On June 9, it is customary all over the world to celebrate the most touching and positive holiday – Friendship Day. It is not known for certain who and when came up with the idea of ​​holding this holiday, but its popularity, especially among the youth community, is constantly growing. This is due to understandable reasons: a person feels much more confident and happier when he is surrounded by true and loyal friends. Socrates also said that “without friendship, no communication between people has value.” He was echoed by Cicero, who argued that the exclusion of friendship in the world is tantamount to deprivation of the warmth of the sun. Australian scientists studying gerontology have proven that when a person has many friends, he lives 22% longer in his life cycle. Elderly people over the age of 70 were “involved” in research experiments. And those who had a wide circle of friends lived longer, more interesting and energetic lives. Friendship is the most important social and moral value. This is a powerful stronghold to support a person in a harsh world that often lives according to special laws, far from humanity. The special charm of close human communication lies in the feeling of acceptance, understanding and “shoulder feeling”. There cannot be many friends, but their presence is necessary for the completeness and harmony of life. Honest and sincere friendship allows you to do without the services of psychologists and psychotherapists. The “foundation” of friendly relations among people is similar to relationships in the animal world. Friendship is based on the skill of maintaining a strong and confident position that attracts and unites like-minded people. However, they also try to make friends with clumsy people, since such “awkward” behavior, according to psychologists, also attracts people. On this day it is customary, regardless of life situations, to meet and spend time with friends. The traditional format is joint trips to the cinema or bowling, picnics and gatherings on cafe terraces. If it is not possible to meet, on Friendship Day they send pleasant messages via instant messengers or call friends. It is especially touching when a person does not know about the holiday, and unexpectedly receives a sweet congratulation, which confirms the honorary “status” of a true friend and reminds of the importance of his role in the life of another person. On June 9, many mobile operators and network providers give their customers bonuses and compliments and run tempting promotions. Charitable foundations and public organizations organize entertainment programs and thematic meetings, where people with similar interests and life attitudes come. Although the holiday is not official and is unlikely to ever gain state recognition, this does not detract from its merits and “coverage area.” An increasing number of people celebrate it with great pleasure in order to escape from the endless string of affairs and realize that there are “eternal values” for which, in fact, it is worth living. It is no coincidence that philosophers believed that friendship can double joys and reduce troubles. However, we should not forget that in order to “find a friend, you must be one” (R. Emerson).

The word “accreditation” comes from the Latin term “accredo,” meaning “to trust.” In this regard, accreditation is characterized as a procedure for identifying non-compliance of the quality of services offered and goods sold with the level established by the state. This event was established on the initiative of two structures: IAF and ILAC. The date of professional celebration is June 9, 2008.

As a result of the victory of the anti-Hitler coalition in World War II in 1945, a large-scale operational-strategic association of the USSR Armed Forces outside the country was formed. The Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSVG), with headquarters in Wünsdorf, was stationed on the territory of the GDR. Based on the Directive of the Supreme High Command Headquarters No. 11095 of May 29, 1945, it was prescribed to create a powerful force in Germany to maintain security and order, as well as the military presence of the USSR. The powerful association created to maintain order and security in the occupied lands was headed by Marshal G.K. Zhukov. June 9 marks the Day of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, and on June 10 it began to carry out its tasks. Initially, its headquarters were located in Potsdam, and in 1946 the administration and headquarters of the commander-in-chief were transferred to the suburbs of Berlin. In 1949, the number of military personnel in the group, which included soldiers and officers of the First Belorussian, Second Belorussian and First Ukrainian Fronts, amounted to 2 million 900 thousand people. Units of the GSVG were mainly located in places that had previously been a Wehrmacht base. By the 1980s, the size of the group, which was part of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union until 1992, exceeded 500 thousand people. The GSVG was engaged in creating the necessary conditions for the elimination of the fascist regime in the occupied territories. But the main task of the Group of Forces was to protect the western borders of the Motherland from external threats. This service was considered responsible and honorable among military personnel - they were proud that they were at the forefront of the defense of the Motherland, even in peacetime. The GSVG was equipped with the most modern equipment and the best weapons, including military equipment. nuclear. The Group of Forces included missile, tank, artillery and motorized rifle divisions, and, since 1979, air assault units. Their preparedness and equipment allowed the NATO military to declare that, if necessary, GSVG fighters would be able to cross Western Europe and reach the English Channel within 4 days. The readiness of the troops for war was constant and checked around the clock. The group was considered a personnel forge: future ministers of defense, generals, and chiefs of formations and headquarters of the Armed Forces underwent a rigorous schooling there. The GSVG was a state within a state. It had not only its own military camps with developed social infrastructure (kindergartens, schools, shops, sanatoriums, farmsteads and TV centers), but also factories and other industrial facilities. The units had Officers' Houses and clubs where song and dance ensembles performed. The Group of Forces even had its own Drama Theater. For many years, the GSVG ensured international stability, balancing the military power of the NATO bloc, whose associations were stationed in Europe. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the question arose about completing the mission of the operational-strategic unification of the USSR in Germany. In 1990, as a result of the signing of an international treaty, the presence of the Western Group of Forces on the lands of the GDR began to be considered temporary. The withdrawal of armed units began, which ended in 1994. The soldiers and officers who served in the GSVG carried out their assigned tasks with honor, holding back the plans of aggressors and potential opponents of the USSR with their presence on the western borders of the Motherland. Remembering the activities of the unification of the troops of the Soviet Union in the GDR, the descendants of the military personnel feel pride and admiration, realizing that thanks to the GSVG, peace was maintained on Earth in the conditions of the arms race and the Cold War. Therefore, the date of June 9, the day before the formation of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, is considered memorable and will forever remain in the history of Russia.

The storage, systematization, and description of written and printed monuments of the past are carried out by institutions specially created for this purpose. The archives contain manuscripts, photographs, court cases, receipts, drawings, wills and other documents related to the activities of the organization, the life of a person or an entire nation. The Frenchman Charles Breban spoke about the importance of preserving ancient sources of information. Outstanding historian and paleographer of the twentieth century. asserted: “Archives are the memory of any people, country and humanity as a whole.” Storing birth certificates in specially designated places was practiced back in the days of Ancient Greece and Rome. In Kievan Rus, archives with manuscripts of artistic, historical and religious content appeared simultaneously with writing. Paying tribute to the importance of ancient books and other sources of knowledge preserved for posterity on a global scale, the International Council on Archives was founded by UNESCO on June 9, 1948. The chairman of the ICA, headquartered in Paris, was Charles Samaran, head of the French National Archives. The activities of the International Council are dedicated to preserving evidence of the past - the documentary memory of humanity, the basis of its cultural and historical heritage. ICA members are national and international organizations, professional groups and individuals from 199 countries. Every year, the Council publishes the Comma magazine in the official languages ​​of the UN and German, and holds congresses and round tables. In 2007, at the initiative of the ICA, International Archives Day was established, which is celebrated on June 9. Every year at this time educational events, meetings and seminars are held. The holiday creates opportunities for dialogue between archive staff, users and government officials. On June 9, traditionally, we congratulate professionals working in specialized institutions, sections and departments where written sources of information are stored, including those marked “Secret”. In honor of International Archives Day, lectures, exhibitions, symposiums, open days and conferences are held. The position of archivist in Rus' appeared in 1720 as a result of the publication by Peter I of the “General Regulations or Charter” on the fundamentals of public administration and the work of government bodies. The Tsar also demanded that churches and monasteries send handwritten chronicles and ancient books to Moscow to make copies and send them to the Synod. Peter's reforms laid the foundations for the activities of the State Archival Service of Russia. Today, the federal fund stores more than 500 million documents, located on printed and, of course, electronic media. Thanks to digitalization, the creation of one archival file takes 10 times less time than in the 20th century. In Russia, Archives Day falls on March 10, the date of the publication in 1720 according to the new style by Peter I of the decree on their establishment. Civil servants who are engaged in scientific analysis of documents, their systematization and restoration processing celebrate June 9 and an international holiday. International Archives Day marks the presentation of certificates, awards and other incentives to archive employees.

In the world, the greatest diversity of marine flora and fauna is found in the coastal areas of Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste and the Solomon Islands. If you connect the extreme points of the reefs of these six countries on a map with lines, you will get a triangle, called Coral in 1988. The largest mangrove forests are located here, and about 3,000 species of fish, whales, dolphins and other flora live in the ocean waters. For its biodiversity, the triangle was called the “Amazon of the Seas.” More than 120 million people live in the geographical area where 53% of all coral reefs on Earth are concentrated. The state of the ecology of the region, located at the junction of the borders of Indonesia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, determines the availability of food, employment of the population and its level of income. The natural beauty of the Coral region is mesmerizing. Thanks to the tourism industry, about $3 billion a year is poured into the countries' economies annually. To raise awareness of reef bleaching, declining tuna populations and other environmental issues in the region, Coral Triangle Day was established on June 9th. Coral Triangle Day events were held for the first time on June 9, 2012. The celebration, dedicated to the conservation of the marine biodiversity of the Coral Triangle, is celebrated immediately after World Oceans Day. Both holidays are united by a common agenda - the protection of the planet's water resources. Human activities in the development of nature and climate change negatively affect the state of water in the World Ocean. Therefore, Coral Triangle Day calls for thinking about the cleanliness of coastal areas and water, preserving the population of commercial fish, and other unique fauna and flora. The natural reserve is home to 6 out of 7 species of sea turtles, 950 species of mollusks, and 458 species of crustaceans. The reason for the huge diversity of mammals and fish lies in the strong currents of the Indian and Pacific oceans, which bring nutritious organic matter into the straits between the islands. Upwelling, the rise of cold deep-sea species, contributes to the active development of plankton and the reproduction of marine organisms that consume these microorganisms as food. The reefs, located at a depth of 4,000 m, are home to algae, shrimp, sea cucumbers and crabs. The “Indo-Malay Triangle,” as American biologist John Briggs suggested calling it in 1974, is fraught with many secrets. Thus, in 2006, off the coast of New Guinea, an expedition discovered endemics of the region - 50 species of animals and fish unknown to science. Scientists suspect that the discoveries will not end there. The fauna of the Coral Triangle is threatened with death due to ocean acidification - the penetration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into its thickness. The nature reserve's biodiversity is declining due to predatory fishing practices, water pollution by garbage, dredging and the extraction of non-metallic minerals for construction. The environment and ecology of the Coral Triangle are negatively impacted by recreational diving. Speleothems, mineral deposits accumulated in underground caves, are very fragile, as are some slow-growing tropical reefs. Intense dives by divers, harsh weather conditions and diseases damage corals, disrupting the biogeocenosis system. These and other problems are raised annually, proposing ways to solve them, by WWF, the Global Environment Facility and other international organizations that participate in events dedicated to Coral Triangle Day.

The animator Walt Disney is the author of many popular characters: Snow White, Mickey Mouse, who was originally named Mortimer, Bambi the deer, and Donald Duck the duckling. All of Walt Disney's creations are funny, sweet and kind characters. However, the cartoonist awarded Donald Fonteroy Duck, a white drake with a yellow beak and paws, negative character traits. The proud and boastful duckling first appeared in the short film “The Wise Little Hen” in 1934. Donald Duck Day is celebrated on June 9, the day the cartoon was released. The creator of the hero's appearance was animator Dick Lundy. Donald's feathers and beak color were the same as what modern audiences are used to, as was his blue sailor shirt and cap. But the beak itself was longer, and the body was more plump. In 1936, Walt Disney adjusted the appearance of the duckling, and a year later he made him not a minor character, but the main character of the cartoons. The character was voiced by American actor Clarence Nash. Donald Duck's girlfriend Daisy and his nephews also speak in his voice. Walt Disney voiced the duck in television commercials. The tireless Donald Duck got into all sorts of troubles. He traveled to Mexico, found a girlfriend, and became a German forced to work for the Nazis in cartoons dedicated to World War II. One of the short films in this series, “The Face of the Fuhrer,” even won an Oscar statuette. A few years earlier, in 1938, Donald Duck overtook another Walt Disney character, Mickey Mouse, in popularity. The rivalry between the two cartoon characters was supported by their creator. So, in one of the cartoons, Mickey Mouse was kidnapped by unknown people, and Donald Duck was considered the main suspect in this crime. The eccentric duckling always laid claim to the palm and, it seems, he succeeded. In 1984, for Donald Duck's 50th birthday, Disney presented his hero with a giant cake with the words: "It's even bigger than the one I gave to Mickey Mouse." The duckling was one of the best-selling toys and a favorite character among comic book fans. Thanks to them, Donald Duck became widely known in Europe, Australia and South America. The author of most of the comics since 1987 is artist Don Rosa, who also drew them about Scrooge McDuck. Various products were sold with the image of a duckling - from fruit juices to children's clothing. Donald Duck has become a symbol of higher education: the University of Oklahoma sports teams consider the drake their mascot. Why, he even has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame! As, by the way, is his rival Mickey Mouse. In 2010, a new asteroid was named after Donald Duck, discovered by astronomers from Italy. Funny Donald Duck Day is widely celebrated by fans of one of the most charming characters of Walt Disney. There are fans of the main character of “DuckTales” and the talent of the American animator in all corners of the globe. They are the ones who annually celebrate Donald Duck's birthday on June 9th.

During the magnificent heyday of Ancient Greece and Rome in northern Europe, the civilization of the mysterious Celtic people developed no less rapidly. It had a rich mythology, culture and traditions that have come down to us in the form of written evidence from the authors of Antiquity. To the ancient Romans, the tribes living in the territory of modern England, Ireland, Belgium, France, parts of Germany and Austria seemed barbaric and savage. The Celts received the name "Gauls" ("roosters") for their warlike disposition and pugnacity. However, these features of the worldview do not detract from the historical value of the culture of the ancient people. June 9 is International Celtic Art Day. One of the most famous architectural monuments in Great Britain is Stonehenge. In addition to this monument, the Celts erected more than 250 temples on the territory of modern Bavaria. They are also the founders of cities such as Paris, Budapest and Turin. The Scots, Bretons, Irish, Welsh and Cornwalls consider themselves descendants of the Celts. They are proud of their roots and the culture of their ancestors, so they took the initiative to create a special holiday. International Celtic Art Day was founded in 2000 by a group of artists, scholars and ordinary people interested in Celtic art. In their field of vision are various historical finds: a cauldron from Gundenstrup, a richly decorated silver vessel of the 1st century. BC, and the Agris helmet of the 4th century. BC. made of bronze and iron, covered with gold leaf. The sculpture and architecture of the Celts shows a strong influence of Antiquity, the culture of the Etruscans, Scythians and Persians. However, researchers insist on the originality of the artifacts that have come down to us: jewelry, grave goods from ancient burials, church items and decor. Celtic artisans were especially successful in applying artistic designs to metal and bronze items. Engraving and relief images of plants and animals on household items are distinguished by virtuosity and a high level of skill. Researchers are studying both a stone from the village of Hilton of Cadbol and the Muredah cross, dating back to the beginning of the 10th century. AD, and less monumental finds that demonstrate the uniqueness of Celtic culture. It was distinguished by the high development of artistic craft, which made household items of the tribes inhabiting Western and Central Europe real works of art. The Celtic culture lasted for quite a long time - from the second period of the Iron Age (V-I centuries BC) to the early Middle Ages. She had a great influence on the formation of European civilization. In order to pay tribute to the heritage of one of the most ancient peoples, the International Day of Celtic Art was established.

International holidays - South American Football Day

Jordan Holidays - King Abdullah's Accession Day

Fedorin Day is popularly celebrated on June 9 (May 27 according to the old calendar style). This day is named after the church date of honoring the memory of the holy virgin Theodora of Alexandria, who died for her faith in Christ in the 4th century. Theodora lived in Alexandria, kept a vow of chastity, and openly and fearlessly confessed her faith in the Lord during the period of persecution of Christians. The ruler told the girl to renounce her faith, but she refused. For this she was sent to be corrupted in a brothel, but Theodora was saved by the warrior Didimus. Having learned about what had happened, the bishop ordered both to be beheaded and the bodies of the martyrs to be burned. Among the people, Theodora was renamed Fedora. Residents believed that her tongue was caustic and sarcastic, so on this day the entire female family was forbidden to communicate and gossip among themselves. You couldn’t gossip about your neighbors, tell anything about your family, or share your innermost secrets, since Fedora could twist everything and spread the wrong rumor around the village. Women's gossip on Fedorin's day could lead to troubles in the family. It was also forbidden to quarrel within the family, and if anyone started, he was stopped. Each family kept their problems to themselves so that others would not find out about their bad life. A quarrel that started on Fedorin’s day could instantly spread throughout the entire village and tarnish the family’s reputation. The day was spent working in the gardens and doing household chores, but there was no point in picking up a broom and sweeping away the dust. Removing garbage from homes was prohibited because they believed that the brownie, the guardian of the household, went to bed behind a broom on this date. If you sweep the floors, you could accidentally sweep out the brownie, and then problems would begin in the household. To prevent him from running away, his hostesses cajoled him with treats: milk, porridge or bread. Treats for him were placed near the stove before bed. If on a Fedorin day you felt stuffy at dawn, you prepared for rainy weather during the day. Seeing worms in sunny weather meant an approaching thunderstorm. If the honeysuckle inflorescences emitted less odor than usual, then dry weather was expected. The abundance of morning dew foreshadowed a sunny day.

Irish Holidays - Feast Day of Saint Colmcille

Orthodox holidays June 9:

Memorial Day of the Martyr Theodora of Alexandria

Memorial Day of the Hieromartyr Ferapont, Bishop of Sardis

Every year on June 9, Orthodox Christians celebrate the day of remembrance of John the Russian. John the Russian was born at the end of the 17th century. in the Hetmanate. His father and mother cultivated meekness and love for the Lord in him. Having matured, he took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1710-1713. In the battle for Azov, the young man was captured by the allies of the Turks. After his capture, John was sent to Constantinople and resold to Agha, the commander of the Turkish cavalry. The new owner brought the slave to his homeland in central Turkey. Here, in Prokopion, the young man was offered to convert to Islam several times, but he refused. Because of this, the Turks humiliated the slave, threw him into stinking dung, burned his hair and skin, beat the “infidel” in every possible way, but he still did not renounce his religion. John honestly and with great love performed his duties at Aga's stable. Seeing the diligence and zeal of the young man, the owner and his household stopped bullying the slave. Later, the Aga even granted him freedom. But the prisoner refused to leave the stable, believing that God had sent him trials to save his soul. John prayed a lot and fasted; every night he attended the church in the cave. The prisoner gave all his food to those in need. At the end of the week, John always took communion. Aga soon became rich and highly respected. He believed that this happened thanks to the righteous man living in his house. One day Aga went as a pilgrim to Mecca. John, staying at home, was able to perform a miracle: with the help of prayer he sent his owner a plate of his favorite pilaf. Since then, the glory of a saint has been assigned to John the Russian. The Turks, Armenians and Greeks who inhabited Prokopion fell in love with him. However, the attitude of the local residents towards the captive did not force John to change his lifestyle. He still worked for the benefit of Aga's family. On June 9, 1730, he became seriously ill and died. Aga personally handed over the body of his slave for burial according to Orthodox canons. John the Russian was carried with honor throughout the village and buried on the territory of the cave church that he visited. Soon a pillar of fire rose over his grave. When they opened the burial, they saw that the relics of John the Russian remained incorrupt and spreading a pleasant aroma. Then they were taken to the church. Miracles began to happen at the relics of the righteous man: the healing of the sick, the sight of the blind, the calming of the demoniac. The Greeks venerate John the Russian, just as in Russia they venerate Nicholas the Wonderworker. At the end of the 20th century. the name of the righteous man was included in the calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church. In temples and churches on June 9, troparia and kontakia are read in his honor. On the day of memory of John the Russian, people turn to him for deliverance from illnesses and the salvation of sailors. They also pray to him to help in litigation. The righteous man especially patronizes minors.

Memorial Day of St. Ferapont of Monza

Week about the blind