Holidays 4 march
Obesity in the 21st century has become a global problem that affects the adult and child population of most countries. Excess weight is a burden not only on the spine and vital systems of the body, but also on the public health care system. Obesity significantly worsens a person's quality of life and reduces its duration. Overweight women have problems with fertility, and men have problems with reproductive function. March 4 is World Obesity Day, which is intended to draw attention to this pathology and the need to prevent the disease. The first World Obesity Day took place in 2015. Since then, annual events have been dedicated to a specific topic related to high body mass index. Thus, in 2016, the problem of childhood obesity was considered, and a year later - treatment and prevention of excess weight gain. Until 2020, World Obesity Day, which was initiated by The World Obesity Federation with the support of WHO, fell on October 11. All their statements and resolutions were widely covered and continue to be covered by the scientific medical journal The Lancet. Today, the date for conferences, seminars and other events dedicated to obesity and related problems is March 4. But some people celebrate it twice a year - also on October 11th. A high body mass index, as studies have shown, does not depend on the economic indicators of life and social status of citizens of a particular state. Up to 25% of teenagers from developed countries (USA, Canada, UK, Ireland) suffer from excess weight, 15% of them are diagnosed with obesity. No less high indicators are demonstrated by countries with a low standard of living - Taiwan, Brazil, Egypt, the Cook Islands, and India. Scientists call for attention to the fact that in children under 6 years of age who were overweight, in 50% of cases obesity is diagnosed in adulthood. Obese people suffer from diabetes, musculoskeletal diseases, cardiovascular pathologies and oncology. The accumulation of excess fat in the body leads to a decrease in physical activity, which means a slowdown in metabolic processes in the body. An overweight person has a lot of reasons to be dissatisfied with his own appearance, which negatively affects the functioning of the central nervous system, causes complexes and creates psychological problems. The World Obesity Federation was created quite a long time ago - in 1974. Despite this, today a high body mass index is observed in 1/3 of the world's population. According to WHO observations, obesity has become a global pandemic since 1997. In order to combat it, doctors in all countries of the world carry out educational work with the population, talking about the causes and consequences of the disease. These events do not stop for a single day throughout the year, but the education of doctors takes on special activity and significance - World Obesity Day.
“Rus' has joy and drink, we cannot exist without it,” is a well-known phrase about the adherence of the ancestors of the Eastern Slavs to the “earthly serpent,” which is attributed to Prince Vladimir. Drunkenness has long been considered a national problem. In the 12th century. In winter, drunks who could not stand on their feet were picked up on the streets so that they would not freeze. Prototypes of modern sobering-up stations appeared under Peter I. They were located in the cold basements of drinking establishments. In the USSR, the first establishment of this kind opened in 1931 on Marata Street in Leningrad. The day of creation of medical sobering-up stations in the Ministry of Internal Affairs is considered to be March 4, 1940. Until the relevant order is issued by the Commissioner of Internal Affairs L.P. Beria, the institutions where drunks were taken, including minors, were subordinate to the People's Commissariat of Health. People were picked up on the streets and taken to a special place, where they were revived and left overnight. In tsarist Russia, in sobering stations at the beginning of the twentieth century. There were two people working - a coachman and a paramedic. The “shelter for the drunk” in Tula opened on November 7, 1902 and was maintained at the expense of the city treasury - drunkards lay there for free, they were soldered with cucumber pickle and a gramophone was turned on to lift their spirits. The poor were provided with shoes and clothing upon discharge. In Soviet times, those who ended up in a sobering-up center did not have to expect such courtesy. Drunkenness and being indecent in public was considered “offensive to human dignity and public morality” behavior. The citizen was placed under a cold shower, after which he was examined by a paramedic and issued a cavitation to pay for services for being in the sobering-up station. This fact was reported at the place of work. The workforce reacted to this in different ways: a drinker was subject to public censure, could lose his bonus or even be demoted. After the release of order No. 00298 on March 4, 1940, L.P. Beria on the transfer of sobering-up stations to another department, they began to submit to the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs. The police picked up people in the second or third stage of intoxication on the streets and took them to specially created institutions. Their employees brought drinkers to their senses, identified chronic alcoholics and conducted educational conversations with them. If a person ended up in a sobering-up center several times over the course of a year, he was sent for treatment to a mental health clinic or drug treatment clinic. With the collapse of the USSR, medical institutions where drunk citizens were taken began to close. Their maintenance was too expensive - on average, municipal authorities annually spent from 5 to 11 million rubles on the maintenance of each establishment. By October 2011, there was not a single sobering center left in the Russian Federation, although the need for them had not disappeared. Their disbandment created a problem in ordinary hospitals, where drunken citizens began to be taken. They behaved aggressively and violently, causing inconvenience to their ward neighbors and medical staff. According to the remark of Soviet millionaires, sobering-up stations significantly facilitated the work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in solving crimes. Thieves often entered the establishments, drinking away the loot and boasting about their “exploits” while drunk. In 2010, a commemorative medal “70 years of medical sobering-up centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia” was issued. This fact emphasized the social significance of such institutions and gave a high assessment to the activities of their employees. Therefore, the date March 4, 1940 will forever remain in history as the Day of the creation of medical sobering-up stations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Fashionistas all over the world celebrate on March 4 a holiday of beauty and perfection of form - the birthday of the miniskirt. The length of this wardrobe item became extremely short in the 60s of the twentieth century. The development of the hippie subculture, the rise of feminism and other revolutionary processes led to the emancipation of women all over the world. The clothes of the fair half of humanity began to increasingly expose parts of the body, including legs. Many products that have become popular cause fierce debate among those who consider themselves the authors of the masterpiece. And if everything is clear with the little black dress from Coco Chanel, then the invention of the miniskirt is attributed to two representatives of the fashion industry: • designer Mary Quant from Great Britain, developer of lines of fashionable cosmetics and household goods, creator of the images “Schoolgirl” and “Lolita”; • Frenchman Andre Courrèges, former employee of the house of Cristobal Balenciaga, pioneer in the use of synthetic materials in the creation of clothing (plastic, neoprene , latex, etc.) The legend says: Madame Quant's friend, in order to ensure that the hem of her skirt did not interfere with house cleaning, cut its length. The owner of the Bazaar fashion store in Chelsea appreciated her friend's idea and immediately displayed items of a similar cut in the boutique window. London milliner Mary Quant's miniskirts, named after the iconic Mini Cooper car of the time, sold out within a day. This is interesting. The figure 10 cm is considered iconic for such a provocative wardrobe detail as a miniskirt. In the classic models, which began the fight against social stereotypes in 1965, the bottom of the product was located 10 cm above the knee line. Over time, less and less fabric was used to sew one item. The hem of the micro model in the 21st century. It retreats only 10 cm from the owner’s buttocks, reaching the middle of the thighs. Haute couture products by Andre Courrèges were worn by wealthy clients, and items at affordable prices from Mary Quant, a representative of working-class youth. French feminists of the time wore ultra minis, which were wider than they were long. They believed that this item of clothing liberated women, freeing them from bourgeois prejudices. Decades have passed since the appearance of “shamelessness coming from the devil himself,” as Vatican clergy called short skirts. Despite its extremely short length, the mini 10 cm above the knee looks laconic and elegant. It is preferred by supporters of business-style clothing. Skirts that barely cover their hips are an invariable attribute of Go-Go and Pole Dance dancers and cheerleaders of US football teams. Ultra-short products are worn by gymnasts, tennis players, ballerinas and representatives of other professions. This is interesting. A tiny skirt 20cm below the waist is called a micro. The ideal length of the product is calculated individually, multiplying the girl’s height by a factor of 0.18 cm. Thus, for a 175-centimeter fashionista, the optimal length would be a micro length of 31.5 cm. To determine this indicator for a mini skirt, a young coquette should multiply the height by 0.26 cm. Every year, fashionistas around the world pay tribute to the revolutionary invention of the 20th century. On March 4, 1965, Mary Quant introduced models in miniskirts to the Broadway public. The fashion show was a wild success; reports about this event were broadcast on all US news channels. And Mary Quant's walk with the models in New York paralyzed traffic in Manhattan. So March 4th went down in history as the birthday of the miniskirt. A year later, for her contribution to the development of the fashion industry, the designer received the Order of the British Empire from the hands of Queen Elizabeth. Guess what Mary Quant wore to the awards ceremony at Buckingham Palace? That's right - in a miniskirt.
March 4th is a funny holiday - International Bespectacled Day. This term is quite often used to refer pejoratively to people who wear glasses. In this particular case there is nothing wrong with it. You could even say that this is a “professional” holiday for those who have poor eyesight, started wearing glasses and turned them into a stylish accessory, an important part of their image. Is there at least one person who has never seen glasses? Two lenses in frames of different shapes, which are attached to the temples - the design of the glasses is considered universal and is unlikely to change in the near future. Why reinvent the “bicycle”? Although a lot of alternatives to glasses (lenses, surgical vision correction) have appeared quite a long time ago, many still prefer them. The history of glasses began many centuries ago. According to one unconfirmed version, even before their invention, people with poor eyesight were forced to use special crystals, which were carefully polished beforehand. It is difficult to say how much truth there is in these assumptions. Both today and twenty centuries ago, people most often experience two vision problems - myopia and farsightedness. The former have trouble seeing objects at a great distance, while the latter cannot get a good look at what is very close. By the way, farsightedness was not as common as myopia. For the first time, Aristotle spoke about the defect of vision, in which people did not see objects in the distance. He gave this pathology an extremely unusual for that time, but absolutely correct explanation - the ancient Greek philosopher believed that the reason was the non-standard structure of human eyeballs. He was absolutely right, since myopic people do have elongated eyeballs, as a result of which the retina is located behind the focal plane. At first, myopia was very common, which was facilitated by working without normal lighting, poor living conditions, and lack of quality medicine. Contrary to misconceptions, in Europe such people were valued. They could do painstaking work - copying manuscripts, embroidering, knitting, working with small details. When medicine reached a new level and normal electric lighting appeared, the number of myopic people decreased sharply, and by the end of the last century it increased again, since we had a lot of technical means that negatively affect vision (TVs, phones, computers). Disputes about the authorship of certain great inventions sometimes turn into real verbal battles, and this cup and glasses have not been spared. According to one unconfirmed version, they were invented at the end of the 13th century in Italy. This fact today can neither be refuted nor confirmed. The only indirect evidence is the mention of a new invention in the sermon of the Dominican Giordano da Rivalto in 1305. At that time, glasses were already quite common. The monk mentioned that less than twenty years had passed since their invention, but he managed to personally meet their creator. Half a century later, a fresco appeared in the Italian church of Treviso, which for the first time depicted a man wearing glasses. The name of their inventor was still not mentioned anywhere, although with a high degree of probability it can be argued that he was still Italian. Much later, information about a certain Salvino Armati began to appear in various sources. None of the researchers had a viable theory about the true inventor that could be documented, so this theory became widespread. However, it was completely refuted by later critics. No family with the surname Armati during the period in which "Salvino" supposedly lived had relatives with that name, as evidenced by family trees. It was not possible to find the grave of this person, which was described in detail indicating the exact location. Subsequently, a number of critics smashed this version to smithereens, and the inventor of the glasses remained unknown.
March 4th is an important date for everyone involved in music or public speaking. It is considered the birthday of the microphone. It was on this day in 1877 that American inventor Emil Berliner received his patent for a microphone. The device was a hermetically sealed capsule. Inside, between two metal plates, there was coal powder. Therefore, the device was presented to the public as a carbon microphone. Interestingly, a mechanism for voice amplification had already been developed before - the fluid transmission device of inventor Alexander Bell. He presented his brainchild at an exhibition held in 1876 in Philadelphia. Berliner took this device as the basis for his developments, modified it and obtained a cleaner and stronger sound. Alexander Bell even sued the inventor, but could not win. Then he simply bought the patent. Today, a microphone is an integral part of our lives, a mandatory attribute of almost any event - from a gala parade to a party in a club. It is also used at meetings, conferences, television and radio appearances. It is this device that helps create a festive atmosphere and makes speeches possible in front of a large number of spectators. Allows you to convey words of speech, congratulations, and songs to everyone present in a room or open space. The birthday of the microphone is celebrated, first of all, by those for whom it is not a means of entertainment, but a professional working tool. These are TV and radio presenters, actors, singers, musicians. After all, it was their career that took place thanks to the invention of this device. On this day, some performers recall the stages of their climb up the career ladder: broadcasts, concerts, and especially memorable tours. On March 4, it is customary all over the world to spend time with friends, have fun, attend live music concerts and other entertainment events. Many singers refuse phonograms. Those who like to sing songs traditionally attend karaoke or sing at home with friends and family. The clubs hold competitions among visitors for the best performer. A chocolate microphone can be a good themed gift for such an event. The main thing is not to sit alone on this day, but to have fun, participate in events or organize them yourself.
In November 2019, the UN and UNESCO adopted a resolution establishing a holiday dedicated to one of the scientific and technical areas of human activity. Since ancient times, people have been transforming nature to satisfy their needs. The result of their work was the creation of technical devices, the development of new processes and materials. Engineering requires not only ingenuity and knowledge of physics, mathematics, economics, but also a number of other disciplines. The contribution of professionals in this industry to the development of scientific and technological progress is difficult to overestimate. Therefore, March 4 is celebrated as World Engineering Day. The date of World Engineering Day was not chosen by chance. March 4th is the founding day of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO). Today it includes national associations of professionals from 103 countries, incl. - Russian Federation. In 2001, the General Assembly of WFEO was held in Moscow. One of the main founders of this organization, founded in 1968, is the Russian Union of Scientific and Engineering Public Associations. World Engineering Day has its own logo, consisting of symbols in 17 colors, representing the UN Sustainable Development Goals according to the 2030 Agenda. In honor of the March 4 holiday, engineers and other employees of design bureaus, NGOs, and research institutes are honored. They use their knowledge and skills at various stages of the product life cycle: from invention and design to implementation in production, from maintenance of technical devices to their improvement at the operational stage. Engineers are a creative profession associated with ingenuity, resourcefulness and an unconventional approach to solving problems. One of the first historical examples of human scientific and technical activity is the invention of the wheel, plow, bow and other tools. Engineers in the modern sense of the word can be considered the mythical heroes Daedalus and Noah, the ancient Greek Archimedes, the Roman Vitruvius, Galileo and Descartes. Initially, the basics of craftsmanship were passed on from artisan to student. With the invention of printing, theoretical knowledge began to be actively disseminated, and engineering skills and abilities began to be taught in schools, colleges and institutes. Today World Engineering Day is celebrated by specialists working in the field of construction, IT technologies and computer programming, working in the field of nuclear physics, genetics, architecture, automotive industry and other areas. World Engineering Day is a hymn to the ingenuity and creative activity of man, his mastery of transforming nature and the development of scientific and technological progress.
March 4 is a significant date in the history of the police in Belarus. On this day, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs celebrate their professional holiday - Police Day, which received official approval by the decision of the President of the country in 1998. The origins of this event go back to 1917, when the Minsk office of the civil commandant established a decree. In accordance with it, Bolshevik M.A. Mikhailov was appointed temporary head of the police department, whose main task was to maintain law and order in the capital. According to the order, all local police officers were required to hand over the weapons they were using to the new chief. Thus, a police department was organized on the territory of the country, and Minsk itself became its center. The very first created police departments, consisting mainly of ordinary workers and peasants, took part in protecting urban order and in eliminating bandit groups. However, in the 1930s, mass repressions did not spare police officers either. According to static information, during the punitive measures throughout the Union, over 100,000 police officers were injured, about 20,000 of them were shot. During the Great Patriotic War, the very first to enter into confrontation with the fascists were representatives of the NKVD. A striking example of courage and bravery in the history of the Second World War is the feat of the Brest police. On that fateful date for the entire Soviet Union, June 22, 1941, the attack of the German army of the enemy had to be accepted together with the soldiers of the Brest Fortress and the railway police workers of the nearby city. They entered into a bloody battle with the enemy on the way to the Brest station. In the post-war period, experiencing all the hardships of these years, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs continued to fulfill their official duties, ensuring the protection of civilians from the criminal world and fighting speculators, robbers, murderers, guarding food warehouse complexes and banking institutions. As time passed, many different eras passed in public life. But no matter how dramatic the events in the fate of the huge country, representatives of law enforcement agencies were constantly at the forefront of the fight against crime. And now, as in previous times, they ensure order in all sectors of activity in Belarus. Every year on March 4, police officers receive sincere congratulations and words of gratitude; the most distinguished ones are awarded certificates and prizes from their superiors. In addition, on this day they honor the memory of employees of the internal divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and all those who died in the line of duty.
There are saints who are especially revered in certain countries. Such a saint is Kazemir, whose memorial day is celebrated on March 4 every year in Lithuania. Kazemir was born in the 15th century and was the heir of the Lithuanian princes and Polish kings, but, despite his high birth, the boy was particularly pious from an early age. Fasting, prayer and taming the flesh became the reality of the prince's life, as if he were a monk. At the age of 20, Kazemir takes a vow of chastity and refuses to marry into foreign royal families. The prince combined his duties as heir to the throne with writing theological texts and poems, some of which are still used today in Catholic services. The prince died at the age of 26, showing an example of true faith, meekness and humility until his last minutes. Immediately after the death of Kazemir, his relatives decided to achieve the canonization of their beloved brother and son. However, it so happened that the question of the holiness of a young man from the Jagiellonian family had been resolved for more than a hundred years. Having studied the biography, Pope Leo agreed to canonization. But for unknown reasons, the documents were lost for a long time. And only in 1604, after the opening of the prince’s grave, significant evidence of his holiness was obtained. Casemir's body was not touched by the decay of death, a wonderful fragrance spread around him. Soon after the opening of the relics, a ceremony was held in the Cathedral of the city of Vilna, where the prince was recognized as a Christian saint. Subsequently, hundreds of healings and miraculous phenomena took place at the prince’s grave; knights turned to Casemir, asking for good luck in their military campaigns. Since the beginning of the 20th century, on March 4, Kazyuki fairs began to be held in Vilnius, where agricultural goods were sold. Today Kazyuki is held annually in other cities where Saint Casemir is venerated. These are bright holidays where everyone can admire or purchase creative objects. The main symbols of the holiday are sweet gingerbread with theological inscriptions and willows made from dried plants.
International holidays - International Scrapbooking Industry Day
According to the folk calendar, March 4 (February 19, old style) is the Day of Arkhip and Philemon. The day is named in honor of two of the 70 apostles - Saints Archippus and Philemon, whose memory is revered in the Orthodox calendar on this date. Both saints were among the successors of the Apostle Paul. Archippus was awarded the rank of bishop in the city of Colossae, located on the territory of modern Turkey. Thanks to his faithful service to the Lord, Philemon received the rank of archpastor in the city of Gaza and, together with his wife Apphia, brought the Word of God to Christians, opening the doors of his home to believers for services. During the persecution of Christians, Arkhippus was punished for his faith by being cut to death with knives. The pagans buried the couple chest-deep in the ground and beat them to death with cobblestones. People performed a ritual with a loaf on Arkhip for greater yields this year. The loaf itself was baked from wheat flour; it symbolized the sun - the source of heat and light, most revered by the peasants. They cooled it down and carried it out into the yard on a clean towel. Raising it above the head three times to bless the Lord, they read a prayer, then divided it into parts and treated the household and the poor passing by. The collected crumbs were thrown behind the back over the left shoulder for the birds to eat. Since the peasants' reserves in the bins were already depleted, they allowed themselves less and less to set a sumptuous table. But on the day of Arkhip and Philemon, as many dishes as possible should be prepared. This was done to attract spring as quickly as possible, in order to quickly begin field work and refill warehouses with food. It was important to distribute food to the hungry and poor, as well as to do as many good deeds as possible. And in order to find out which grain crop the summer would bring more, the owners raised several sheaves on the roof to be illuminated by the setting sun. At dawn they were lowered and examined. Whichever crop had more frost on it, that type of grain promised a rich harvest. On the day of Arkhip and Philemon, they observed signs. If you saw seagulls in the sky, you expected warming and melting of ice on water bodies. White hares in the fields foreshadowed once again heavy snow, and gray ones - the onset of warmth. Warming was also expected if potatoes took root in the cellar. The bright sun during the day predicted a fruitful year.
This professional holiday appeared quite recently - in 2009. The initiator of its establishment was the St. Petersburg drama theater "Comedian's Shelter", or rather, deputy director Alexander Berezovikov. The idea of ​​a new holiday was immediately supported by other theaters in St. Petersburg, and soon employees of all Russian theaters began to celebrate Theater Cashier Day. ...and not from a hanger, as the aphorism attributed to Stanislavsky says. The cashier is an intermediary between the temple of Melpomene and the viewer, and the occupancy of the hall largely depends on him. This is not just an usher from the directorate of theater and entertainment box offices, but a creative and business partner of the theater, sharing the successes and failures of each production. Stage workers create legends about their favorite cashiers, like famous actors. An experienced theater cashier is, firstly, an avid theatergoer who knows everything about the city's theatrical events, premieres and tours, and secondly, a psychologist and consultant who can accurately advise the viewer exactly the performance that will be of interest to him. It is known that only a third of spectators know exactly what they want when going to the theater. And for the rest, only a competent cashier will help with the choice, based on the viewer’s preparedness, his interest, age, even place of residence. The very first day of the theater cashier was celebrated, naturally, on the stage of the initiator - “The Comedian’s Shelter”. 20 St. Petersburg theaters took part. Each of them has their own favorite cashier, who sold the most tickets to this particular theater. The event was organized in the form of a skit party, where first there were general congratulations, and then personal congratulations to the beloved cashiers. As a gift, they received annual gold countermarks for places of honor for two persons. "The Comedian's Shelter" is a relatively young theater, founded in 1987. Today he is a multiple winner of theater awards, who is popular among St. Petersburg residents and well known abroad, annually holding St. Petersburg theater seasons in European capitals. In addition to the mentioned holiday, the theater established the “Breakthrough” youth theater award, the only one in the country. Cashiers have no problems selling tickets to the Comedians' Shelter - they sell out instantly. Why they decided to celebrate the new holiday on the first Monday of March, history is silent about that. Perhaps this is intended as a lead-up to March 8, since most theater cashiers are women. And at the end of March, theater workers celebrate another, already international, professional holiday - World Theater Day.
Orthodox holidays on March 4:
The Orthodox Church celebrates the Day of Remembrance of St. Theodore of Sanaksar on March 4, the anniversary of the death of the holy father. The exact birthday of the saint is not known, but it happened in 1718. A boy from the noble Ushakov family was given the name John at baptism. Upon reaching adulthood, the young man, like other offspring of wealthy families, was assigned to military service. The metropolitan cheerful life soon turned the head of the young successful sergeant, but one incident turned his worldview and future destiny upside down. One day, during a carefree mess in the company of friends, one of John’s comrades suddenly died. The instant death of a young man without repentance struck Ushakov so much that he decides to leave the achievements of his former life and become a hermit. John flees from service and relatives into the deep Pomeranian forests. Here he finds a lonely cell, which will become his refuge for three years spent in fasting, repentance and prayer. John was returned to the capital by the police as a person without documents. Many recognized the former reveling military man and were amazed at the changes that had happened to him. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna herself showed interest in the fate of the guardsman who became a hermit. But all that Ushakov wished for was monastic obedience. The royal person did not object to John, but wished that his monastic path would take place in St. Petersburg. In 1748, after three years of obedience at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, John took monastic vows under the name Theodore. The young monk was distinguished by his special piety and humility, and soon the laity reached out to him for a kind word and advice. Such popularity of John caused a lot of anger and envy among the monastery brethren, and written complaints, insults and prohibitions began to flow. Humbly enduring all the undeserved reproaches for several years, Theodore nevertheless decides to retire to the Sarov hermitage. Many of his disciples followed the monk, but the holy father, upon arrival in the hermitage, refused to lead them, since he received too painful a lesson in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Theodore goes to the abandoned Sanaksar desert, which at that time was in complete decline. Through the efforts of the elder, who became the abbot, the monastery in Sanaksar was restored, a new church was built, and forest and river lands were improved. Despite the strict order established by the monk in the monastery, ordinary people flocked to the monastery for inspiration and strengthening of their faith. But the slander again slandered Father Theodore, and the elder was exiled to Solovki, where he spent 9 years in strict confinement. Only after the highest permission of Empress Catherine, the monk was able to return to his native Sanaksar hermitage, where he died at the age of 73 in 1791. A few days after Theodore's death, it was noticed that the dead body did not decay and exuded a fragrance. The holy relics of the elder were recognized as miraculous. Many believers helped themselves and their loved ones through the power of prayer addressed to St. Theodore.

We use cookies on our site.