October 27 is World Audiovisual Heritage Day, one of the most important holidays established by the UN. But it so happens that only a few know about it - mainly historians and cultural scientists, archaeologists, sociologists, and political scientists. Audiovisual heritage means any objects that can be assessed from an audio or visual point of view. For example, this includes: photographic products, music, cinema, songs, combined options, archival radio recordings, and so on. Often these unique materials become the only source that tells us what society was like in a given period of time. Many of these objects are, moreover, works of art, that is, they carry historical and cultural value at the same time. It is believed that this day was established by the General Conference of UNESCO at the end of the last century. It was then that humanity realized how important sources of information, rather fragile in themselves, are for the history and culture of the entire society. We had to realize their importance because of the abundance of armed conflicts, large-scale wars on earth, when such archives were destroyed in large quantities. Moreover, this happened not only by accident due to bombings and disasters, but also purposefully. People have always understood that such sources contain a large amount of information and can be considered not only as an aesthetically attractive object, but also as an important transmitter of historical truth. Even today, the problem of preserving audiovisual heritage has not been completely resolved. This can be judged by the insufficient funding for many museums, scientific, cultural, historical complexes, and archives. And at the same time, such objects are very vulnerable and even fragile. Very often, representatives of international organizations draw attention to the fact that the preservation of audiovisual heritage differs significantly in certain countries of the world. UN representatives are especially concerned about the situation in Africa, where, due to ongoing ethnic, religious, civil wars and armed clashes, valuable cultural objects, including those related to audiovisual heritage, are being destroyed. Unfortunately, the situation is unlikely to change dramatically in the foreseeable future. On this day, October 27, it is customary to hold lectures, seminars, and conferences devoted to the problems of preserving audiovisual objects of cultural, social, and historical value. As the holiday gradually becomes more widespread, more and more often on this day local television channels in different countries show thematic programs dedicated to the history of mankind, including the demonstration of audiovisual heritage objects themselves. Film screenings and chronicles are organized. Pressing problems that make it possible to preserve these objects for future generations are also discussed. Very often on this day, historically important recordings are shown on television and radio, for example, speeches by Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King's address to the nation, as well as photographs illustrating the life of mankind during particularly critical periods of existence. Thus, photo exhibitions are held dedicated to the Second World War, etc. Also, such objects include the first Soviet color film “Battleship Potemkin” or even seemingly ordinary vinyl records, disks, floppy disks that were mass produced at the end of the last century . Even rock art in the caves of South and North America and Africa is also an object of audiovisual heritage, the age of which is estimated at thousands of years.

October 27 is International Teddy Bear Day. The history of the holiday is quite unusual - it is a little connected with politics. In 1902, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, took pity on a little bear cub while hunting. This situation gave rise to many cartoons in newspapers, one of which was seen by the wife of Morris Michtom, the owner of a children's toy store. An article in the newspaper and a humorous cartoon inspired her to sew a teddy bear similar to the image from the newspaper cartoon. They decided to put the toy on the store window so that it would attract customers. A “Teddy Bear” sign was placed next to the new craft. The unusual bear cub attracted the attention of passers-by and became the subject of jokes and discussions. All this gave the store good advertising, so revenue began to increase. Such popularity of the Teddy bear prompted the production of toys of different sizes, which began to be actively in demand. Crafts were given to children and beloved girls; the toy bear became a universal souvenir. The bear began to be performed in different variations, and at the same time collectors appeared who tried to collect as many different Teddy bears as possible. The first toy overseas bear cubs began to appear in Russia in 1908. At first they were quite expensive, so not every family could afford to purchase such entertainment for a child. But the American bear cub, in a humorous and slightly childish performance, did not immediately appeal to the Russian people. In Russian folklore, the bear has always been considered, although kind, but at the same time a wild, rude and brutal animal, capable of calming anyone with one wave of its paw. Therefore, it was decided to slightly adjust the sleek overseas toy to the needs of the domestic consumer. The Zagorsk Toy Institute was given a rather unusual task - to adapt the American bear to the mentality of the Russian person. The war and the harsh post-war period slowed down the execution of the order, so the mass production of Soviet teddy bears began only in the 50s. The toys were made of brown or black plush, with cotton wool or sawdust inside. This stern image of the bear embodied the military power of the Soviet Union.

Thomas Roy, a theater and film actor from the United States, and his wife Ruth have come up with more than 80 funny holidays. Among them are Dork Day, Eat What You Want Day, Bald and Free Day, and Haunted Fridge Night. Thomas Roy filed patents for invented celebrations, which are officially recognized and listed in the American Chase Calendar of Events. October 27th marks one of the many funny holidays - Capricious Employees Day. Colleagues who complain about life, are always dissatisfied and provoke scandals bring dissonance to the most friendly team with their behavior. They broadcast negativity, which begins to irritate all colleagues, including the boss. Toxic people found among company employees often do not just whine, but swear and scream, showing aggression towards others. Cranky Co-Workers Day draws attention to the problem of coexistence with colleagues for whom regular emotional outbursts are common. In southern countries, such manifestations of temperament are not surprising and are considered the norm. Spaniards, Italians and Brazilians are accustomed to actively gesticulating, talking loudly on the phone, and reacting emotionally to incoming information with theatrical hand-wringing and cries of indignation. What should residents of countries where such behavior is not respected do? If you did not follow the advice of Spank Your Annoying Colleague Day, which is celebrated on October 23, then on the 27th, try to listen to the recommendations of experts. Ph.D. and corporate psychologist Amy Cooper Hakim believes that anxiety and psychological pressure from a scandalous and capricious colleague negatively affect work productivity. Therefore, she advises preparing in advance to respond to the claims of a toxic employee, demonstrating calmness and confidence in your own rightness. Aggression in response to whims and verbal attacks gives rise, according to E.K. Hakim, counter aggression. Therefore, try to respond to attacks and claims in a friendly manner. Psychologist Goali Saedi Bozzi notes that periodically letting off steam at work is useful, because in return a person receives support and knowledge from colleagues. However, it is very easy to cross the line and slide into constant complaining. If a whining colleague sucks out all the vital juices during conversations, you need to clearly define the boundaries of communication. Employees are not required to listen to complaints and be aware of all the troubles of a “problematic” colleague. You need to politely inform him that you are coming to the office, first of all, to work, so you are not in the mood for idle chatter. According to work psychology specialist Ronald Riggio, to eradicate a toxic atmosphere in a team, you need to interact with other employees and share with them the problem of communicating with a scandalous employee. Chances are good that they will offer valuable advice based on personal experience. Remember that an annoying colleague may suffer from clinical depression and simply not see the world around him in rosy tones, without realizing it. To counteract toxic communication, you can visualize a protective bubble, which will help you conserve energy and not react to verbal attacks. Capricious Employees Day encourages you to let go of fear and find the strength to resist the psychological pressure of a toxic co-worker. However, this fun holiday doesn't have to be taken seriously. You can also approach the celebration with humor - send funny pictures related to Cranky Co-Workers Day to your colleagues, accompanying them with funny captions. October 27 is the ideal time to kindly ask the whiner what is the reason for his chronic pessimism and eternal moaning, or allow yourself to be capricious yourself. Demonstrate your talent for transformation - complain about life, express your complaints about this unfair world loudly and with great resentment, choosing the main whiner and bore as your listener. Perhaps this will allow the capricious colleague to see himself from the outside and make him think about his behavior.

Fata Morgana, halo, belt of Venus, aurora, green ray... These optical atmospheric phenomena, like mirages, have been observed by people for thousands of years. They were the first to systematically record ghosts and phantoms in ship's logs of the early 19th century. became sailors. On the horizon, far from the ship, they saw other ships, cities with temples and castles. In the desert on a windless sunny day, travelers observed mirages in the form of oases with shimmering ponds and lush treetops. In honor of the miracle of nature that occurs in the atmosphere at the junction of layers of warm and cold air, an unusual holiday has been established. October 27 is the Day of Autumn Mirages. The natural phenomenon received a scientific explanation thanks to Gaspard Monge. In 1799, the French mathematician went on a military campaign to Egypt along with the army of Napoleon Bonaparte. On this journey, Monge observed desert mirages more than once. The Egyptians considered them to be the ghost of a country that existed many years ago and left its wandering soul on earth. Similar thoughts come to mind for travelers who observe the silhouette of a man on the peak or ridge of the Alps and Caucasus mountain ranges. An optical illusion is indicated by the fact that the appearance of the Brocken Ghost is always associated with fog or large clouds. G. Monge explained the phenomenon of mirages in the form of villages and hills not by the other world, but by the laws of refraction and reflection of light. Its rays bend in the optically inhomogeneous environment of the atmosphere, as if looking beyond the horizon. The most strongly heated layer of air, located near the ground, becomes a mirror in which light is reflected and a mirage appears - a real area or object located in the distance. The optical phenomenon has been observed in different parts of the world: in the Arctic and Antarctic, the Messianic Strait, located between the island of Sicily and the Italian mainland, Timbuktu in Mali and the Nullabor Plain in Australia. The unusual sight amazes with beauty that takes your breath away. The human brain perceives a mirage that appears on the horizon as a real object, which can lead people astray and lead to death. The trembling and flickering of mountain ranges and palm groves is a sure sign that they are nothing more than an optical phenomenon. In order to see Fata Morgana, you don’t have to go to the desert or go on a sea voyage. The autumn weather of Central Russia and other regions is very changeable - night frosts are often replaced by the warmth of sunny days of Indian summer. An ideal situation is emerging for the appearance of optical illusions - rivers and forests, cities and other objects appearing on the horizon. In the Burzyansky district of Bashkiria near the village of Starosubkhangulovo in 2013, local residents saw a blue-green mirage - houses with clearly visible roofs and window openings, airplanes flying above them. In the Samara Luka, the largest bend of the Volga, a church with domes that never existed in reality is often seen in the sky above the deserted Zelenenky Island. On the opposite bank of the hand, between the Usinsky and Molodetsky mounds, residents see a white stone castle, decorated with flags, and its inhabitants peeking out from behind the walls. As a rule, this phenomenon occurs at a time when fog falls on the ground, or there is a strong temperature difference in the layers of atmospheric air. The changeability of the weather became the basis for celebrating the Day of Autumn Mirages at the end of October.

Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Terrorist Attack in the Armenian Parliament (1999)

Primates belonging to the suborder Strepsirrhini appeared in Madagascar about 40, according to other sources - 50 million years ago. Lemurs have long remained a mystery both to ordinary people living side by side with these mammals and to scientists. In Malagasy culture there is a belief that primates of this species have souls capable of taking revenge on offenders. Therefore, wild animals in the unified classification of the flora and fauna of Carl Linnaeus were called lemures (“ghosts”). Lemurs have a very flexible body - some of them can turn their heads 180 degrees. The smallest representatives of the species have an average weight of 30 g, while large animals weigh up to 10 kg. The existence of only 8% of the mammals living in Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, which are distinguished by unusually large orange or yellow eyes, slender bodies and peaceful dispositions, does not cause concern among scientists. The remaining representatives of more than 100 species of lemurs are in danger of extinction. Endemic animals are an important component of Madagascar's ecosystem. In order to protect them and draw attention to the decline in population numbers, the President of the International Primatological Society, Jonah Ratsimbazafi, established a holiday. On his initiative, World Lemur Day is celebrated annually on the last Friday of October. In 2014, Doctor of Science in Physical Anthropology I. Ratsimbazafi organized the Lemur Festival in the capital of Madagascar. The event received international status and became widely known as World Lemur Day. Representatives of the scientific community, environmental organizations, educational institutions and zoos take part in the festival. Back in 1927, in order to protect lemurs, by decision of the government of the Malagasy Republic, national parks, reserves and reserves were created. However, almost 100 years later, the threat of extinction of the primates of the superfamily Lemuroidae remains relevant for a number of reasons. I. Ratsimbazafi said: “Just as a fish cannot survive without water, lemurs cannot survive without a forest.” The habitat habitual for primates is being destroyed due to slash-and-burn agriculture, logging and illegal logging, and mining. Population declines are also observed due to natural disasters, climate change, hunting, and the capture of baby lemurs for smuggling abroad as exotic animals. The extinction of this mammal species threatens the biodiversity of Madagascar's fauna. Lemurs are a symbol of the island nation, where they continue to live in the wild, as they did thousands of years ago before humans arrived in the region. Preserving the number of primates is an important task not only for the citizens of the Malagasy Republic, but also for the world community. Therefore, every year at the end of October, ecologists, volunteers from animal protection organizations and wildlife lovers participate in promotions, flash mobs and other events held in honor of World Lemur Day.

Anniversary of the enthronement, anointing and enthronement of Karekin II, Catholicos of all Armenians

Every year on October 27, all Orthodox believers remember Saint Paraskeva of Serbia, popularly called Friday. And because of the constant dirt and bad weather at this time, the holiday also received the name - Paraskeva Gryaznukha. In Rus', Paraskeva Friday was highly revered; she is considered the intercessor of all women, the keeper of women's traditions and a healer from all ailments.

In 1997, by decree of the President, Ukraine began to celebrate the Day of Ukrainian Literature and Language. Initially, the date chosen for this was November 9. The fact is that earlier on this day the children went to school. In addition, on this day it is customary to remember Nestor the Chronicler - the man who developed written Ukrainian in the 11th-12th centuries in Kievan Rus with the help of his written works. Thus, the Day of Ukrainian Literature is not only a state holiday, but also an Orthodox holiday. From 2023, due to the reform of the church calendar in Ukraine, this holiday has been moved to October 27. The Ukrainian written language has a very long history, the famous chronicles of Nestor about the history of Kievan Rus, as well as the biographies of Boris and Gleb, Theodosius of Pechersk were written in Ukrainian back in the 11th century. All his life, Nestor was a monk of the monastery and was engaged in books; he described the events that he had to observe during his life - thereby greatly helping modern scientists in studying the history of Ukraine. Of course, since then, writing in the country has changed significantly, however, commonality in the symbols of even the modern alphabet is still observed. Today, October 27 is celebrated in the country with memories of Nestor; traditionally, flowers are brought to the monument. In addition, Ukrainian editorial offices and publishing houses that publish their books and magazines on the state language - especially. Exhibitions and book fairs are often organized, the purpose of which is to familiarize residents of the country with the variety of literature that is published in the state in the Ukrainian language. For a country, language is an important component of the culture of the people. The cohesion, friendliness, and culture of the people of each state are determined by the presence of their own state language. It is not without reason that they say that a person is as many times a person as he knows how many languages ​​he speaks, because this is not only the symbolic transmission of one’s own thoughts, it is also the thoughts themselves - the ability to flexibly adapt information to oneself in the mind in several languages ​​is a unique human skill that needs to be developed. So, on October 27, Ukraine celebrates the Day of Ukrainian Literature and Language - as a symbol of patriotism, the development of the culture of one’s own country and all its inhabitants.

Orthodox holidays on October 27:

Day of the Yakhromskaya Icon of the Mother of God

Memorial Day of Venerable Paraskeva of Serbia

Memorial Day of the Holy Martyrs Nazarius, Gervasius, Protasius and Kelsia