On October 1, the International Day of Older Persons is celebrated around the world. The history of this date lies in the development of human society. Throughout history, people have strived to increase their life span while simultaneously fearing old age. But before the advent of the 20th century, living to an old age was not at all easy. Epidemics, wars, harsh conditions, and poor medicine prevented a long life span. Only in the 20th century, having overcome many global human problems, people were faced with an increase in the so-called survival period. If in 1950 the average life expectancy was 46 years, then by 2010 it increased to 68. Sociologists predict further growth, calling the real figure 81 years for the end of this century. So, by 2050, the number of elderly people will increase to 20% of the total humanity. And this is 1/5 of society, and it is extremely important for society to give this part the opportunity to be necessary, useful and in demand. Summarizing all the above facts, the UN in 1990 established the celebration of the Day of Older Persons for Europe. And by the end of the year, all of America and Asia joined the celebration. Elderly people have been called the value of society, because they are the custodians of memory, experience and traditions. Numerous congresses, conferences, and charity events began to articulate the rights of older people and highlight their special role in social processes. Each year is dedicated to a specific problematic topic related to older people. Thus, in 2005, the theme of the year was the problems of aging in the new millennium, with the focus on the development opportunities of older women. In 2007, realizing the opportunities associated with aging became a pressing issue. And in 2012, longevity as a way to shape the future. Features of aging in megacities and cities became the topic of 2015. In Russia, the official celebration of Older People's Day began in 1992. Today, the issue of raising the retirement age is a pressing issue, which has many supporters and opponents. On the one hand, when a person retires, he experiences enormous stress and feels useless. On the other hand, many years of work should bring well-deserved rest and a decent monetary allowance. And this is just one of the many problems of a growing percentage of the population of retirement age. October 1 is a wonderful occasion to say words of gratitude to your family, friends, and work colleagues, to share your experience in solving problems and to express new ideas for improving the quality of life of people of deserved age.

The first international music day was held on October 1 in 1975. And the decision to establish it was made two years earlier in Lausanne at the 15th General Assembly of the IMC. The purpose of the holiday was to introduce all layers of society to this art. The holiday dedicated to music is not that old, but music itself has been known to mankind since ancient times. Even our ancestors, living in caves, carved people with musical instruments on stone. We do not know what kind of music they played and listened to back then, but there is no doubt that even then people colored their lives with it, conveyed joy and melancholy with the help of sounds, and expressed their feelings in it. Music is a constant companion of humanity today. There is probably no person who does not like to listen to enchanting sounds. Not a single celebration or event can take place without it, be it a wedding, name day or military parade. We listen to music in a cheerful mood, and when we are overwhelmed by melancholy or sadness. Sometimes the sound of music pulls you out of a complete abyss. It’s not for nothing that music therapy was invented. Even with the most severe depression, listening to classical music, a person begins to understand that the world around is beautiful, life goes on. It inspires you to live a full life, gives you strength to move forward and do good. More than once there have been cases when music healed not only the soul, but also the body. Music has many directions:• classical;• rock music;• electronic;• pop music;• rap;• hip-hop;• jazz;• blues. But each of them brings many beautiful works into the world, making it much more beautiful. On a holiday dedicated to music, each of the directions is heard throughout the world. On this day, concerts are held, the best performers perform, and world hits of all times are played. Many people present their newly created masterpieces to the public on this day. Little musicians also take to the stage with an irresistible desire to devote their entire lives to this wonderful art. There are many interesting facts related to music. For example, scientists have proven that to the sound of calm music, flowers grow faster, and cows give more milk. Also, listening to music while doing sports, a person becomes more resilient, and weak children get better and grow faster. In addition, it is known that our hearts beat in time with the music we listen to.

The army is an essential component of any independent state; its main task is to ensure security in the country. Ground forces are part of the armed forces of any country; their main goal is to conduct combat operations on land. All employees of these troops celebrate their professional holiday on October 1. Every year, on October 1, Russia celebrates Ground Forces Day. It began to be celebrated in 2006 according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, V.V. Putin, dated May 31, “On the establishment of professional days of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.” Despite the fact that this celebration is included in the official register of public holidays, it is not a day off. According to tradition, on this day they organize festive festivities, hand out certificates and extraordinary titles at the ceremonial formation, organize ostentatious exercises, and of course remember all those who died while serving for the good of our Motherland. The date of the celebration was not chosen by chance; it was on this day in 1550 that the Tsar of Rus', Ivan the Terrible, issued a decree on the formation of permanent troops in cities and counties. This served as the basis for the formation of the first permanent troops in Tsarist Russia. Ivan IV laid the foundation of the Russian army, but it was Peter I who created permanent formations, carrying out a reform according to which, from 1699, a regular army was created. During the reign of Alexander I, the Ministry of Land Forces was created. Alexander II also continued the military reform; he proposed to reorganize the army, created a training institute, and introduced compulsory military service. After a complete reorganization of the army structure, by the middle of the 19th century, a period begins when the modernization of military equipment begins, more and more resources are invested in improving the technical component of the army. It was the ground forces that played a huge role in the outcome of the Great Patriotic War, because the main theater of military operations took place on land, and, despite the enemy’s superiority at the beginning of the war, by 1945, Russian firepower had almost doubled and surpassed the quality and quantity of equipment. German invader. After the Great Victory in World War II, the ground forces were officially recognized as part of the Soviet army, making Marshal of the USSR, Georgy Zhukov, its first commander-in-chief. The entire post-war period can be characterized as a symbiosis of power and science; a lot of work was devoted to improving the existing military arsenal and creating new, more powerful types of weapons. For modern Russia, the Ground Forces are the largest part of the Russian Armed Forces. It consists of the following units: - motorized rifle; - tank; - missile forces and artillery; - special units (technical support, air defense, electronic defense, reconnaissance). The main task of the Ground Forces is to quickly respond to regional and global conflicts, guarantee the military security of Russia, and adequately respond to various external and internal threats. The army is equipped with the most powerful and modern weapons: T-72, T-80 tanks, Smerch-type multiple launch rocket systems, anti-tank and anti-mine installations, anti-aircraft missile systems "Strela-M", "Buk-M1", "Sturm" -WITH". 1) During the reform of 2011-2022, the military power of the army should increase by 70%. 2) To equip the Russian army, 2.6 trillion rubles have been allocated until 2022 for the purchase and creation of new weapons. 3) In the Russian ground forces More than 270 thousand people serve.4) The Russian Ground Forces consist of 8 divisions, 150 brigades, 4 bases and 2 centers.

On October 1, 1977, World Vegetarian Day was established by the vegetarian society of North America. The International Vegetarian Union, created in 1908, supported the North American Society, and this day became the International Vegetarian Day. The World Vegetarian Day is caused by the need to inform the general public about the merits of the vegetarian food system. The advantage of this way of eating lies in the environmental and ethical aspect of life, in a healthy lifestyle. A vegetarian diet excludes foods of animal origin from your diet. The debate about whether vegetarianism is beneficial or harmful has been going on for a long time. This lifestyle has undeniable advantages, such as the absence of obesity, proper (healthy) weight loss, and a decrease in cholesterol in the blood. Schopenhauer believed: “...a vegetarian is a person with higher moral principles.” Vegetarianism as a culture originated in East Asian countries, based on religious traditions. Followers of Hinduism and Buddhism developed a whole system of vegetarian nutrition. In Western Europe, this way of life began to be cultivated after the colonization of India. At the beginning of the 19th century, in 1847, the world's first vegetarian society was founded in England. The development of vegetarianism in Europe at that time was also influenced by the fact that due to the crisis, most products became more expensive. In Russia, the first society of vegetarian food lovers was created in 1901. The most prominent and famous vegetarian of the Russian Empire was the populist writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, who said: “...virtue is incompatible with beefsteak.” Initially, vegetarianism implied the exclusion of only living creatures from the diet of meat, but subsequently many adherents of this trend, they are called vegans, began to adhere to fairly strict principles: refusal of wool, fur, leather goods and any products (clothing, food, decor, etc.) animal origin. Supporters of strict vegetarianism (vegans) can celebrate the holiday for a month, before the start of the celebration of International Vegan Day, celebrated by adherents of strict vegetarianism on November 1st. During the celebration of International Vegetarian Day, adherents of this trend hold various events and promotions, flash mobs dedicated to aspects of the benefits of the vegetarian lifestyle and calls for abandoning animal foods. Culinary activities for preparing vegetables and fruits take place.

The competitive gaming tradition and wall-to-wall fist fights are among the traditional pastimes of Ancient Rus'. In the 18th century competitions for lifting weights appeared, the ancestor of which is considered to be a cannonball. Over time, hand-to-hand combat was replaced by power sports from abroad. The names of Ivan Poddubny, Yakub Chekhovsky, Pyotr Krylov, Ivan Zaikin, Flora Vesov and Alexander Zass are forever inscribed in the history of Russian weightlifting. Every year on the first Sunday of October, the Day of Strength Sports Athletes is celebrated in Russia. Powerlifting, strongman, bodybuilding, crossfit, arm wrestling and weightlifting are popular in many countries around the world. The goal of regular physical activity is for athletes to achieve maximum results. For example, this could be lifting a heavy load while standing or bench pressing a barbell. Some athletes train to increase muscle size and achieve an aesthetic effect - bringing the appearance of the body to perfection. Bodybuilders hit the gym every day to compete in bodybuilding competitions. In Rus', since ancient times, peasants have participated in fist fights and lifted weights. Aristocrats preferred weightlifting. In Russia, the customer of the first bodybuilding machines, invented in 1857 in Switzerland, was the royal family and Alexander II personally. During the reign of Nicholas I, the Winter Palace had a gym with a wall bars and a rope for gymnastics. Emperor Alexander III loved to bend coins with his fingers and break horseshoes with his hands. Nicholas II was a fan of many sports. It is known that after being overthrown from the throne while in exile in Tobolsk, the tsar made himself a horizontal bar and did push-ups on it every day. The holiday, which is celebrated in early October, has the unofficial name "Day of Strength". The solemn date appeared on the calendar in 2008 thanks to the Russian Powerlifting Federation. Powerlifting as a sport was officially recognized in the USSR in 1987. Residents of the Baltic republics became the legislators of the new movement. Swedes, Finns and Poles came to them to compete. The Soviet authorities did not recognize the foreign sport for a long time, but after a while they had to agree with the choice of weightlifters. The beginning of the development of powerlifting in modern Russia is considered to be 1991, the year the Powerlifting Federation was founded. Associations and leagues of bodybuilders, armwrestlers and representatives of other sports joined her initiative to establish a professional holiday. In recent years, strongman - extreme power sports - has been gaining popularity. Its projectiles are gas cylinders, truck wheels and other loads, on the shoulders of which athletes cover various distances. Tournaments and competitions in strongman, arm wrestling, bodybuilding and weightlifting are an integral part of the events held in honor of Strength Day.

Moscow Region Day

During the era of the Soviet Union, according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 1, 1980 “On Holidays and Memorable Dates,” Teacher’s Day in the USSR was celebrated on the first Sunday in October. The teaching profession was one of the most respected in the USSR. Russian statesman Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin called teachers “engineers of human souls.” And in the New Year's Soviet film itself, there is a very accurate phrase: “teachers’ mistakes are not so noticeable, but in the end they are no less expensive” than doctors’ mistakes. By the end of the 19th century, the level of literacy in the Russian Empire was incredibly low for a country that had embarked on the path of industrial development. The first serious studies were carried out in 1897, their results are today recognized by both domestic and foreign scientists. According to these data, the country had only 21.1% of the population literate. The rest could neither write nor read. To be fair, it is worth noting that the state tried to solve this problem. The level of general literacy began to increase, but wars reduced the results of these efforts to zero. The fact that the western regions, in which considerable funds were invested to raise the level of literacy, were occupied and never returned to the country, also played a role. After the end of the civil war, the issue of eliminating illiteracy was one of the first on the agenda. A special emergency commission was created to deal with this problem. In the 1920s, special courses for teacher training began to be introduced and educational literature began to be published. The first to learn to read and write were Red Army soldiers, Komsomol members, members of trade unions and state farms. Each locality in which the number of illiterate people exceeded 15 people was required to have its own liquidation center. Initially, the curriculum included reading, writing, and counting, but later it was supplemented and expanded. By 1934, universal primary education was introduced everywhere, and the problem of illiteracy in the USSR was completely solved. The position of teachers in the USSR today often becomes a subject of controversy. Many people say that life was bad for teachers in those days, they earned little, but at the same time many other positive aspects are “forgotten.” For example, if a teacher took charge of class management, extracurricular activities, and was involved in clubs and sections, then his salary could already be compared with the income of an experienced engineer who spent much more time at work. Young teachers first received a room in a dormitory, and later they were given separate apartments. There was no need to worry about the education of our own children and “save for college” from their birth. In the USSR, higher education remained free. Rural teachers had additional benefits. For example, they were exempt from paying utility bills. Local village councils also provided them with free firewood or coal during the heating season. Teachers could receive literature for free to broaden their horizons; for this they only had to subscribe to periodicals. The prestige of the teaching profession grew from the very first years of the formation of the Soviet state. School played an important role in the life of every child and teenager. Teachers not only invested the necessary knowledge into fragile minds, but also largely determined the future personality of the child. The school took on an educational function. In the process of education, children were instilled with pride in their Motherland and formed ideological beliefs. The relationship between students and teachers was not limited to school. This was the main feature of Soviet education. The teacher became not only a teacher for the child, but also a friend, adviser, and senior comrade. He worried about his academic performance and delved into family problems. The teacher was an indisputable authority not only for the child, but also for his parents. This course was set by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who wanted to raise the teacher “to such a height at which he has never stood and does not stand and cannot stand in bourgeois society.” If your school years were spent during the times of the USSR, then Soviet Teacher's Day on the first Sunday of October is an excellent occasion to remember your mentors and congratulate them on the holiday.

Harvest Festival in Germany (Erntedankfest)

Old age is often called the autumn of life. Aging of the body is an inevitable process that requires a special approach to health and attention from gerontologists. The golden time is the time to take stock of life and retire to a well-deserved rest.

October 1st is the Day of Walking the Streets of Vanished Cities. Many will now ask where to look for these disappeared cities? The answer is simple - everywhere. You do not know and cannot be 100% sure what kind of settlement was on the site of your city or village hundreds and thousands of years ago. Famous disappeared cities include Babylon, Uruk, La Venta, and Sarai-Batu. There is no need to pick up history and geography textbooks to find the exact location of these cities that have disappeared forever. You also won’t need to spend money on tickets or create complex routes to get to the ruins of the famous disappeared city. It is enough to use your imagination to try to imagine what exactly was on the site of your settlement a couple of hundred or thousand years ago. Those who are especially curious can visit the local local history museum; there will probably be information to think about what was in your city before. Celebrating is very simple - you set the framework for immersion in the forgotten past yourself. If there are archaeological sites of old cities in your locality, then you can visit them. You shouldn’t set a sumptuous table in the ruins; it’s better to come up with some old outfits, sing songs of the peoples of bygone times, and learn at least a few words from their language. This way you will broaden your horizons, have fun, and honor the memory of your ancestors. Arriving at your designated place of celebration, you can say: “Hello, City, we remember you, we are back.” If you have skills in working with graphic editors, then you can create greeting cards and send them to your friends. They will probably be interested in information about which disappeared city or town was previously in the place of your city. Accompany the postcard with a short and interesting story, so you can maintain communication and amuse your acquaintances and friends. The reasons for the disappearance of cities are almost always the same: wars, earthquakes, fires, epidemics. If humanity has not yet learned to find protection from all natural disasters, then we can easily cope with wars and economic crises. We must remember that people themselves build cities and often destroy them themselves. This holiday was also invented in order to protect existing cities from destruction by human hands.

October 1 is International Coffee Day. The idea of ​​this holiday arose recently - in 2014, when it was decided to gather all the famous producers of this drink for a social event. A year later, 35 countries around the world have already joined the celebration. In honor of the holiday, residents of these countries were offered more than 70 entertainment programs. And two years later, the number of countries that decided to celebrate this day increased to 54. The number of events dedicated to Coffee Day also increased to 135. In recent years, the topics of most conferences held on this day have revolved around the challenges facing the world's coffee suppliers. We ordinary coffee drinkers know little about these difficulties. The fact is that the growth in the production of coffee beans, which in recent years has exceeded all forecasts, has affected the price of the product. The cost of our morning cup of ristretto is unlikely to have changed much, but plantation owners have noted a drop in annual income. Today, as a result of the decline in the cost of goods, many of them can no longer afford to buy fertilizers and equipment, hire new employees, etc. To support coffee producers, citizens of countries around the world can sign the petition provided by the International Coffee Organization and located on its official website. This document is a request from producers to provide them with decent wages. The authors of the petition hope to get at least 5,000 signatures, and hopefully they will succeed. • After giving way to water, coffee is considered the second most consumed drink in the world. • About 3 million cups of coffee are brewed on Earth every day. • Residents of Scandinavian countries drink the most coffee. • The word coffee comes from the Arabic “Qahhwat Al-bun”, translated as “wine made from grains”. • Coffee beans are the seeds of the fruit of the coffee tree, which grows up to 6 meters in height. • It has been proven that drinking coffee can speed up our metabolism by 3% to 11%. • It is the second best-selling product in the world, along with Coca-Cola. • Brazil is the largest producer of Arabica coffee in the world. This country's harvest accounts for 30.16% of the world's harvest. • In Korea, there are themed coffee shops related to the anime tradition. And in other countries, like in our homeland, there are cat cafes where, in addition to drinking a cup of aromatic Americano, you can pet domestic cats. • There is one interesting cafe in Japan that has its own pool with coffee instead of water. Customers are invited to bathe in this drink. • There is one establishment in France whose employees are extremely scrupulous about the manners of their guests. If a customer doesn't say hello upon entering and doesn't say the magic "you're welcome," they'll be denied their cup of café au lait or forced to pay more for it. • In Argentina there is a drink called “tear” (“la lágrima”). To prepare it, waiters in Buenos Aires pour foamy milk into a glass and then add a splash of strong espresso. It’s not difficult to figure out how to celebrate this significant day. Make yourself a cup of your favorite espresso, and also enjoy eating classic tiramisu in a cute city pastry shop. In addition, connoisseurs of recipes containing bitter grains should share their experience of preparing these delicacies on social networks on this day. And, of course, on Coffee Day, no one should be left without a pleasant conversation over a cup of cappuccino in a cozy cafe, whose coffee menu seems endless.

“A smile makes a gloomy day brighter, a smile makes a rainbow wake up in the sky,” sings the character of the famous Soviet cartoon, released in 1974. It was not for nothing that the main character of this fairy tale story was the raccoon - an intelligent, good-natured and extremely curious animal that lives in the wild. nature of North and Central America. These mammals are also common in Japan and Western and Eastern Europe, where they were introduced in the 1920s. Fashionistas of that time sported silver or brown fur coats made from raccoons, which were bred on farms in Germany and France. The animals try to stay away from people and live near water bodies and in wild forests. However, according to prevailing stereotypes, raccoons are treated as pests. This approach is incorrect: furry animals bring great benefits to nature, being forest nurses. Raccoons eat sick birds and animals, some types of poisonous mushrooms and parasitic insects. Therefore, it is very important to take care of preserving their natural habitat and the size of the predator population. For this purpose, International Raccoon Appreciation Day was established. The celebration was first celebrated in 2002 in California. In honor of International Raccoon Conservation Day, various educational events are held. Their organizers talk about the lifestyle of small predators and their role in the development of biologically rich communities. Raccoons eat not only sick animals and birds, but also mosquito larvae, rotten tree leaves, carrion in the form of berries and fruits, preventing pests from developing in their flesh. The vital activity of these animals helps maintain the ecosystem of the area where they live in balance. Scientists distinguish 4 species of mammals of this family, of which the most common is the striped raccoon. The first mentions of it are found in the records of Christopher Columbus during his journey to the shores of North America. Despite the passage of centuries, scientists still have not resolved the dilemma of what genus this predatory mammal belongs to. Some believe that they belong to dogs, others to badgers, and others to cats. However, strange as it may sound, the closest relative of the raccoon from a biological point of view is the bear. The animals live in tree hollows or burrows, from which they drive other animals out. When threatened with attack, the raccoon actively resists - growls at the enemy and bites. But if it is possible to avoid a fight, the animal falls to the ground and very skillfully pretends to be dead. Another manifestation of raccoon intelligence is memory. They have a very high IQ level. The animal remembers the algorithm for solving any life problem for 3 years. For a very long time it was believed that raccoons are loners. Today evidence has emerged of their social lifestyle. The female, her offspring and sometimes the male stick together and distribute responsibilities to protect their territory from enemies. It is easy to find a common language and establish friendly relations with raccoons that live close to a person’s home. To do this, you should not get too close to them and feed them food that is not found in the wild. People keep raccoons as pets and get a lot of pleasure from interacting with these intelligent animals. Animals can be found in most zoos in the world. They get along well within the same enclosure with representatives of the canine family - raccoon dogs. But optimal conditions for their habitat are still provided by wild nature. Therefore, all concerned people, concerned about the decline in the population of these mammals, celebrate International Raccoon Conservation Day on October 1.

The application of indelible images to the body has been practiced by people since Neolithic times. Tattoos have long been tattooed by representatives of the indigenous peoples of North and South America, East Asia and the islands of Oceania. Thus, numerous drawings on the body are an identifying mark of the Japanese belonging to the Yakuza clan. Some of the works of modern tattoo salon artists are as beautiful as works of fine art. A holiday has been established in honor of representatives of the ancient craft. October 1 is World Tattoo Day. The celebration appeared on the calendar in 2005. In Russia, the history of applying permanent images to the body is rooted in the distant past and traditions of the criminal world. Therefore, the initiator of the establishment of the holiday was the Moscow Club of Tattooed People. Branding of prisoners was practiced back in Tsarist Russia. In Soviet camps and prisons, the convict ordered a tattoo, an element of the identification-hierarchical system, so that those around him could learn more about his character and abilities, and the circumstances of life in freedom. The tattoo and its location on the body helped determine the status of the criminal, religion and attitude towards the law. In Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century. tattoos were done only by sailors, gangsters and circus performers. Tattooal, permanent makeup, became popular among women in the 1920s. Society's rejection of tattoos forced the fair sex to hide the presence of tattoos on their faces. 20 years later, multi-colored permanent paints appeared, which diversified the design of images applied to the skin. In the 1970s, tattoos, popularized by rock musicians, ceased to be associated with social outcasts. Today, drawings on the body are not only an attribute of belonging to a certain social group, but also a way of self-expression for men and women of all ages. In the 21st century Organic pigments, tattoo machines with needles, transfer paper and pens, and other consumables are used to apply images. Thanks to modern equipment and technologies, complex and multi-layered designs are created that do not fade or wash off. The history of the development of tattoo culture is replete with a large number of names of artists and unusual facts. Thus, the Dutch neo-conceptual artist Wim Delvoye opened ART-FARM near Beijing in 2004. On its territory he tattoos pigs. After the death of artiodactyls, their skins or carcasses after taxidermy are acquired by connoisseurs of beautiful things for interior decoration. Swiss Tim Steiner asked to have the Mexican Calavera skull, bats, a praying girl and other popular designs painted on his back. Since 2006, the former tattoo parlor manager has presented himself as a unique exhibit, sitting for hours with his bare back to the audience to display images. Tim Steiner has participated in a dozen exhibitions in various museums around the world, including the Louvre. This unusual work of art was sold in 2008. German collector Rick Reinking purchased the tattooed skin for 150 thousand euros, which, according to the agreement, after Steiner’s death would be removed from his back and hung in a frame on the wall. Not all visitors to tattoo parlors are ready to wear tattooed images for the rest of their days. People contact artists to remove drawings due to a change in worldview and the loss of relevance of inscriptions made in honor of former lovers, wives and husbands. The procedure is performed using a picosecond laser. It is held throughout the year, but often they try to coincide with August 14 - Tattoo Removal Day in Russia. However, before you start removing a tattoo, you need to fill it first. World-famous artists can most often be found in Los Angeles. According to statistics, in Italy more than 48% of the population have at least one permanent image on the skin, in Sweden - 47%, and in the USA - 46%. Russia does not lag behind global trends. The ideal time to congratulate professionals on the holiday and apply a design is World Tattoo Day, which is celebrated on October 1.

The Orthodox Church celebrates on this day the feast of the martyr Ariadne, who suffered for her faith in Christian times. On Arina Rosehip Day, it is customary to prepare rose hips, rich in vitamin C, for the winter. At this time, they have accumulated the maximum amount of ascorbic acid.

The first postal message appeared in Mesopotamia about 5 thousand years ago. People used letters to convey various types of information. Payment for delivery services was made by purchasing stamps that were affixed to the envelopes. In 1844, the first telegram was sent. This was done by the famous inventor of the alphabet consisting of 5 characters, Samuel Morse. The text of the first telegram was short - it said: “What has God done?” Postcards with color pictures appeared thanks to the tradition of sending Christmas greetings to family and friends. One of the first was painted by the English artist William Dobson in 1794. Inventor and businessman Henry Cole ordered 1,000 cards with a picture of his family and Merry Christmas greetings for his relatives and friends in 1843. They were a cardboard sheet measuring 9 x 14 cm. However, this did not become an epoch-making event and the reason for the establishment of World Postcard Day. The form for writing an open letter in our usual form appeared towards the end of the 19th century. On its front side there was the emblem of the postal service and a rectangle for a stamp. On the back there was space for writing text. The birthday of the postcard, which forever remained in history and became an international holiday, is considered to be October 1, 1869. It was on this date that the world’s first postcard with a stamp was printed in the Vienna printing house. Previously, open letters were sent only in envelopes. The texts of the messages on the front side of postcards after the start of using thematic drawings and photographs were standard: “Merry Christmas!”, “Congratulations!”, “I give to the one I love,” “Dear girlfriend.” However, there were also cards with text written in advance on behalf of the sender. So, during the Russian-Japanese War of 1905-1907. soldiers of the Land of the Rising Sun sent home postcards with the following content: “I inform you that I am alive and well. I am not providing an address, because I don’t know where I will be tomorrow, but your letters will reach me if you correctly rewrite everything that is printed on the postmark ". The 1925 Universal Postal Congress established an international standard for postcards. Its size has increased compared to the original to 10.5 x 14.8 cm. Cards of original shape and size have left their mark on the history of postal messages. So, in the 1920s. tourists vacationing in Crimea and other Black Sea resorts sent home postcards in the form of wood sheets with a stamp sewn onto them. This fact is mentioned in an English philatelic magazine. The largest postcard, with an area of ​​more than 400 m2 and weighing almost 120 kg, was received by the Siberian Communications Museum in 2007. The project of its creation was timed to coincide with the City Day of Novosibirsk. Another giant postal card was sent in December 2019 to the address of the residence of Father Frost, located in Veliky Ustyug. A postcard with an area of ​​several m2 and weighing 30 kg was drawn by young artists from St. Petersburg. The field of collecting, called philocarty, studies and systematizes this type of mail. The peak of popularity of this hobby occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century. At this time, a mass production of postcards was launched on various topics (geography, history, technology, sports, art), which were distinguished by high artistic and printing performance. Their electronic analogues today, which users of instant messengers and social networks like to send, are inferior to printed products of 100 or even 20 years ago in terms of aesthetic content and depth of content. Ancient postcards are part of the country's historical and cultural heritage, a calling card of the time of their creation. They are a kind of bridge that transmits ideas and life values ​​from one generation to another. The birthday postcard encourages you to remember this.

World Cocoa and Chocolate Day

All-Russian Walking Day

Baltic Herring Festival in Finland

Day of Workers of the Prosecutor's Office of Azerbaijan

National Lace Day in the USA

Veteran's Day in Ukraine

Poetry Day in the UK (National Poetry Day)

National Black Dog Day in the USA

Viennese Coffee Day in Austria

Teachers and Mentors Day in Uzbekistan

Founding Day of the People's Republic of China

Cameroon Unification Day

Republic of Cyprus Independence Day

Nigerian Independence Day

Sake Day in Japan (Japanese Wine Day, Nihon-shu-no Hi)

Tuvalu Independence Day

National Homemade Cookies Day in the USA

National Hair Day

National Fire Pup Day in the USA

Orthodox holidays on October 1:

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God “Tseitelnitsa”

Memorial Day of St. Hilarion of Optina

Memorial Day of St. Evmeniy Gortynsky

October 1 according to the Orthodox calendar - Glorification of St. Euphrosyne of Suzdal. The Day of Remembrance of the Blessed Princess falls on October 8. In the world her name was Feodulia Chernigovskaya. She steadfastly endured all the trials sent to her lot, and became the embodiment of patience, which is characteristic of Russian women. The princess’s feat was accomplished through prayer and labor, and then bequeathed to all the people of the Russian land. The Monk Euphrosyne was born into the family of Prince Mikhail of Chernigov in 1212. The noble prince and his wife Feofania could not have children for a long time and often prayed in the Kiev Pechersk Monastery, hoping that God would give them a child. While praying, the Most Holy Theotokos appeared to them three times and told the couple that a daughter would soon be born into the princely family, whose name would be Theodulia, and that in the future she would serve in the Blachernae Church. After some time, the prediction came true and the prince gave birth to a girl, who, according to the word of the Mother of God, was named Theodulia. The baptismal ceremony was carried out in the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, and the abbot himself became her godfather. When Theodulia grew up, her father began to teach his daughter the Holy Scriptures. Boyar Theodore, who was the wisest and most educated at court, was assigned as a mentor to the princess. He taught the girl to read and write and instilled in her a love of ancient literature. In 1233, she was betrothed to the young Prince Fyodor Yaroslavovich, who was the brother of Alexander Nevsky. The young girl did not contradict the will of her parents, but secretly dreamed of an Ionian life. They decided to hold the wedding in Suzdal, but the princess was not destined to become a wife, since the young groom suddenly died right during the feast. After this, Theodulia persuaded the abbess, who served in the Blachernae church, to accept her into the temple. On September 25, she took monastic vows and received a new name - Euphrosyne. The parents accepted this and decided to submit to the will of God. The young nun spent most of her time in prayer, and studied the word of God at night. Euphrosyne could abstain from eating for weeks, drinking only water in small quantities. Soon the Savior appeared in her and commanded her to strengthen herself in feat. Thanks to the actions of the saint, the monastery in which she lived became known as the best in all of Rus'. Soon, many people began to come to the monastery for Euphrosyne’s advice, who wanted to hear her teachings about obedience, humility, prayer and love. When epidemics began in Rus', the Mother of God appeared to Euphrosyne of Suzdal and awarded her the gift of healing. After this, the saint was able to treat people with serious illnesses. After some time, God rewarded her with the gift of prophecy. Euphrosyne predicted the martyrdom of her father and the imminent death of her mentor, the abbess. During the offensive of Batu's troops, the monastery where the saint lived survived thanks to her prayers. During a trip to the Horde, her father was executed. After his martyrdom, the girl spent many days in prayer. Soon the abbess died at the monastery and Euphrosyne assumed spiritual leadership. After that, she lived in complete self-denial and strictly fulfilled all obligations. People revered her for her gifts of grace and maternal responsiveness. Shortly before the Monk Euphrosyne left this world, she had a vision in which she saw the Most Holy Theotokos, who asked the Son of God to save the city from an earthquake. After this, her father came to her along with Boyarin Fedor and informed her of her imminent death. On September 25, 1250, the Monk Euphrosyne passed away into another world. This happened exactly seventeen years after she took monastic vows. On September 18, 1698, her glorification took place. The incorrupt relics of the saint were in the Deposition of Robe Monastery. At the tomb of Euphrosyne of Suzdal, believers began to receive grace-filled help. It is especially effective in healing those who are possessed by evil spirits. During her life, she waged a constant battle with demons and was able to defeat them through humility and prayers. After her death, the saint helps in liberation from the evil force that torments the soul and body of a person.