appearance of the International Day of Sign Languages ​​in the calendar of solemn dates occurred in December 2017 at the initiative of the UN General Assembly. The establishment of the holiday by people with disabilities due to problems with hearing organs is obliged to the World Federation of the Deaf, founded in 1951. The organization insisted on the adoption of UN resolution No. 72/161 in order to attract attention to the deaf community and recognize more than 300 existing sign forms of communication as full-fledged ones languages. Adaptation of printed materials for blind and visually impaired people is carried out using Braille. For the benefit of the deaf, news programs and other types of television broadcasts are broadcast with sign language interpretation. People with hearing disabilities receive education, engage in sports and creativity, and have hobbies and interests. In many countries around the world there are social projects for their employment. The cultural-linguistic community of the deaf is a collection of social beliefs, norms of behavior, history, literature, values ​​and legal institutions that are affected by deafness. On this basis, people unite in closed groups. The community of the hearing impaired is also cemented by family and demographic traditions. According to them, marriages in most cases take place within the environment of the hearing impaired. The subculture of hard of hearing people has formed despite society’s attempts to make life easier for people with hearing loss status. Its manifestations are the publication of printed publications, the work of theaters of facial expressions and gestures, associations of artists and other artists, sports clubs and interest groups. 80% of deaf people live in developing countries with low levels of economic development, so most opportunities for social adaptation are not available to them. International Day of Sign Languages ​​calls for protecting the rights and freedoms of people with hearing loss and, above all, providing them with quality education in the international sign language. The names of inventor Thomas Edison, artist Francisco Goya, musician Ludwig van Beethoven, actress Whoopi Goldberg and other famous personalities will forever remain in world history. All of them had hearing problems, which did not prevent them from realizing their inner potential, achieving professional heights, and socializing in society. In modern realities, people with hearing loss only need knowledge of sign language and education, free access to which calls for International Sign Languages ​​Day.

For chewing gum lovers, September 23rd is a special day. It was on this autumn day in 1848 that the American John Curtis invented the first chewing gum. More precisely, he invented it practically in the form in which we are accustomed to seeing it now. He added paraffin flavorings to the pine resin. But the invention still needed improvement; in 1869, Thomas Adams invented rubber-based chewing gum, and 2 years later he established its industrial production. Even before our era, tribes living in Northern Europe chewed the resin of coniferous trees to relax and remove bad breath. Corresponding fossilized pieces of resin with clear imprints of human teeth were found during excavations carried out in Estonia. The Mayans also thought about chewing gum, but instead they used the sap of the sapodilla tree. It hardened quickly, but at the same time retained its elasticity. You can treat yourself to a new flavor of chewing gum that you have never tried before. For example, vanilla with cinnamon or watermelon with mango. The main thing is to observe moderation; you should not eat chewing gum in packs, because some people may experience allergic reactions to the components of the treat. It is interesting to celebrate the birthday of the treat with friends. You can have a competition to blow the biggest bubble. Don’t forget to properly dispose of your chewing gum after the holiday. There is no need to throw it in the toilet, on the asphalt, or attach it under the seat of public transport. Well-mannered people dispose of chewing gum along with household food waste. In the countries of the former USSR, chewing gum was in short supply until the 90s, but after its appearance on the public market, it gained huge demand among schoolchildren, largely thanks to the colorful inserts. The children spent all their pocket money on a not always healthy delicacy, collected inserts, and competed in the art of blowing bubbles of the maximum size. Nowadays, chewing gum is positioned more as a hygiene product that helps freshen breath. There is a certain amount of truth in this, since powerful flavors help eliminate bad breath. But don’t think that chewing gum can replace traditional hygiene procedures with a toothbrush and toothpaste. Gum manufacturers recommend chewing gum for no more than 15 minutes and using it only once.

The global web provides anyone with access to huge amounts of data. This is the world's largest repository of information, where you can find everything - the history of handbags, tips for cleaning the house, the theory of relativity for dummies, Shakespeare's original novels and a list of differences between different types of tea. The answer to absolutely any question can be found on the Internet, but how to carry out this search? When we come to the library, the employee who works there helps us find the book we need. He has registration cards and knows the book aisle navigation by heart. On the Internet, this function is performed by search engines. Search engines are “bridges” that help the user get to the necessary data - find it and read/view/download it as quickly as possible. The most popular search engines in RuNet are Google, Yandex and Yahoo! On September 23, the silver medalist of this rating, the main brainchild of the largest IT company in Russia, celebrates his birthday. What do we know about the search engine that has helped us out so many times? The first systems that searched web pages were Wandex and ALIWEB, which were created in 1993. At the same time, the Yandex application appeared. At that time, it only worked within one site. Using the application, the user could quickly find information on a web resource. Although the real history of Yandex began even earlier - in the 80s, when employees of the Arcadia company began to work closely on the development of search algorithms. Their projects took into account the morphology of the Russian language, and their products were aimed at a Russian-speaking audience. This organization subsequently became part of CompTek, which marked a turning point in its history. The original name of the company, as often happens, was invented by accident. Ilya Segalovich shortened the English expression “yet another indexer” to the more laconic “Yandex”, and Arkady Volozh subsequently proposed replacing the first two letters with the Russian “Ya”. The result was a simple, original name that users remembered without difficulty. The developers spent almost four years improving their project. On September 23, 1997, at the Softool exhibition in Moscow, Yandex was presented as a full-fledged search engine. At that time, there were only about 5,000 sites on the RuNet - a drop in the ocean when compared with the number of web resources today. As you know, great things begin with small things. To create this project, the creators bought three servers with 1 GB hard drives. The total cost was $10,000. Interestingly, in the first version the search engine logo was located at an angle. The creators wanted to add such a twist, but it generated a lot of jokes among users, and the idea was abandoned. In 1998, the first contextual advertising appeared in Yandex, which was shown only to a specific target audience with suitable queries. Two years later, a separate company, Yandex, was created. The largest project came of age and prepared for adulthood, although among its founders were CompTek shareholders. Contextual advertising turned out to be very profitable. Already in 2002, the project fully paid for itself and began to generate considerable income for shareholders. Even today, contextual advertising occupies an important place in the business model of this company, and its capital in 2017 was estimated at 367 billion rubles. In those days, Yandex had a strong competitor in RuNet - Rambler. Although this confrontation was tense, it did not last long. In 2001, Yandex overtook Rambler, which has since gradually fallen into oblivion. Today, the only “strong” competitor to the domestic search network can only be considered the international Google system. In terms of the number of requests processed, Yandex ranks fourth in the overall list, and among non-English-language networks it ranks second, second only to the Asian Baidu.

Education Technology Day

The autumnal equinox is celebrated annually on September 22 or 23. The date is significant from a historical perspective and refers to one of the most ancient holidays of the Slavs. The day of the autumn equinox played an equally important role in the lives of other peoples of the world. Gratitude to the earth for a bountiful harvest, the meeting of summer and winter, the transformation of light and darkness - all this has to do with Fall Equinox. On September 22-23, Druids gather at Stonehenge, whose megaliths were erected for astronomical measurements. The British authorities allow supporters of pagan teachings to hold entire festivals there. Among the ancient Celts, the autumn day of Mabon, when the light and dark parts of the day are almost equal, was considered a holiday for the ripening of apples and the harvest of the second harvest. The German beer festival Oktoberfest takes its origins from it. In the Land of the Rising Sun, the day of the autumn equinox, according to Buddhist tradition, called Higan, is a public holiday. In Japan, celebrations involve honoring the dead, visiting their graves, and offering food to the dead. Part of the pyramids of Mexico was built taking into account the incidence of the sun's rays on their steps on the days of the spring and autumn equinox. On these dates, at 12.00, glare appears on the structure in Chechen Itza, which forms the image of Kukulkan - the Feathered Serpent, one of the most ancient deities of Mayan mythology. There is a belief that if you climb to the top of this 24 m high pyramid in the city of El Castillo and make a wish, it will certainly come true. Other ancient historical buildings are also oriented to the cardinal points. Thus, twice a year in Strasbourg, France, on the days of the spring and autumn equinox, a ray of sun falls from the stained glass window with the image of Judas in the Cathedral on the statue of Jesus Christ. From September 22 or 23, depending on whether the year is a leap year or not, the Slavs began a month dedicated to the god Veles. 7 days before and 7 days after this date, folk festivals were held. It was believed that water these days has magical properties - it gives health and beauty if you wash your face with it more often. Orthodoxy replaced the ancient Slavic holiday with a Christian one - the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. However, the traditions of protecting a house from evil spirits with plucked rowan trees and predicting the weather on this day using folk signs have a more ancient history. At this time, weddings were celebrated and fraternities - meetings of men - were held. On the autumn equinox, they baked pies with rowan berries and cabbage and served this treat to guests at home. A loaf and an ear of grain - symbols of fertility - occupied a place of honor on the table of our ancestors. The autumn equinox is one of the sacred points of the year. It symbolizes the transformation of space and the transition to a new life according to the astrological calendar. Remembering their ancestors and their customs, many peoples of the world pay tribute to ancient traditions and widely celebrate the Autumn Equinox.

The end of September is one of the most beautiful periods of the year. Summer has not yet completely lost its ground, and autumn is just quietly creeping up on tiptoe. The air is saturated with the spicy aroma of ripe apples and pears, late flowers are shedding their last petals, the first rusty leaves are already appearing on the trees, and rare cobwebs remind of the imminent onset of Indian summer. It’s still warm outside, so you can walk around to your heart’s content, but in the evenings the quiet breath of autumn reminds you of itself with a slight coolness, which makes you want to wrap yourself in a checkered blanket and warm your hands with a cup of hot tea. During this truly wonderful time, Wiccan communities celebrate Mabon, a pagan holiday that coincides with the autumn equinox. Pagans attached sacred significance to the autumn equinox. Libra enters the zodiac scene, a sign that is a symbol of balance. On September 22 or 23, the day becomes equal in length to the night. A precarious balance is being established between darkness and light, which will soon be disrupted. On the day of the autumn equinox, the pagans took stock. It was believed that this was the best time to free oneself from everything old. The very name of the holiday “Mabon” comes from the name of the Celtic sun god, who was the son of one of the mother goddesses Modron and the ruler of the underworld Urien. Interestingly, the Celts celebrated this holiday long before the Viking invasion of their lands. According to ancient custom, on the day of Mabon, many witches acquired new staffs and carved runes on elm wood. This tradition has been preserved since the times of the Druids. On this day, the goddess Modron and her husband acted as the eldest of the clan. Their children reached full maturity. Children mean not only people, but also animals, birds, and plant fruits. By autumn, the chicks that hatched in the spring and the animals that were born several months ago became adults. Mabon is not a witches' sabbath, but a family holiday. The elders in the family assessed the achievements of their children with a fatherly gaze. Not only the Celts, but also many other peoples held magnificent family celebrations on this day. Guests were generously treated to what they had grown with their own hands; people visited their relatives. Young girls were telling fortunes about their betrothed. Among the Celts, Mabon was also known as the festival of the second harvest. By this time, the bread was usually already harvested, but late vegetables were still growing in the gardens, and there were plenty of mushrooms, berries and game in the forests. On this day, people often went with baskets to collect the gifts of autumn. The Celts were interested not only in mushrooms and berries. From the forest they brought fallen leaves, pine cones, acorns, tree branches, herbs, roots, and ferns. They, along with ripe ears of wheat, were used to decorate the house for the holiday. Some of the forest gifts were left for the winter to prepare healing decoctions and magic potions. In the northern countries, Mabon coincided with the “last sheaf” ritual. For example, at this time in Scotland the barley harvest was being completed, so the locals began brewing barley beer at the end of September, and the equinox holiday became an excellent occasion for tasting the drink. On this day, the Celts also honored the deceased women of their clan. The festive table was decorated with dishes of vegetables, beans and mushrooms, corn and wheat bread. Slavic pagans also celebrated the day of the equinox, which had its own names in different parts. They called him Ovsen, Tausen and Radogoshch. By September 22 or 23, field work was completed. The holiday was celebrated on a grand scale. On this day the Slavs paid homage to the goddess Lada. Pies with cabbage, dishes with juicy berries and fragrant lingonberries were placed on the table. Immediately after the end of the harvest, young couples performed wedding ceremonies. On the day of the solstice, each Slavic community baked a large honey pie, which was treated to all participants in the celebration. On this day, the pagans thanked the gods for the harvest and commemorated their departed ancestors. Houses were decorated with rowan branches, which, according to legend, acted as a talisman and protected against dark forces. Mass celebrations with round dances and chants were always held. In Tauseni, the Slavs burned a bird made of straw to guide the light gods and the souls of their ancestors to Iriy (pagan paradise).

The famous fence in Australia, which stretches across the entire continent, was built in 1901-1907. to save endemic animals from dingoes, cats and rabbits brought to the continent. The 5,600 km long structure protects not only kangaroos, wombats and emus, but also farmers' crops from invasion by mammals of the Leporidae family. Rabbits brought to Australia by colonists caused damage to agriculture. Therefore, it was decided to prevent their mass settlement throughout the country with the help of a fence. Wild rabbits living on other continents and their domesticated counterparts themselves need protection. Representatives of the hare family are bred for meat and fur, and for the same reason they are exterminated by hunters. Despite the efforts of wildlife activists, rabbits continue to be used in laboratory research for medicines and cosmetics. International Rabbit Day, which is celebrated annually on the fourth Saturday of September, is called upon to draw attention to the problem of inhumane treatment of animals. The holiday, established in honor of the closest relatives of hares, appeared in 1998. The initiative to hold it was taken by RWAF, one of the British associations involved in the protection of rabbits. The celebration encourages people to take responsible care of their pets and provide them with proper care. The holiday is also actively promoted by another non-profit organization, the House Rabbit Society from the USA, which rescues abandoned animals by opening the HRS Rabbit Center - a center for their adoption and owner education. In total, there are more than 300 breeds in the population, 50 of which are decorative. The most common species is the European rabbit, native to Portugal, Spain and France. From there, mammals spread to all continents except Antarctica. Representatives of the Leporidae family can be found both in the snows of the Arctic, where polar rabbits live, and in the forests of Brazil, where the common tapeti live. People are happy to have friendly and cute animals with fluffy tails. The leaders in keeping rabbits at home are the Scandinavian countries and the UK. Animals living side by side with humans need to be treated with care and proper care. International Rabbit Day encourages people to start caring responsibly for their pets and stop killing mammals in the wild and using them in laboratory experiments. The holiday is a great time to make a donation to an animal welfare organization. In honor of the holiday, educational events are held, posts and photographs of rabbits are posted on social networks with the hashtags #InternationalRabbitDay and #RabbitDay.

National Hunting and Fishing Day

Day of School Failure Prevention

Day of Information Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

State Language Day in Kyrgyzstan

Holiday of Sedeh in Zoroastrianism

National Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Genocide in Lithuania (Holocaust Memorial Day)

National Dogs in Politics Day

National Ice Cream Day in Brazil

This day is associated with the names of the Christian saints Peter and Paul. September 23 was sometimes called the name day of the mountain ash. On this day, it was customary for people to collect its fruits, leaving a little on the tree as a treat for the birds. New beginnings and travels were planned for Ryabinka. There was a belief that a business started on this day would definitely end well.

Autumn Equinox in Japan (Shu-bun-no Hi)

Orthodox holidays September 23:

Memorial Day of St. Paul of Pechersk, the Obedient

Cathedral of Lipetsk Saints

Memorial Day of the Holy Virgins Minodora, Metrodora and Nymphodora