The UN Assembly in 2016 decided to raise people's awareness and draw their attention to the danger of a collision between the Earth and cosmic bodies. The date of this event was June 30, which falls annually on International Asteroid Day. An initiative group of astrophysicists, technologists, artists, musicians and other cultural figures compiled a special document - the “100X Declaration”. It sets out ideas for saving the planet from collisions with meteorites, comets and other celestial bodies. The declaration was signed by tens of thousands of citizens from different countries of the world. Do you know that...? The largest cluster of asteroids is located between Jupiter and Mars. Large meteorites have satellites, just like the planets of the solar system. Chariklo, an asteroid of Saturn, has its own rings. There is no atmosphere, regardless of the size, on any meteorite. On June 30, 1908, an extraordinary event occurred in Siberia - the fall of the Tunguska meteorite. The power of the explosion produced by it is estimated at 50 megatons, which is equal to the energy released by a hydrogen bomb. After the fall of the asteroid, a fire started in the area between the Tunguska and Lena rivers, killing many people and animals. The collision of a celestial body with the surface of the planet caused a glow that could be observed even by residents of the Atlantic coast of Europe. On the day of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite, the events of International Asteroid Day are held. Do you know that...? Scientists believe that dinosaurs became extinct due to a large meteorite hitting the Earth. Asteroids with a diameter of 10 km or more pose the greatest danger to our planet. In addition to the Tunguska meteorite, other celestial bodies also fell to Earth. In 1920, an asteroid that collided with the planet about 80,000 years ago was discovered in Namibia. In 1984, a Martian meteorite was found in Antarctica, about 4.5 billion years old. It is believed that it fell to Earth 13,000 years ago. Of the events of recent decades, the Chelyabinsk meteorite, which exploded over the city in February 2013, deserves special attention. Do you know that...? In 2001, for the first time in history, a spacecraft landed on an asteroid named Eros. It was the American drone "Shoemaker". The device, which spent almost a year in orbit of Eros, took dozens of unique photographs of its surface and collected information about the composition and structure of the celestial body. • achieve by 2027 the maximum number of meteorites discovered by scientists - 100 thousand pieces; • find, with the help of charitable public and private organizations, means for continuous monitoring of bodies flying in low-Earth orbit; • make International Asteroid Day a solemn date to raise people's awareness of the danger of a collision between the planet and celestial bodies and the possibilities of preventing it. Did you know that...? The trajectories of about 7,000 meteorites lie in relative proximity to the earth's orbit. Currently, scientists are developing programs for the extraction of minerals (nickel, iron, etc.) on asteroids. However, peaceful coexistence of earthlings with celestial bodies is still far away. International Asteroid Day, which is celebrated annually on June 30 in all countries of the world, is intended to draw attention to the danger of a collision and the importance of monitoring their movement.

Since 2010, World Social Media Day has been celebrated annually on June 30th. Web resources have revolutionized communication, bringing together Internet users from more than 200 countries. The holiday was created by the entertainment, cultural and news platform Mashable. The resource initiative was supported by IT industry professionals and ordinary account holders from all over the world. The widespread use of the World Wide Web has led to the creation of platforms for users to communicate. The first social network was Classmates.com, which appeared in America in 1995. It is still active and has about 50 million users from the USA, Canada and European countries. An analogue of the resource in Russia is the Odnoklassniki project, launched in 2006. The real boom and craze for networks all over the world occurred in 2003-2004. At this time, the largest platforms that are still popular are opened. One of them was LinkedIn, whose goal is to maintain and establish business contacts with users from hundreds of countries in 150 business sectors. During these same years, MySpace for rock musicians and Facebook began operating, which were used for self-expression, communication and creativity. Mark Zuckerberg's project began as a network for Harvard students, but gradually it became available to a wide audience, which sends up to 100 billion messages every day using the resource. Internet users also use blog hosting to realize their creative ambitions and exchange opinions. The very first, Livejournal.com (“Live Journal”), was opened in 1999. The portal hosts electronic diaries and discussions between subscribers and authors. LunarStorm has been an analogue of LiveJournal in Sweden since 2000, and Cyworld, founded in 2001, in Korea. Another blog hosting site is often compared to LiveJournal - the Twitter project, which appeared in 2006. In the same year, the social network Vkontakte was opened - the leader among network resources among users from the CIS countries. The platform is the most popular audio and video hosting on the RuNet. The Internet has introduced each other and united millions of users from many countries around the world. Social networks that exist in its vastness are used for various purposes: • for communication and information exchange - this function is especially important for people with disabilities, introverts and those who suffer from tension and psychological complexes during personal communication; • for work and distance learning; • for creative self-expression and entertainment - poems, photographs, videos, recipes, etc. are posted on the page; • to create a virtual “I” (self-presentation) - here a modest and shy man can transform into a brutal macho, and a girl with far from model appearance can appear before account visitors in the image of a Hollywood diva. Communication on social networks can be highly specialized. Thanks to Plaxo, users are engaged in career building and professional growth. On Autokadabra.ru, motorists exchange opinions, and on the Geni family resource, owners of 225 million profiles are looking for ancestors to create a family tree. Social networks play an important role in the lives of modern people who spend a lot of time in the digital space. It is estimated that the average person uses social media for 144 minutes per day. The appearance of an international holiday in honor of social networks is not accidental, which is why World Social Media Day is celebrated around the world on June 30th.

The criminal executive system, the penal system, is undoubtedly the most responsible division of the Ministry of Justice. People who decide to connect their fate with the executive system or some part or division of it perform serious, complex and sometimes dangerous work. The powers of the penitentiary system have a huge range. This is the protection and maintenance of law and order and legality in subordinate institutions and the safety of the people who are there. As well as the protection of objects and the unconditional, unconditional and exact execution of determinations, sentences and decisions in relation to convicted and detained persons. Any profession requires preparation, training, and certain skills, but work in the penal system is initially aimed at unique force majeure circumstances. And it would be correct to say that this is a profession where daily and difficult work runs along the razor’s edge in almost daily stressful situations. All personnel of the penal system are people who have undergone special high-level training and are psychologically prepared for daily risk. Every day, strictly and accurately carrying out the placement, transfers, escort or protection of persons who have violated the laws of the state, employees of the penal system perform important functions, protecting and being responsible for the peace of the peaceful and honest people of the country. In 2008, by order of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the day of the professional holiday for all divisions and employees of the security service of the penal system was determined - June 30. The date was chosen purposefully, since it was on this day, only in 1994, that the security service of the criminal executive system began to exist. Over the entire period, since 1994, many reforms, hardware changes and personnel changes have been carried out in the penal system service. However, the goal and objectives remained the same - reliable protection of prisoners and persons detained for certain reasons. Today, the structure of the executive system includes several departments: - Organizational. - Preparation and planning. - Dog handlers department. - Territorial convoy. - Special transportation, convoy and railway security. All departments are connected to each other by an invisible but strong thread, and the loss of one link has a negative impact on the other. But it is also absolutely impossible to single out a dominant department; they are all important at certain stages of work in a given profession. Without a well-thought-out organization, without clear planning and preparation, it is impossible to conduct a reliable and precise escort. Therefore, employees working in the penal system are aimed at responsibility, each at his post. On the holiday, June 30, ceremonial meetings and concerts are organized. Awards are held, certificates, diplomas and prizes are presented. On this day, veterans of the profession are honored. Many of the system's employees receive promotions. It remains to add that every year on March 12th the Day of Workers of the Russian Penitentiary System is celebrated.

UN holidays - International Day of Parliamentarism

Holidays of Belarus - Economist Day

According to the folk calendar, Manuylo and Savely are celebrated on June 30 (June 17, old style). The holiday is named after a church date - the day of veneration of the two martyred brothers Manuel and Savel. Also on this day the church honors their third brother Ismail. The brothers lived in Persia in the 4th century and adopted Christianity from their mother. When they grew up, they entered military service. Years later, Manuel, Ismail and Savel were sent as state advisers to conclude peace with the Roman emperor. However, there the pagan ruler Julian, having learned about their religion and refusal to sacrifice to the pagan gods, ordered the brothers to be tortured and then beheaded. The people paid special attention to two brothers - Manuel and Savel. On their day, before the advent of Christianity, Young Yarila, the god of warmth and fertility, was honored. The holiday itself was called Yarilka. In cities and villages, residents organized fairs, selling or buying seasonal products and products. After them, the cheerful people organized a party with songs and dances. There was a belief that on the day of Manuel and Savely the sun freezes in the sky, and evil spirits come out of hiding to harm the people. If fog rose above the clearing, they said that it was raised by evil. Sometimes human shadows suddenly appeared in the fog. It was forbidden to enter the white fog, otherwise the evil spirits could lure them into the swamps and drag them into the depths. On this date, evil spirits reincarnated as strangers or dead people, approached the windows in the evening, called the owners in a quiet voice and asked them to take out the fire. Therefore, it was forbidden to lend money to Manuil and Savely and take out matches, since it was possible to take the wealth out of the family. Invisible spirits that found their way into homes frightened residents with sharp sounds and made noise with objects at night. In case of unusual phenomena one should cross oneself and read a prayer. If a lost white cow appeared near the yard, it was forbidden to bring it into your barn. They believed that this is how unclean spirits penetrate people by reincarnating as cattle. By letting a cow into the barn, peasants could lose the milk yield of their livestock, and in the worst case, livestock could die from pestilence. On Manuil and Saveliy there was a tradition of lighting large bonfires on the banks of reservoirs. Eggs were set to boil over the fires and the plot was read. They believed that the ritual with boiled eggs would help poultry increase egg production. In addition, the fireplace drove away unclean spirits from the settlement. If on a given day you noticed stuffiness in the morning, you prepared for rain in the middle of the day. However, the falling rain foreshadowed a generous harvest for the peasants. Heavy precipitation promised a snowy winter. The burgundy sunset predicted strong winds the next day.

Orthodox holidays June 30:

Memorial Day of the Holy Martyrs Manuel, Savely and Ismail

Memorial Day of Hieromartyr Averky Severostokov