Brewer's Day is an industry holiday. Celebrated every year on the second Saturday of the first summer month. The holiday is quite young: the decision to establish it was made on January 23, 2003 by the Council of the Union of Russian Brewers. It is possible that over time, this holiday will become the Russian answer to Oktoberfest. But so far its traditions are only in the formative stage. But his tasks are clear and understandable. It is designed to improve the culture of consumption of the foamy drink, increase the prestige and significance of the brewer’s profession. All the prerequisites exist for this. During archaeological excavations on the territory of Novgorod the Great, several birch bark letters were discovered. They mentioned an ancient drink based on honey and beer - perevar. They, along with malt and hops, were paid a certain part of the tribute. At the end of the 15th century, royal decrees appeared that contained a ban on brewing beer by “anyone and everyone.” Only the state could do this. Peter the Great invited the best European brewers to Russia, and beer began to be considered also a medicine. Industrial brewing began to develop at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. At the same time, the largest factories were located in St. Petersburg, and numerous Moscow breweries were mostly private. In the 30s of the last century, the most popular types of beer of that period were developed in the Soviet Union: “Zhigulevskoe”, “Moskovskoe”, “Martovskoe” and others. With the collapse of the USSR, domestic brewing, like other industries, experienced a significant decline in production. The revival of this market occurred only with the arrival of foreign investors. Currently, the total number of breweries in Russia is approaching 600. More than fifty of them are large. Russian Brewer's Day has not yet acquired a sufficiently wide range of traditions. It is celebrated mainly within individual enterprises. There are a variety of sports and entertainment events, concerts, competitions and tastings. It’s not complete without awarding the best workers in the brewing industry – true professionals in their field.

Furniture Maker's Day is an unofficial professional holiday for everyone whose specialty is related to interior items. It is celebrated by all representatives of the Russian furniture industry on the second Saturday of June. High-quality furniture is considered one of the main attributes of modern comfortable life. It is difficult to imagine your everyday life without chairs, tables and sofas, which are regularly used at work, leisure and at home. Interior items should not only be comfortable, practical and durable, but also have an attractive design. Currently, a large number of furniture products are produced and sold in our state. Thanks to this, each consumer has the opportunity to choose an option taking into account personal preferences and financial capabilities. The development of the furniture industry is happening much faster than other domestic sectors. Russian factories produce products of impeccable quality, keeping pace with European manufacturers. At annual international exhibitions, traditionally taking prizes, they receive honorary awards. The first interior items appeared in the era of primitive people. This was especially true for communities living in cold climates and requiring indoor space. During the production of products, natural wood was used, which has high strength, low weight and can be easily processed. At first, pieces of wood were used for these purposes, the shape of which most closely resembled an item needed in everyday life. Furniture of that era served only a functional purpose. No attention was paid to her appearance. Russian craftsmen made a significant contribution to the development of the furniture industry. Our products were distinguished by their unique originality, where Russian traditions were clearly visible. Our ancestors lived in harsh climatic conditions, their houses were heated with stoves, and their families were mostly large. In Ancient Rus', artisans specialized in furniture production. There were no random objects in the interior of the hut - only all the essentials for life. Square and oval stools were called “chair” and “stolets”. They were used not only as sitting, but also for sleeping. Benches and benches were made of two types: stationary and portable. The first ones were located along the walls of the house and were often used to store all kinds of utensils. Traditional chests in the interior of the hut appeared much later. On this holiday, employees of the furniture industry accept sincere congratulations. In addition, many companies organize corporate parties. Since the date falls on the first month of summer, out-of-town picnics are often organized, and sports and entertainment events are held. Every year the holiday becomes more popular and larger-scale. Long gone are the days when apartments were filled with the same type of boring furniture. Modern stores offer products for every taste and budget.

Mass sales of the favorite dessert of adults and children made from dairy products started on June 10, 1786. In honor of this event, ice cream lovers established World Ice Cream Day. The initiators of the holiday were the American company Ben & Jerry’s, or rather two young men - Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield. After completing culinary courses, the friends opened an ice cream parlor, which, to their surprise, quickly became popular. In honor of their anniversary, they decided to give away free treats. This is how the tradition of celebrating World Ice Cream Day began. World Ice Cream Day traditions are very diverse. In honor of the holiday, tastings, ice cream festivals and competitions with prize drawings are held. On June 10, excursions are organized to enterprises producing ice cream, popsicles, sorbets and other frozen desserts. Manufacturers also present new types of ice cream, and consumers post photos of their favorite delicacy on the Internet. The ice cream recipe was known to people 4 thousand years ago. In Ancient China and Antiquity, snow and pieces of ice were added to crushed fruits. Hippocrates recommended eating ice cream to strengthen the immune system. In the Middle Kingdom they made a mixture of ice, rice and milk, and the recipe for the dessert was kept a great secret. After his campaign in Persia and India, Alexander the Great liked the taste of ice cream so much that to prepare this dessert, slaves delivered ice and snow from the mountain peaks to the commander. For Nero, snow was brought from the Alps to prepare frozen juices; ice cellars were built for its storage. Napoleon Bonaparte was also known as a fan of this sweet. Even during his exile in Augur 1815 on the island of St. Helena, the French emperor was brought a device for making ice cream. It is believed that Europe learned about the delicacy at the turn of the 13th-14th centuries thanks to Marco Polo’s travels to China. However, in Kievan Rus they began to prepare ice cream much earlier. It was served to the table in the form of finely shaved frozen milk. But on Maslenitsa they made another similar dessert, the recipe of which included a mixture of frozen sour cream, cottage cheese, raisins and sugar. English settlers brought ice cream recipes to America. In 1774, British entrepreneur Philip Lenzi said that he arrived from London with recipes for various desserts. Among them was something as rare as ice cream. And although the first refrigeration machines for its preparation were patented in the USA in 1848, the delicacy went on sale much earlier - in 1786. At the beginning of the twentieth century. invented the popsicle, and in 1919 - eskimo pie: chocolate-glazed ice cream, which was called “Eskimo pie”. In parallel with this, ice cream, sorbet and other types of dessert appeared. Ice cream production technology is constantly being improved, new recipes, brands and manufacturers are appearing. Not all fans of the delicacy buy it in the store - many make their favorite dessert at home. The world's population consumes 15 billion liters of ice cream annually. A portion of the product is purchased every 3 seconds. Fans of the delicacy are especially active in purchasing and tasting it on World Ice Cream Day, which is celebrated annually on June 10.

The architectural creations of Eden Lechner and Antonio Gaudi are among the brightest examples of modernism. This style is characterized by roundness and fluidity of forms, the presence of natural and plant motifs in the images, and an abundance of decorative elements and details: mosaics, panels and stained glass. Paintings by A. Mucha, E. Grasse and G. Klimt, furniture design by S. Wyspianski and L.K. Tiffany also belongs to Art Nouveau. The movement has been leading in music, painting, sculpture, architecture and poetry since the end of the 19th century. before the start of the First World War. In order to preserve the cultural heritage of this era, a holiday was established - World Art Nouveau Day. The initiative for the emergence of World Art Nouveau Day belongs to the magazine Szecessziós Magazin. In Budapest, on June 10, 2013, events dedicated to the Art Nouveau style were held for the first time at the Museum of Applied Arts. Exhibitions and lectures also took place in Portugal, Germany, Belgium, Finland, Poland, Great Britain, Sweden and other countries. The date of the holiday is timed to coincide with a sad event - on June 10, in 1914 and 1926, the architect Eden Lechner, who lived in Hungary, and the Spaniard Antonio Gaudi passed away. They left behind stylish and incredibly designed cathedrals, residential buildings, post offices and other structures. The architectural design of the Museum of Applied Arts was developed by E. Lechner, which is why the first World Art Nouveau Day took place there. The style, which is a symbiosis of romanticism and symbolism in the era of rapid development of industry and industrialization, was called differently in all countries. In Russia it was called Art Nouveau, in Austria-Hungary - Secession, in France - Art Nouveau, in Germany - Jugendstil, in Switzerland - Style sapin ("spruce style"). The artistic movement was an attempt by creative people to combine functionality and pragmatism with an aesthetic perception of the world. Art Nouveau was in many ways a constructed style, conceived to make life in art more beautiful than in reality. Every year, World Modern Day celebrates a specific theme. Thus, in 2019 it was dedicated to staircases as an architectural element and interior design detail, and in 2020 to stained glass windows. It is they, like no other type of decorative and applied art, that reflect one of the main features of Art Nouveau - a flat, two-dimensional image of people and objects. In honor of World Art Nouveau Day, exhibitions, seminars, photo competitions and excursions are held. In Russia, World Art Nouveau Day was celebrated for the first time in 2018 in Tambov. This style, generously flavored with elements of the Renaissance, classicism and symbolism, appealed to the aesthete artists from the creative association “World of Art”. Prominent representatives of Russian modernism were M.A. Vrubel, V.A. Serov, V.M. Vasnetsov, I.I. Levitan. The Kazansky and Vitebsky railway stations, the Bristol Hotel, the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands, and the Pertsov apartment building in Moscow were built in this style. The holiday, which appeared in 2013, united in a single impulse culturologists and art historians, museum workers and antique dealers, architects and restorers in the desire to preserve the creative heritage of the Art Nouveau style. In honor of this unique phenomenon for world culture, World Art Nouveau Day was established.

The oldest Russian animation studio was founded in Moscow on June 10, 1936. The decision to create it was made personally by I.V. Stalin. The first hand-drawn films, where the main characters were mainly animals, were black and white. After a while, the studio began filming color films. Over the years of its existence, Soyuzmultfilm has produced about 1.5 thousand animated full-length films of various genres and stylistic directions. The creations of directors and artists have received more than 500 awards at festivals and shows. On June 10, in honor of the founding of the film studio, the birthday of Soyuzmultfilm is celebrated. The first masterpieces, “Uncle Styopa”, “Fly-Tsokotukha”, “Barmaley” and “Moidodyr”, were created in the premises of the Orthodox churches of the Transfiguration and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, provided by the state for the work of artists. During production, the method of rotoscoping (photo transfer) was used - shooting people and animals in nature with subsequent drawing of the images. Directors often used Disney style, but artistically interesting and original works appeared, for example, “Why does the rhinoceros’s skin have folds?” (1938) and “Noisy Swimming” (1937) by V. Suteev. The name “animated films” or “cartoon” was supposed to emphasize the difference between Soviet film production and Western ones. It was decided to abandon the international term “animation”. When they began to figure out what would be a better name for this phenomenon in cinema, they started with “multi” – multitude, reproduction. That is, a lot of pictures need to be drawn and framed by hand, and then animated to make a film. The state encouraged the activities of animators, creating good working conditions for them. The directors filmed actively, experimenting and achieving excellent results. To improve their level of professionalism, the first courses for cartoonists were opened in 1940. Despite the outbreak of war in 1941, the studio continued to operate. Its creative teams produced multi-caricatures and propaganda films. From 1941 to 1943 The creative association was evacuated to the Uzbek SSR. But after returning to Moscow, even taking into account the personnel shortage and other difficulties, she continued to work. The first half of the 50s to the end of the 80s are considered the golden age of Soyuzmultfilm. Within the walls of the famous “animation factory” such great directors and artists as I. Ivanov-Vano, F. Khitruk, Valentina and Zinaida Brumberg, B. Dezhkin, I. Kovalevskaya, R. Kachanov, V. Kotenochkin, L. Shmelkov, worked. G. Bardin and many others. “Hedgehog in the Fog” by Yu. Norshtein was recognized as the best cartoon of all time in 2003. He created a new genre of poetic animation, which is based on artistic culture and classical music. Other directors who worked at Soyuzmultfilm also had a unique style and original technique. The skill of artistic embodiment of a plot is not enough to create a masterpiece. Therefore, Soyuzmultfilm has attracted famous theater and film actors to cooperate for more than 85 years. The cartoon characters spoke in the voices of A. Raikin, F. Ranevskaya, L. Bronevoy, Yu. Nikulin, A. Batalov, L. Kuravlev, O. Yankovsky, V. Leonov, L. Gurchenko, G. Khazanov, E. Evstigneev, V. Etush and other artists. "Soyuzmultfilm" is a unique phenomenon of both national and world culture. More than one generation of children was raised on her legendary paintings. Today it is the only studio in the country where all animation techniques are represented: traditional hand-drawn, plasticine, puppet animation, various types of animation and high-tech 3D. Fans of Russian animation annually pay tribute to the work of the talented film studio team, celebrating the birthday of Soyuzmultfilm on June 10.

A special historical discipline deals with the study of state, city, family and other coats of arms, the traditions of their creation and use. Heraldry, which is part of the emblems, originated in the 14th century. One of the first coats of arms in history is considered to be the shield granted on June 10, 1128 by King Henry I of England to the future son-in-law of Geoffrey V Platagenet. It depicted 6 golden lions on an azure field. In honor of this event, International Heraldry Day is celebrated annually on June 10. International Heraldry Day was first celebrated in 2013. The initiator of the establishment of the solemn day was the International Association of Amateur Heraldry. Its members are engaged in the history of the appearance and decoding of distinctive signs that arose during the Middle Ages. It is believed that with the advent of special armor among knights, incl. With a helmet covering the face, it became difficult to identify a warrior on the battlefield. To this end, participants in the first crusades began to paint their shields, usually almond-shaped, with special symbols. The emblems helped to understand what clan the warring knight belonged to. Before the start of the tournament, he also presented the coat of arms, proving his right to participate in the competition. In feudal Europe, belonging to one or another social class completely determined a person’s life. Therefore, over time, coats of arms began to be used not only by noble lords, but also by ladies, clergy, artisans and their workshops, merchants and even entire cities. In those days, the tradition of giving family names (surnames) had not yet developed. Therefore, the coats of arms came in handy. The nobility of the family became a cult; having a coat of arms was considered prestigious. By the end of the 12th century. a tradition arose to pass it on by inheritance. In the middle of the 14th century. lawyer Bartolo da Sassoferrato published a treatise “On Signs and Coat of Arms”. It enjoyed great popularity and was widespread in the Middle Ages. The treatise indicated that the coats of arms that were applied to shields were “granted by dignity or position,” and also named the reasons for the appearance of heraldry - recognition. The tradition of using emblems and symbols to indicate belonging to a noble family, religious order, class and guild ceased to exist in early modern times. Today, coats of arms are owned not only by representatives of ancient clans, states, federal subjects and localities. Many companies and individuals use visual identification marks in the form of identifying symbols. They are developed by special heraldic societies taking into account the wishes of customers and historically established rules and requirements. Thus, to convey color, white, red, purple, black, blue, green and yellow, images of ermine and squirrel fur, gold and silver, as well as enamels (enamel) are used. Heraldic language includes monograms, cryptonyms, mottos and symbols. Modern armorialists attach great importance to visual emblems. Heraldry helps determine the origin of historical monuments, the authenticity, ownership and authorship of works of art, manuscripts, books and household items. With the help of this auxiliary historical discipline, the paths of inheritance are established and the volume and value of property is determined. The International Day of Heraldry is intended to pay tribute to heraldry and popularize science.

There are so many ordinary and very unusual hobbies in the world, and an entire holiday was dedicated to one of them. It is World Knitting in Public Day, which takes place on the second Saturday of the first summer month. This tradition began in 2005 with the light hand of Danielle Mendez, for whom knitting is one of her main hobbies. Other fans liked this idea so much that the next year the action was repeated, but with a larger number of participants. So, from year to year, thanks to the Internet, more and more people around the world learn about World Public Knitting Day, and now this holiday is celebrated annually in 350 cities. Craftswomen who are fond of knitting agree on a meeting place in advance. Usually the choice falls on public recreation areas, squares and parks, and when they get together, they begin to knit. Anyone can join this promotion at any time, because no prior registration is required. In addition, on this day, educational master classes, exhibitions of finished works and auctions are held for everyone, where you can buy real knitting masterpieces. The first time the holiday was held in Paris, then Estonia, Finland, America and other countries joined France. The holiday has already had its own emblem - crossed spokes against the backdrop of a map of Europe. Over time, World Public Knitting Day acquired shades of charity, because items knitted during this unusual event began to be sold, and participants donated the proceeds to charity. If you love to knit or crochet and know for sure that there are like-minded people in your city, join others around the world and celebrate World Knitting Day in your city. This is a great opportunity to find new friends who share your hobbies and just have a good time.

UK Holidays - Monarch's Birthday in Great Britain (Queen's Official Birthday)

Production based on the use of hand tools arose simultaneously with the emergence of cities. In the Middle Ages there were no factories or factories. All products sold in city markets were produced in craft workshops. They forged plowshares and horse shoes, blew glass vases, and created pottery and other utensils on a potter's wheel. In memory of entire generations of craftsmen and unique technologies of hand-made products, World Crafts Day is celebrated on June 10. In honor of World Handicrafts Day, master classes are held on pottery and leather crafts, felting and weaving, wicker weaving and macrame, tableware painting and wood carving. All these crafts have existed for centuries, providing people with the products necessary for life. In medieval Paris of the 14th century. About 300 workshops were opened, where 5.5 thousand craftsmen worked. The secrets of the craft were passed down within the family from generation to generation, as were unique technologies of manual production and creativity. In Rus', people were often called by their occupation. Some Slavic surnames came from the types of crafts that our ancestors were engaged in: Kuznetsov, Tkachev, Krasilnikov, Rukavishnikov, Kozhemyakin, Syromyatnikov, Ovchinnikov, Bochkarev, Khlebnikov, etc. But the origin of some family names is not always obvious. So, for example, Kravtsov is a specialist in cutting (kravets), Golichnikov is a master in the production of mittens (golits), Epanshchikov is a sewer of raincoats (epanchi), Pustovalov is a felter of woolen bedspreads (in the Don, these masters were called polstovaly). According to UNESCO, today about 200 types of crafts are lost. However, the descendants of medieval craftsmen still make folk instruments, engage in pottery, beadwork, embroidery and other types of decorative and applied arts. In honor of World Crafts Day, fairs are organized where handicrafts are sold, and thematic festivals are organized. In addition to creative activities, on June 10, games and competitions, theatrical performances and costume processions are held. Events in honor of World Handicrafts Day are coordinated by the World Crafts Council of UNESCO. Hand made products made from wood, clay, leather and other natural materials conquer the hearts of people all over the world. In every country there are masters who sacredly honor and revive the traditions of decorative and applied arts. Handicrafts and crafts have been classified as the intangible cultural heritage of humanity since 1957. The celebration of World Handicrafts Day draws attention to the craftsmen who create real masterpieces with their truly golden hands. In recognition of their talent and dedication to preserving our cultural heritage, June 10 is celebrated as World Crafts Day.

Russian holidays - Day of the press services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

Writing with pens and ink left blots in notebooks and stained the trousers and snow-white aprons of schoolchildren. Calligraphy was a compulsory subject in the USSR, taught in primary school until 1969. For many schoolchildren, penmanship was a real torture. Everything changed after the advent of the ballpoint pen. The patent for this invention was registered on June 10, 1943 by a traveling salesman from the United States, Milton Reynolds. This date, according to established tradition, is considered the birthday of the ball hand. The very idea of ​​writing equipment, which has made life easier for people all over the world, belongs to the Hungarian journalist Laszlo Biro. He came up with the principle of the ballpoint pen in 1931, but registered his patent only in 1938. Biro wrote a lot as part of his job and wanted to have a writing instrument that would not cause such hassle as pen and ink. Together with his brother Györd, a chemist by training, he created an ink that does not bleed or thicken. At first, the new product was available only to rich people. English pilots, who could not write with fountain pens in the air, were among the first to appreciate the advantages of stationery. Therefore, the British Air Force bought the patent for the invention from Laszlo Biro. Once in Argentina, he re-registered it and sold it to Eversharp for $1 million. In order to prevent ballpoint pen plagiarism, L. Biro had to patent the idea in all countries of the world, which was impossible to do. In fact, the American Milton Reynolds stole the idea from the Argentine "Eversharp", establishing mass production of the ballpoint pen in the USA. Biro tried to defend his rights in court, but lost. In 1958, the enterprising Frenchman Marcel Bic introduced a modified model of a ballpoint pen into production, calling it BIC. In particular, he made the ball smaller and prevented ink from leaking out. Today, BIC Corporation is the largest manufacturer of office supplies in the world. Pens produced by a French company occupy 1/3 of the US market. Today, consumers choose this essential writing accessory from hundreds of styles and colors. From a luxury item, a ballpoint pen has long become a utilitarian item that can be purchased by a person of any income level. In honor of her invention, Ballpoint Pen Day is celebrated around the world. With the help of a ballpoint pen they write words of love, do mathematical calculations, sign documents and vote in elections. The funny holiday, which is celebrated on June 10, is a good reason to remember the history of its creation and appreciate the role of this writing instrument in the life of a modern person.

Holidays in Portugal - Day of Portugal, Day of Camoes and the Portuguese Communities

International holidays - World Gin Day

Children often fly in their sleep. This is thought to happen as they grow. However, boys and girls from all over the world dream of truly taking to the air - becoming astronauts, airplane and helicopter pilots. The Young Eagles program is designed to introduce children aged 8 to 17 years to aviation and help those who love the sky decide on a future profession. At its origins is the American Paul Howard Poberezny, the founder of the Experimental Aviation Association (EAA). Thanks to the Young Eagles program, over 20 years more than 2 million children have been able to fly on airplanes. Observations confirmed that every second child out of 100 who took to the skies after turning 17 decided to undergo training and become a pilot. The event, dedicated to the centenary of the creation of the airplane in 1903 by designers Orville and Wilbur Wright, was initially a one-time event. But after its completion, the events began to be held annually. This is how the tradition began to celebrate International Young Eagles Day every second Saturday in June. People have dreamed of flying into the sky from different stages of the development of civilization. Legend has it that back in 1500 BC. The ancient Greek Daedalus made wings from bird feathers for himself and his son Icarus to escape from King Minos. Leonardo da Vinci was no less obsessed with the idea of ​​developing aeronautics than the mythical character. Drawings and drawings of aircraft invented by the famous artist and scientist of the Renaissance have reached us. Thanks to da Vinci, the era of airplanes and spaceships came before the scientific and technological revolution, which began in the mid-twentieth century. The first to take to the skies in a hot air balloon were the Frenchmen Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier in 1783. The monoplane of the Russian designer Alexander Mozhaisky was created a little later - in 1884. Despite this, the Americans consider the creation of Flyer-I in December 1903 by Orville and Wilbur Wright to be the most important milestone in aircraft construction. The Young Eagles action, initiated by EAA members, was timed to coincide with this event. The purpose of the program was to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Wright brothers' flight in 2003. Its creators planned to transport a million children on general aviation aircraft by December 17, 2003, but completed the activities almost a month earlier. The Experimental Aviation Association decided not to stop there. Its members decided to carry out annual flights for 100 thousand children in different countries of the world. EAA pilots sacrifice time and money to share their passion for the skies with girls and boys, the Young Eagles. The ranks of volunteers include both non-public people and celebrities. In March 2004, Harrison Ford became the director of the program. Over the 5 years of participation in the program, the Hollywood actor has transported more than 300 children who are interested in aviation. From 1992 to 1994 The chairman of the program was Oscar winner Cliff Robertson, familiar to young viewers from the film “Spider-Man” and other films. Research has shown that The Young Eagles participants are 5.4 times more likely to become pilots than those new to the program. Girls from the “Young Eagles” show interest in this profession and take the helm in adulthood 2 times more often than their peers. Events in honor of the holiday are held to replenish the ranks of pilots and flight attendants with fresh personnel by awakening children's interest in aviation. As practice shows, International Young Eagles Day does an excellent job of this.

The slogan “My body is my business” is guided not only by feminists, but also by nudists, tattoo lovers, fans of plastic surgery and supporters of body positivity. Professional and amateur athletes who participate in the World Naked Bike Ride are no less sensitive to the opportunity to express themselves. The campaign, which started in 2003 in the Land of the Maple Leaf, is held annually. The initiator of naked riding is the Canadian public figure, writer and director Conrad Schmidt. Nudity for cyclists is not a requirement for participation in the movement. The main thing is to be creative and colorful. Therefore, athletes apply designs in the spirit of body art and liquid latex to cover intimate parts of the body, and use horns, megaphones and sirens during the race. You can join the movement aimed at protecting nature and the environment not only by bicycle, but also by scooter, rollerblades or skateboard. World Naked Bike Day is held on the second Saturday of June in more than 20 countries around the world. In the Southern Hemisphere, the race takes place in mid-March. World Naked Bike Ride Day draws public attention to the problem of cyclist safety on city roads around the world. In addition, naked riding demonstrates the freedom of spirit and purity of the body of the participants. Initially, the run opposed environmental pollution from car exhaust gases and petroleum products. Cyclists hit the road with posters and slogans: “Burn fat, not gasoline,” “You don’t need a car to carry a pea,” and “If there are emissions, then only mine.” Since 2006, the Naked Bike Ride movement began to focus on promoting a healthy lifestyle and riding such a convenient and practical form of transport as a bicycle. Today, current topics of health and sports, self-expression and body positivity - acceptance of your body with all its advantages and disadvantages - are coming to the fore. "Strip as much as you dare!" - one of the posters calls on the participants of the action. From the outside, the bike ride resembles a flash mob or a hippie-style festival, in which people dressed as Adam and Eve take part. Throughout the journey, participants joke, take photos, blow megaphones and sing. Articles are written and documentaries are made about World Naked Cycling Day, which will receive prizes at international film festivals. For World Naked Bike Ride Day, concerts of musical groups and DJ performances are organized, theatrical performances and displays of living sculptures, the body of which are painted by masters of body art, are held.

Man learned to make figurines of people from wood, bone, fabric and other materials at the very early stages of the development of civilization. Dolls served as talismans and amulets and were used during religious rituals and mysteries. In Ancient Greece and Rome, toys acted as characters in comedies and tragedies, and in the Middle Ages they became an integral part of public theater. In Rus', figurines made of wood, thread and straw were used to protect against evil forces. In Africa and South America, voodoo dolls are still used today in black magic rituals. The oldest toy that has reached us, called Paddle doll by scientists, is 4 thousand years old. A wooden figurine with hair made from clay beads was found in Thebes in the tomb of an Egyptian pharaoh. She received the name Paddle doll (“paddle doll”) for her flat body shape. A holiday has been established in honor of one of the most popular children's toys in the world. Every year on the second Saturday of June, World Doll Day is celebrated. The holiday appeared on the calendar in 1986 thanks to the American Mildred Seeley. The emblem of the celebration is the image of a girl holding a doll in her hands. World Doll Day was founded by a woman who spent her entire life collecting antique toys, without ever having visited France, Germany or other regions where they were made. M. Seely collected works by master puppeteers Albert Marquet, Fernand Gautier, Armand Marcel, Pierre François Jumeau, and Jules Nicholas Steiner. In 2002, the sale of her collection set a world record - one of the copies was sold for 215 thousand dollars. Today, the most popular products on store shelves are the iconic Barbie, LOL babies and the heroines of the cartoon Monster High. However, their appearance and workmanship contrast sharply with examples made in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Each of the antique bisque dolls, made of unglazed porcelain, is a work of art, an example of unique style and charm. M. Seeley is the founder of Seeley's and the Guild of Doll Makers, publishing the monthly magazine DOLLS Beautiful. She wrote many books on the history of toy creation and organized the production of plates depicting beauties with plump cheeks and bow-shaped lips. The founder of World Doll Day loved antiques. Therefore, on the second Saturday in June, antique lovers visit museums and toy exhibitions, where they get acquainted with rare collectibles. A holiday is a great reason to sort out the boxes in the attic of your home, reminisce, find and give your favorite doll to your child. World Doll Day invites people with big and kind hearts to engage in charity work. In honor of World Doll Day, people buy toys and visit orphanages and hospitals with gifts.

Holidays of Moldova - Border Guard Day

According to the folk calendar, Nikita Gusyatnik is celebrated on June 10 (May 28, old style). The name of the day is partly taken from the church date - the day of honoring the memory of Bishop Nikita of Chalcedon, who lived in the 8th-9th centuries. Nikita lived in Chalcedon, on the territory of modern Turkey, and was a bishop. The doors of his house were open to the disadvantaged and the poor, and he often stood up for the defense of offended citizens. When Emperor Leo V began iconoclastic activities, Nikita showed himself to be an active defender of icons, for which he paid. He was defrocked and sent into exile, where he died. The relics of the saint, after being found, radiated healing properties. People considered Nikita to be the protector of the goslings, which is why they called him the Gosling. They prayed to the saint to protect them from hawks, falcons and kites. The goslings were fed porridge with boiled chopped eggs to help them grow large. Geese were considered a valuable bird on the farm - their meat was used for food, their fat for medicinal purposes, and their feathers were used to stuff feather beds and pillows. A quill pen and ink were used for writing, and sometimes the feathers were used to cast spells and were worn as a talisman. The second name of the day was Midday, as the spirits of midday were called. The peasants believed that on a given date they would appear in the fields with round iron discs. Spirits were divided into good and evil. The good ones used their discs to protect the fields from the burning sun, while the evil ones, on the contrary, tilted them so that the light burned the ears of corn. Some spirits looked like attractive maidens; they came down to the working men and tried to seduce them. It was believed that they wanted to conceive a child from a good man, but such a relationship forever deprived them of male power. Seeing the beauty, the men closed their eyes and read the protective spell. It was forbidden to scold the spirits, otherwise they could dry out the fields. To prevent midday spirits from entering their homes, residents closed the shutters at lunchtime and tried not to go outside. It was forbidden to sleep during the day on this day, since midday spirits could bewitch and take away life. Adults watched over the children sleeping at lunchtime. On Midday, there was a custom to treat small children from poor sleep, so a special ritual was performed. A woman and her child went out into the field at dawn and read a plot against childhood insomnia. Then they returned home without turning their backs to the sun. On this day, pregnant women went to the field to gain strength before giving birth. They said that this way the child would be born strong, like a growing ear. They believed that childbirth in the field was much easier than usual, and that children born there would become hardworking in the future. If the weather was calm on the day of Nikita Gusyatnik, then a bountiful harvest was expected in the summer. The hot day predicted a rather frosty December. Seeing blue over the horizon in the evening, residents prepared for fine days. The lizards that came out to warm themselves promised cloudiness.

Italian Holidays - Navy Day (Festa della Marina)

Orthodox holidays June 10:

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God “Nicaea”

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God of Chukhloma (Galich)

Memorial Day of Confessor Nikita of Chalcedon

Memorial Day of St. Elena Diveevskaya

Memorial Day of St. Ignatius of Rostov