There are holidays that are important to many people, but they do not have state status. One of these days is Combat Veterans Day. Every year more and more people celebrate it. In 2009, a second name appeared - Day of Remembrance and Sorrow of Combat Veterans. On July 1, we remember those who fought in wars and local conflicts, fulfilling their civic duty. On this day we pay tribute to the veterans living in our neighborhood and remember those who gave their lives for the Fatherland. The idea of ​​creating a common holiday for all veterans has long been circulating among the participants. The desire to gather, remember fallen colleagues, and discuss pressing problems forces participants in conflicts to gather on one day, which is not tied to any holidays. This day has been celebrated informally since 2000. At the general meeting, veterans voted to celebrate the memorial date on the first day of July. Combat refers to all armed conflicts after 1945. The decision was recorded in the minutes of the meeting and sent along with an appeal to the Government of the Russian Federation. To date, the issue has not been resolved. The authorities believe that a similar holiday already exists - the Day of Remembrance of Russians who performed their official duties outside the Fatherland. It is celebrated on February 15th. But the veterans do not intend to give up. In their opinion, all parties to conflicts should be united by a common day. They do not consider it correct to combine the end date of the Afghan war with other conflicts. There is one more reason - on this day you can honor not only veterans of the Armed Forces, but also the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB. All veterans will be able to gather on one day and pay tribute to their fallen comrades. The fact that this day is celebrated in many regions speaks for giving status. In the capital, veterans gather on Poklonnaya Hill, lay bouquets at the monument to internationalist soldiers, and listen to performances by artists. In other settlements they bring flowers and wreaths to memorable places and memorials. Every year, the media pays attention to veterans, which helps recognize the holiday.

The decision to celebrate an important holiday for Buryatia on July 1 belonged to the parliament of the republic. The initiator of the approval of the holiday date was the Head of the Committee on Interethnic Relations, Mikhail Kharitonov. Khural deputies voted unanimously, and in 2011 the holiday acquired official status. In the scientific community, opinions are divided regarding the exact date of Buryatia's entry into Russia. Some believed that the countdown should start from 1661, i.e. from the moment of erection of the Verkhneudinsky fort. Opponents, on the contrary, referred to historical works and laws of the Russian Empire, where there is not a single mention of the act of annexation. However, there is a record in the archives that the first attempt at annexation was made in 1627 by the governor Beketov, whose campaign to collect taxes from the Buryats of Transbaikalia was successful and served as the beginning for the construction of a fort in Rybinsk. Nevertheless, the point of view of supporters of the first version was approved by the majority of scientists. The territory of Buryatia with its capital in Ulan-Ude resembles a crescent. This is one of the most remote republics from Moscow, located at a distance of about 5.5 thousand kilometers. The main significant objects are the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Railway. The republic is recognized as a widely known world-class resort, and is a real tourist Mecca, located in the east of the country. The natural treasure of Buryatia is Lake Baikal. There are many amazingly beautiful national parks and the largest biosphere reserves in Barguzin and Lake Baikal. On this day, mass celebrations and processions take place on the streets of the republic, although the day is not an official holiday. Historical films and documentaries are broadcast on television, as well as “live broadcasts” from Buryatia in a reportage format. General education lectures are given to schoolchildren and students, they talk about traditions and origins. International and domestic organizations organize thematic presentations and conferences where they discuss the level and further development strategy of Buryatia, as well as the effective promotion of the tourism sector.

Jamaica is famous not only for its coral beaches and rum. This island nation located in the Caribbean is the birthplace of reggae. The direction of modern music became popular in the early 70s of the last century. Guitarist, composer and singer Bob Marley is considered the brightest representative of reggae. The genre, which is a synthesis of the music of Latin America, Jamaica and rhythm and blues, has millions of fans around the world. International Reggae Day is celebrated on July 1st every year. In honor of International Reggae Day in the country's capital, Kingston, music sounds from everywhere: from the open windows of houses, cars, pubs and cafes. The festival lasts 24 hours, during which popular ensembles give concerts and performers playing reggae music. Fans of the style have been coming to Kingston from all over the world on July 1 since 1994. It was this year that the International Reggae Day was held for the first time on the initiative of the Jamaica Arts Holdings association. Reggae as a term translated from Spanish means "royal music". Not only Bob Marley, but also Jimmy Cliff, Peter Tosh, Winston Rodney, Damian Marley, Lee Perry and other Jamaican performers reached the heights of excellence in it. Reggae is not only music, but also an entire culture associated with Rastafarianism. It is based on the ideas of equality and brotherhood of people. The religious movement, a mixture of Christianity and Judaism, formed the basis of one of the varieties of the genre - the Rocksteady style. This slow music is somewhat similar to meditation melodies and religious texts that resemble church singing. According to authors and performers, the essence of reggae lies in the positive vibrations it transmits to the public. The melody, which can be heard in a pub in Berlin and a nightclub in Thailand, brings people together with its measured rhythm and smooth sound. Reggae calms, uplifts and heals the soul. This music can be danceable, pacifying, and protest at the same time, following the traditions of African culture, in which melody, rhythm and dance exist along with other phenomena and events of life. Bob Marley's reggae carried a powerful social charge, urging listeners not to forget their roots and past. Tunes in this genre are often perceived as the voice of an oppressed people who are being indoctrinated into white man culture. Bob Marley said: “I believe that racism, evil and hatred can be cured with music.” Reggae compositions feature electric and bass guitars, drums, electric organ, and rarely a group of wind instruments. It's no secret that in the ghetto of Kingston, a hotbed of drug addiction, gangsterism and prostitution, gun shots are often heard. To convey them in reggae, a specific guitar technique is used - skengay (skeng translates as “pistol” or “knife with rattle”). Thus, the music reflects the realities of life in the slums of the capital of Jamaica. During the celebration of International Reggae Day, fans not only enjoy the performance of famous musical groups. Tourists visit the Bob Marley Museum and take lessons from masters in classic Jamaican dance halls. Anyone who didn't have time to come to Kingston on July 1st shouldn't be upset. They have the chance to attend the famous reggae festival Sumfest, which lasts a week and takes place in mid-July in the tourist capital of the island, Montego Bay. Celebrating International Reggae Day is an opportunity to enjoy listening to positive and soothing dance music, learn about the views and lifestyle of Rastafarians, followers of Rastafarianism. In 2018, reggae was inscribed on UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage. This speaks to the recognition of the style, born under the scorching sun of Jamaica, as a unique phenomenon that has had a great influence on musical trends around the world.

On Mondays, it is customary to start life anew - go on a diet, quit smoking or start playing sports. On New Year's Eve, December 31, people set themselves tasks and goals that they plan to achieve over the next 365 days. July 1 is one of the significant milestones that draws a line under the past 6 months. The day of the second half of the year is an excellent occasion to look back and appreciate the 183-day journey already covered. Second Half of the New Year Day is a fun holiday that makes you think about serious things. Have you implemented everything you planned before the new year? Have you reached your desired heights in your career? Have you resolved your family problems? Have you achieved mutual understanding with your work colleagues? These and other questions should be answered on July 1 - at the reference point from which the second half of the year will begin. The ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus said: “Everything flows, everything changes.” Indeed, life does not stand still. Together with the circumstances and the world around him, the person himself changes. And therefore, what was considered very important and necessary yesterday may become irrelevant today or tomorrow. Clearly defined tasks and goals, of course, structure any activity and help achieve results. But sometimes plans have to change. A man who dreams of buying a car in the fall may be surprised to learn that the manufacturer released a new product in March that is superior to previous models in all respects. A woman who was planning to marry X in the New Year meets Y on vacation and falls madly in love. A teenager who dreamed of becoming a master of sports in tennis is suddenly surprised to discover volleyball and now wants to reach maximum heights in this sport. If needs and life guidelines have changed, then plans for the future need to be adjusted. This is why the Day of the Second Half of the Year was invented. The pace of life of a modern person is incomparable with the measured rhythm of human existence in the middle of the last century. At that time, scientific and technological progress did not develop at such a breakneck speed as it does today. And life itself in the 50s was more stable, measured and unhurried. On New Year's Eve, wishes were made, the fulfillment of which often took not 365 days, but much more. Today's age of speed dictates its own conditions, requiring us to make decisions quickly, quickly react and be able to maneuver in constantly changing circumstances. The tradition of making wishes for the New Year and setting goals for yourself, of course, should not be neglected. But it is still necessary to assess the relevance of previously made plans in Second Half of the New Year Day. “Everything in the middle looks like a failure” - this wise expression should not be forgotten when assessing the results of the half of the year. If you do not take into account that only part of the plan was implemented by July 1, and it will take time for the efforts to bear fruit, you can become despondent. But you shouldn't do this. In this sense, the Day of the Second Half of the Year helps answer the question: “Is the glass of water half full or half empty?” As you celebrate the fun holiday, remember that the remaining 183 days are still ahead. This means there is no reason to panic, because in order to fall, the apple needs to ripen.

International Joke Day has no official status, but more and more people celebrate it on July 1 every year. The holiday originated in the USA and gradually spread to other countries. This is a great reason to share good emotions with others, cheer them up, make them smile or laugh. Unlike April 1, International Joke Day is not an occasion to make fun of someone, but to make them laugh and cheer them up. According to ancient beliefs, July 1 is considered the day of rampant evil spirits. And laughter serves as a talisman against it. After all, the main weapon of evil spirits is human fear, and it’s difficult to be afraid of what makes you laugh. Fun also has other, more practical, functions. So sincere laughter: • Has a general strengthening effect on the body, has a beneficial effect on all systems, in particular the immune system. It’s not for nothing that they say that laughter is the cure for all diseases. • Relieves nervous tension, reduces stress and anxiety. Serves as a prevention of psychological problems and even some mental illnesses. • Improves the cardiovascular system, increases the body's endurance. • Improves the functioning of the respiratory system. • Speeds up metabolism and promotes weight loss. This doesn't mean that watching your favorite comedian can replace going to the gym, but laughter makes the process of losing weight easier. Laughing just 10 minutes a day can burn 40-50 calories. Thus, in a year you will be able to lose 2 kilograms. • Improves brain activity. It has already been proven that only people with sufficiently high intelligence can perceive jokes and make jokes themselves. There is also an inverse relationship - listening to jokes helps build neural connections, that is, it actually trains the brain. • Brings people together, forms informal relationships. Families in which there is frequent laughter turn out to be stronger, capable of productively resolving conflict situations and coping with life's difficulties. • Helps you move up the career ladder. The ability to laugh at yourself and the situation allows you to quickly find a common language with colleagues and management. 11% of US employers even list a good sense of humor as a desirable quality for a future employee. They are convinced that such people are not only pleasant to talk to, but also productive. We've found out how useful humor is, but how to celebrate joke day? There are no clear criteria, the main thing is that everyone has fun. Here are some celebration options: 1. Tell a few jokes to a friend, family member, or work colleague. This is especially important if a person is not in the best mood, is simply tired or needs friendly participation. 2. Organize a themed party with your friends. On it you can take turns telling jokes, anecdotes, and playing relaxing board or outdoor games. 3. Post some funny stories on your social media pages and invite your friends to do the same. 4. Watch a new or well-known old comedy, humor show, or comedian's performance. It is important that jokes are appropriate, non-offensive and unambiguous. Their perception largely depends on the situation. An appropriate joke in a group of friends may be negatively perceived by colleagues. And a professional-related joke may simply not be understood by friends who work in other fields. Therefore, you always need to think through the possible reaction of the audience. This, by the way, will additionally contribute to the development of logic and emotional intelligence.

One of the fun holidays that has been celebrated on July 1 since 2018 is Sunglasses Invention Day. Why exactly this date was chosen for the celebration in honor of the fashion accessory, history is silent. It is known that the purpose of the holiday is to draw attention to the benefits brought by this eye device and its creators. People have been using this accessory to protect their eyeballs from exposure to ultraviolet radiation for quite some time. Glasses were worn by Eskimos who, protecting themselves from the sun reflecting from snow and ice, polished the bones of wild animals, making slits in them for viewing. An accessory with smoky quartz lenses was used in Ancient China by judges who wanted to hide their eyes from witnesses and defendants. Emperor Nero watched the battles of Roman gladiators through a polished emerald, which was fixed in the center of his golden wreath - a symbol of power and military triumph. Another commander, Napoleon, was concerned about protecting the eyes of his army's soldiers from the sun. For them, by order of Bonaparte, glasses with lenses coated with varnish and soot were made. Later, European craftsmen began to use cobalt oxide to darken glass. This is interesting: In 2010, Nike Hindsigh sunglasses were released for cyclists and motorcyclists with a view of 25° more than the usual 180°. Their glasses, a hybrid of regular and Fresnel lenses, allow you to see with peripheral vision what is usually inaccessible to the human eye. The history of modern sunglasses dates back to 1752. At this time, the English optician James Ayscough managed to create lenses in green and blue colors, but the accessory was not put into mass production. The inventor sold only 2 pairs of these glasses. The fact that ultraviolet radiation harms the eye lens was noticed at the end of the 19th century. Swiss ophthalmologist Albert Vogt. From that moment on, the development of lenses that blocked solar radiation began, which were completed by the end of the 30s of the twentieth century. mass production of products under the Foster Grant brand. This is interesting: Glasses can be used as a charger for gadgets. This accessory has translucent solar panels on the lenses and a USB port. In the future, scientists plan to use this technology to create window glass that generates electricity. Sunglasses for dogs, wooden eco-models with thin horizontal slits for the eyes, the idea of ​​which was borrowed from the Eskimos, and items made of pure gold - this is not a complete list of accessories that amaze with their originality. Frames of unusual shapes, production materials and colors help women and men create an individual style and fashionable look. The accessory, which is always at the peak of fashion, adds mystery and enigma to the image, it is no coincidence that in the USA it is called suncheaters ("solar scammers"), not to mention protecting the eyes from UV radiation. Paying tribute to this important and useful product, people all over the world celebrate the Invention of Sunglasses Day on July 1st.

International Cooperative Day is celebrated every first Saturday in July. The date was approved by UN General Assembly resolution No. 47/90 of December 16, 1992. The British are considered to be the pioneers in the development of the cooperative movement, namely a group of weavers from Rochdale, through whose efforts the first consumer cooperative was founded in 1844. Fifty years later, the International Cooperative Union was created in London, which became a non-governmental organization that worked closely with the UN. In 1995, the centenary of the International Cooperative Association was celebrated. The holiday is celebrated by employees and members of various types of cooperatives: housing, dacha, agricultural, fishing, credit, even garage. He is also considered by shareholders, workers of consumer cooperation and veterans of this industry. Translated from Latin, cooperation means cooperation. Therefore, cooperation is characterized by such vital priorities as mutual assistance, solidarity, responsibility and justice. The celebration of International Cooperative Day aims to attract the attention of ordinary people to cooperatives, to show the role they play in strengthening partnerships between governmental and non-governmental organizations and the cooperative movement. Statistics show that cooperative communities are less likely to experience setbacks and business failures than ordinary corporations and small businesses. Their failure rate is 10% versus 60-80% for other forms of enterprises after the first year of operation. Like most international holidays, International Cooperative Day has its own motto, which identifies pressing issues for a particular year that need to be addressed and resolved. In many countries, thematic events are held to familiarize the population with information about the types and work of cooperatives and their importance to society. And among the cooperators themselves, a search is being carried out for the weak points of their professional activities, and a search for innovative solutions to eliminate them. Meetings of the heads of leading cooperatives are held, where discussions are held, the topics of which are unity and equality of opportunity in partnership practice and the activities of cooperatives, and ways of their implementation for the benefit of the entire world community.

On the first Saturday of July, an unusual environmental holiday is celebrated - International Dnieper Day. The length of this majestic river, sung by many poets and writers, was originally 2285 km. Numerous canals, dams and other hydraulic structures have changed the course of the river, and now its length has been reduced to 2201 km. The river passes through three Slavic states, which are Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Due to the consumer and thoughtless use of the Dnieper's resources, a number of environmental problems arose that had to be urgently addressed. Therefore, several years ago, the Council at the State Water Agency of Ukraine made a proposal to the Verkhovna Rada and the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, and the authorities of the states through whose territory the Dnieper flows, to appoint an official Dnieper Day, which was planned to be celebrated on July 7. In addition, the Council also put forward a proposal for a joint celebration of Dnieper Day with neighboring countries - Russia and Belarus. This holiday is relatively young, it was established only in 2002, and was first celebrated in 2003, but it has not yet received official status; this issue has not been resolved since 2011. While an official decision on this issue is being developed, the holiday is celebrated unofficially on the first Saturday of the second summer month. The purpose of the festival is to attract public attention to problems such as water pollution, swamping of parts of water areas, the gradual breakdown of hydraulic structures and, of course, the search for solutions to these environmental problems. Celebrations dedicated to this day take place in settlements located along the Dnieper. On this day, environmental events are organized, festivals and educational and entertainment events are held. Activists carry out educational work among the population, urge people to take care of the environment, not to pollute the coastline during recreation, not to destroy plants, and remind them of the need to pick up trash after themselves and put out fires. Everything possible is being done to ensure that not only guests and tourists passing by, but also all people have a beautiful view of this majestic river, and not of the coastline “decorated” with garbage.

The events in the novel “Crime and Punishment” take place in St. Petersburg in early July 1865. That year there was intense heat in the city, which was reflected in the work dedicated to the mental turmoil of the student Raskolnikov, who killed the old pawnbroker. An unusual space is created in the novel - an unreal world invented by the author, which is known to admirers of his talent as Dostoevsky's Petersburg. It is filled with fogs, ghosts, an atmosphere of hopelessness and the madness of the characters. The city on the Neva, in the writer’s understanding, is the concentration of a diabolical civilization that has a negative impact on humans. Therefore, Raskolnikov committed his terrible crime, admitting guilt and ending up in hard labor. Paying tribute to the talent of the great Russian writer, since 2009 an unusual holiday has been held in the Northern capital. On the first Saturday of July, Dostoevsky Day is celebrated here. It is one of the most popular cultural events in St. Petersburg that occurs in the summer. In honor of the holiday, the city on the Neva organizes exhibitions and film screenings, performances and excursions, lectures and quests that are related to the plot of “Crime and Punishment.” The program of events includes a visit to the apartment-museum of F.M. Dostoevsky and laying flowers at his grave. Participants of the holiday are invited to visit the cultural space “Where is Granny?”, located in the apartment of an old money-lender. Literary readings are held in the city, at which excerpts from the writer’s works are heard, where one of the characters is St. Petersburg: “The Idiot”, “Crime and Punishment”, “Teenager”, “The Brothers Karamazov”. The program of events changes every year. Thus, in 2021 the holiday was dedicated to the 200th anniversary of F.M. Dostoevsky. In honor of the anniversary, the KUKFO theater puppets floated along the canals at midnight, plunging the city into the gloomy and tense atmosphere of the writer’s works. For residents and guests of the city, volunteers of the Dostoevsky Museum conduct excursions through the streets of the Northern capital in early July. They talk about the fate of the writer, the torment and suffering of the heroes of his works, conveyed through the prism of St. Petersburg in the mid-19th century. with a tense atmosphere full of pain and grief. Hunger, terrible need and poverty reaching the point of poverty are the causes of physical suffering and mental torment of the people of that time. Dostoevsky Day is also a celebration of performance. On the first Saturday of July, famous characters and the writer himself walk along the city streets under the summer sun with Pushkin, Turgenev and other classics of Russian literature. Heroes of Dostoevsky’s works can be found at this time on the streets of Moscow, which takes over the baton of the holiday from the cultural capital of Russia.

Funny Holidays - International Cherry Pit Spitting Day

The birth of a baby is a joyful event for his parents and family members. Not all children are born on time - 9 months after conception. Some babies appear earlier than expected. Doctors call premature babies early risers. Doctors have learned to care for babies weighing 500 grams and 22 weeks of age and older, although a few years ago they were called “live-born fetuses.” In honor of children who hastened to be born, a holiday with a touching name was established. July 1 is Early Bird Day. Scientific progress and the development of modern medicine have meant that babies survive in the most adverse circumstances, including being born prematurely. For them, stores sell miniature diapers and clothes, pacifiers and pacifiers. In order to preserve life, doctors carry out rehabilitation measures, put children in nursing boxes, and provide moral support to parents. In premature babies with extremely low body weight, internal organs and the central nervous system are not fully formed, and there are pathologies and developmental deviations. Therefore, many of the early risers eventually become disabled due to intrauterine diseases, oxygen deficiency during childbirth, and the body’s inability to adapt to new realities - meeting the world much earlier than expected. Early Bird Day was established to raise public awareness about the problems of premature babies. Frequent developmental disorders in early birds are cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Japanese scientists conducted research and came to the conclusion that before the 23rd week, a child weighing less than 500 grams is born with severe brain damage that has no development prospects to ensure normal life activities. Therefore, in the future, such children cannot be taught to count and read, nor can they develop fine motor skills and associative thinking. A premature baby opens its eyes when it should still be in the dark in the womb. This leads to retinal detachment and blindness. Today, such early birds are nursed in wards where bright lights are turned off and the incubators are covered with blankets. Thanks to the professionalism of doctors, prematurely born children will eventually catch up with the physical and mental development of their healthy peers. In honor of Early Bird Day, lectures, seminars and other educational events are held. Children born ahead of schedule are monitored dynamically. On July 1, doctors invite former patients and their parents to maternity hospitals and perinatal centers, where babies receive gifts provided by charitable organizations.

July Day in Bulgaria is a relatively young holiday; it was first celebrated in the 80s of the last century. At some point, the Bulgarians developed a sweet and unusual tradition - to spend every first day of July on the sea coast, admiring the sunrise. This should definitely be done to the song of the Uriah Heep group of the same name - “July Morning”. Thanks to active youth, the holiday has gained immense popularity among the local population. July Day appeared for a reason - the tradition of celebrating the dawn with the song of a popular British band marked the protest of Bulgarians against communist power. Initially, people who were close in spirit and seeking to gain freedom gathered on the seashore. They admired the rising sun, believing that a wonderful future would soon come for every person taking part in the event. Today it is difficult to say how powerful the ideological basis of the holiday was. Of course, many people actually gathered to express their protest, but there were also many who were simply having fun in pleasant company, relaxing on the picturesque shore of the Black Sea. Soon the communist regime in Bulgaria “decided to live long”, and it was already pointless to protest against it. Despite this, the holiday was preserved, slightly changing its idea. At some point, hippies joined the movement, eventually completely “privatizing” the fun and unique holiday. The tradition of gathering on the sea coast to meet the first June sunrise was preserved, however, there was no longer talk of any overthrow of the regime. Many modern hippies now have no idea about exactly how and why their beloved July Morning was born. Naturally, the holiday desperately needed a certain ideology that would give it meaning, and it was not long in coming. Now the main meaning and purpose of the day of July is to be inspired by the first summer sun rays, which symbolize new life, and to praise them to the sounds of a cult song. Many people love July Morning only because thanks to it they have every reason to escape from the stuffy city, forget about civilization for a while and simply celebrate the arrival of the long-awaited summer. Meeting the first rays of the sun should be outside the city, and this is a prerequisite for celebrating July. Admirers of the tradition also have their own favorite place - the village of Kamen Bryag, located not far from Kavarna, in the easternmost point of the country. The place was not chosen by chance, because it is here that the sunrise can be seen the earliest. Since the holiday is very popular among Bulgarians, there are many picturesque corners where you can watch the sunrise on the first day of summer. Many of them have become venues for festivals featuring popular bands. Now, to take part in the July Morning celebration, you don’t have to go to the east of the country; you can do this anywhere on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The main thing is to take with you a good mood, and also to sincerely believe that meeting the sun on July Day will definitely be the beginning of a new and happy stage in life.

Russian Holidays - Tax Crime Department Employee's Day

The holiday Day of Architecture of Ukraine arose thanks to the creativity and initiative of architects and urban planners who influenced the adoption of a special Decree in 1995. Then President L. Kuchma set the official date of celebration on July 1, coinciding it with the world holiday. After World War II, the public appreciated the contribution of people of this profession to the restoration and revival of buildings, enterprises and entire cities. In 1946, World Architecture Day was established. But a year later, since a similar holiday appeared in Ukraine, its date at the 20th UN Assembly was moved from July 1 to the first Monday of October, combining it with the holiday of housing. Therefore, now the first day of July belongs undividedly to the “frozen music” of Ukraine, striking in its diversity from temple construction to unique Baroque and Renaissance palaces, harmoniously existing next to modern masterpieces. And the country's capital reflects this most significantly. On a special day, connoisseurs of architectural masterpieces will appreciate the diverse architecture of Ukraine. Its historical component dates back centuries, dating back to the times of Ancient Rus' (IX-X centuries). More ancient monuments have not survived, since they were made of wood, except for the foundation of the Tithe Church built in 988-996. But with the advent of Byzantine influence in the form of the spread of Christianity, everything changed. The majestic St. Sophia Cathedral is the best example of that time (1017-1022). Another historical character who, like Prince Vladimir, influenced the architecture of Ukraine is Vladislav Jagiello. Being an ardent Christian, he not only converted subordinate countries to religion, but also ordered the construction of Catholic churches. The Latin Cathedral is the first representative of cathedral Gothic, the foundation of which was laid in 1360. The historical center of Lviv is a special place for admirers of antiquity and authentic urban landscapes; It is even included in the UNESCO heritage list. It is impossible not to note the main residence of Ukrainian presidents - the Mariinsky Palace, designed by Rastrelli in his recognizable majestic Baroque style, by order of Elizabeth I. It received its name from the name of Empress Maria, wife of Alexander II, by whose will it was reconstructed in 1870 after the fires. Another Maria, the mother of Emperor Nicholas II, managed a sanitary center here during the First World War and here she learned about her son’s abdication of the throne. The years of the Civil War and World War II influenced the appearance of the palace, which was restored in 1980. Currently, the renovation has been ongoing since 2006, and for a longer period of time than the construction process took for Rastrelli. Some historical and architectural monuments were irretrievably lost during the Great Patriotic War. During the years of socialism, Soviet architects implemented interesting solutions for the special appearance of Ukrainian cities and restored many buildings destroyed by the war. The style of Soviet monumentalism, of which there is quite a lot in Kyiv, with baroque, classical features and pompous scales, is suitable for placing government, administrative, and departmental structures. The most striking reference examples are the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on St. Michael's Square, the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers in the House of People's Commissars, and the Presidential Administration. The theme of space exploration had a strong influence in the Soviet years, giving Ukraine interesting buildings - the Research Institute built in 1971, the Kiev crematorium, and the Salyut Hotel. An amazing architectural project is the Dnepropetrovsk Summer Theater, which has the shape of a “hypar” - a hyperbolic paraboloid. The modern appearance of Ukraine is in the hands of people of that profession, whose merits, according to a special Decree, are summed up on July 1st. On this day, the traditional awarding of State Prizes and certificates of honor to those who contributed to the architecture of Ukraine takes place. Members of the public do not ignore this day. Thematic classes have been prepared for the holiday, which introduce the younger generation to the profession of an architect; exhibitions, competitions, book presentations in city museums and libraries.

Holidays in Kyrgyzstan - Tax Worker Day

Holidays in Armenia - Prosecutor's Day

China is an amazing country with a centuries-old history, a rich, unique culture and an ancient civilization. The traditions of the people began to form 3000 thousand years ago, most of them remain unchanged to this day. The Chinese are respectful of their culture. It is customary to spend holidays with your loved ones and relatives. An interesting fact is that it is not customary to celebrate birthdays. Holidays are: national, national and traditional (celebrated according to the lunar calendar). Every year in the summer, China celebrates the national holiday “Establishment Day of the Communist Party.” The holiday is one of the most important events in the country and was initially celebrated very widely. Recently, only events organized by the government have been held: ceremonial meetings and concerts, and one can find mentions in the media. The holiday lasts one day and there are no additional days off. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in 1921 in Shanghai under the influence of the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia. He supported the Comintern party. The CCP came to power after the Civil War. The leader from 1921 to 1927 was Chen Duxiu. The goal of the party was to build socialism in the country. Li Dazhao played an important role in the party. He organized the first Marxist circles in the country. Today the party is the leading one in the country and is considered one of the largest in the world. The CPC bases its activities on the ideas of Marxism-Leninism and is guided by the ideas of Mao Zedong and the theory of Jiang Zemin. The party has more than 88 million members. Any Chinese citizen over 18 years of age can join the party. The most important condition is an impeccable biography. The final goal of the party is to build communism in the country. The party has been led by Xi Jinping since 2012.

Canadian Holidays - Canada Day (Canada Day, Dominion Day)

Yarilin's Day, also called the Top of Summer, is popularly celebrated on July 1 (June 18, old style). The ancient holiday is dedicated to honoring the god Yarila, and the Top of Summer date was named from the peak of mid-summer - the hottest time. Since ancient times, the Slavic people have glorified Yarila as one of the most powerful gods. He was considered the patron saint of fertility, family and love, often portraying Yarila as a young, handsome hero. In translation, the name of God meant power, strength. With his arrival, warm days began, and at the height of summer, he caressed the earth with warmth and gave strength to plants, so the peasants called crops planted in the spring and summer season spring crops. With the advent of Christianity, the holiday was celebrated with less intensity. They believed that on this day all the saints measured their strength with the god of fertility, but Yarila always won. We also observed unusual phenomena - the sun froze in the sky, openings to the other world opened. To see what was happening in them, the girls wove strong birch branches into their hair and peered into them from the high bank of the river at noon. It was believed that on Yarilin's day dew had healing powers that endowed all living things with health. In the morning, residents washed themselves with dew, walked on it barefoot, allowed their children to roll in the dew, and took their cattle out into it. Herbs were also endowed with beneficial properties on this day. They were collected in the forest and meadows, dried in the attic, and then tea was brewed from them. It was believed that such tea could cure various ailments. They drank it with honey and gingerbread, while wealthier residents drank it with sugar or jam. On Yarilin's day, peasants mowed grass and prepared it for winter. In addition, it was customary to change the grass in mattresses by adding aromatic herbs to them: chamomile, clover, weeping grass, tansy. Thistle, also used to ward off evil spirits, gave a pleasant smell. And to drive away parasites from homes, wormwood was added to mattresses. There was a tradition on this day to go to fairs and visit people. After sunset, the peasants lit fires, arranging dances and gatherings around them. The men fought and measured their strength. Unmarried girls wondered about their betrothed. If low fog was noticed on Yarilin's day, then good weather was expected. An abundance of dew was observed to coincide with a generous millet harvest. The pink sunset foreshadowed the heat the next day. Crows circling high in the sky promised a change in the weather for the worse.

Orthodox holidays on July 1:

On July 1 (June 18, old style), Christians remember the martyrs Leontius, Hypatius and Theodulus. Leontius was the military commander in Tripoli. Local residents respected him for his courage and prudence, his reading and education. Leonty helped the poor and suffering people. The man professed Christianity, he persuaded many pagans to abandon idolatry. One day, Senator Adrian was informed that his military leader was preaching Christianity. Then the ruler sent the tribune Hypatius to arrest the preacher. Hypatius fell ill with a fever on the way and no longer hoped to survive. In his delirium, an angel in white robes appeared to him, proclaiming that in order to be healed, the patient needed to praise the god of that same Leontius three times. Hypatius, sent to arrest Leontius, hesitated for a long time. Then he told his squad of soldiers about the strange vision, among whom was his close comrade Theodulus. He persuaded Hypatius to submit to the will of the angel. The man, wanting to recover, followed his friend’s request and was immediately healed. Theodul, filled with surprise and delight, became imbued with Christianity and persuaded his friend to go in search of Leontius to give him praise and gratitude. They left the military detachment and set out. At the gates to the city, the friends met a stranger who sheltered them and generously treated them. It turned out that it was Leonty. Theodulus and Hypatius immediately received baptism from him. After the sacrament, a cloud appeared over the baptized and blessed rain fell. The detachment of soldiers left by Hypatius reached Tripoli, and soon the ruler arrived there. Having learned that his will was not carried out, Adrian, in a rage, ordered Hypatius, Theodulus and Leontius to be brought. The captured trio were intimidated in every possible way, ordered to renounce their faith, and subjected to terrible torture. However, the passion-bearers remained steadfast in their faith. Being imprisoned together, the three martyrs talked a lot about the Lord and the miracles he performed. These conversations gave strength to the new Christians. After another refusal to renounce Christ, Hypatius and Theodulus had their heads cut off. Leonty was beaten to death and his body was thrown outside the city. There the warrior was picked up by Christians and buried according to all the canons of his faith. A temple was later built in his honor at the burial site. Particles of the relics of Leontius are found in Greece, Russia, and Israel. On the day of remembrance of the passion-bearers, churches hold services in their honor. The clergy also read a special kontakion dedicated to the martyr Leontius of Tripoli. For a long time, peasants associated this church holiday with the beginning of the grain harvest and began to prepare tools for field work.

Feast of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God