Birthdays are celebrated not only by people, but also by the letters of the Russian alphabet. "Yo", one of the youngest letters, appeared relatively recently - in 1783. The initiator of its introduction into use at a meeting of the Russian Academy dedicated to the project of an explanatory dictionary was E.R. Dashkova. The princess drew attention to the fact that the sound “ё” is conveyed in writing by two letters “io”, which is not correct. The initiative of Catherine II's favorite was supported by the famous poet G.R. Derzhavin, playwright D.I. Fonvizin, linguist I.I. Lepyokhin and other academicians. The date of the meeting, November 29, became the birthday of the letter “e”. The innovation was offered to be evaluated by Metropolitan Gabriel of St. Petersburg and Novgorod, a member of the Academy. Despite his approval, the new letter was not accepted by the majority of the population of Imperial Russia for a long time. It was believed that only commoners and the mob use “e” in their speech, while cultured and noble people should speak “e” in the church manner. Opponents of the use of letters were the poets A.P. Sumarokov and V.K. Trediakovsky. In 1784, the new letter received official recognition - G. Derzhavin and other members of the Academy began to use it in personal correspondence. However, in the printing house at Moscow University, the first stencil for transferring letters on letters was made only in 1795. The use of the symbol was associated with some difficulties due to its greater height than the standard one. The letter “ё” for writing the words “everything”, “light” and others began to be used in the collection of stories “My Trinkets” by I.I. Dmitriev. A year later, it will appear in N. Karamzin’s book of poems “Anodes”. The poet used the letter in the words “dawn”, “flowed”, “eagle”, “moth” and “tears”. The letter took its place in the alphabet in the 1860s on the initiative of V.I. Dahl, who placed it next to “e” in the first edition of the explanatory dictionary. But L.N. Tolstoy made “е” the 31st letter in his “New ABC”. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia erroneously attributes the authorship of “yo” to N. Karamzin. The poet did not invent it, but used it when writing poetry. However, for some reason Karamzin did not consider it necessary to write words with “e” in his scientific works - for example, in “History of the Russian State.” The controversial letter was recognized as “desirable, but not obligatory” in 1912 by the Spelling Commission of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, and in 1918 by the People’s Commissar of Education A. Lunocharsky. And only in 1942, on the initiative of the RSFSR Commissioner V. Potemkin, it became mandatory for schoolchildren to use the letter “e” in writing. At the same time, she was assigned 7th place in the alphabet. Despite the frequent replacement of “ё” with “e” in printed publications, there are requirements for compliance with the rules and use of the symbol with two dots in school textbooks, when writing proper names in documents issued to citizens by executive authorities. The path of the letter from the moment of its appearance throughout its existence was quite difficult. Apparently, out of a desire to pay tribute to this ambiguous symbol, a funny holiday was established on November 29 - the Day of the letter "e".

The service sector, compared to other areas of human activity, differs in a number of features. One of them is an individual approach to the client. The culture of service provision is based on the fact that the consumer of goods or services is always right. This principle illustrates the process of fighting for a buyer or customer, which is done primarily for the sake of profitability. However, on November 29, a funny holiday is celebrated - “The Customer is Not Always Right” Day. Capitalism as an economic system aims to satisfy the needs of consumers. The free market is based on reconciling supply and demand and making money from the provision of goods and services. The date of World Consumer Rights Day, established by the UN in 1983, falls on March 15th. The phrase “The customer is always right,” which is directly related to this holiday, is attributed to the owner of the Selfridge chain of London department stores, Harry Gordon Selfridge. His statement has been the trademark slogan of shopping centers since 1924. With this expression, the owner of the department stores wanted to demonstrate the customer focus of his business. According to another version, the author of the famous phrase is millionaire Marshall Field, an American entrepreneur, founder of the Marshall Field & Company trading network, who lived at the end of the 19th century. However, not all representatives of business and enterprises operating in the service sector agree with the statement “The customer is always right.” The UK's largest hotel chain, where up to 19 million guests stay annually, conducted a sample and voiced the most eccentric and absurd requests from guests. The employees of the English Travelodge chain, consisting of 570 hotels of various categories, did a lot of work in 2019. They collected the most unusual requests and wishes of guests who were guided by the principle “The customer is always right”: • wake up the guest at a certain time using the sounds of bagpipes, because he loves this musical instrument;• prepare a bunk bed for the dogs with whom the tourist checked into the hotel, because his pets are used to sleeping on it at home;• organize a view from the window in the form of the northern lights;• record a voice message for the hotel staff in Scotland Sean Connery - one of the performers of the role of the iconic agent 007; • provide a flock of sheep under the windows, because this helps the guest fall asleep quickly;• hire a nanny for your daughter’s hamster and send her by mail to another county. Due to their impossibility, the staff rejects these and other demands of the guests with a constant smile on their faces. Although in one of the 5* hotels of the chain there is an employee whose job responsibilities include heating the beds of guests before they go to bed. Experts say that the famous expression in its original version goes like this: “Assume that the customer is always right until the opposite becomes obvious.” This phrase is most true. In most cases, the consumer of goods or services thinks only about himself, often makes mistakes, has no idea about the structure of the finished product, and therefore demands the impossible. In addition, endless indulgence in the whims of service users demotivates the organization's employees. “The Customer is Not Always Right” Day encourages you to look at the other side of the coin - the absurdity of some consumer claims and the endless fulfillment of their requests. The Customer is Wrong Day holiday allows store sellers, employees of public service enterprises and other professionals whose activities involve constant communication with buyers of goods and customers of services to “breathe out” once a year.

Architects, designers, engineers, welders, crane operators and representatives of other professions work on the construction of bridges. The reliability of structures, long service life and aesthetic appearance depend on the quality of their work. November 29th is a holiday with the funny name "Mostoday". On this day, everyone who is involved in the construction of arched and movable, concrete and stone, beam and spacer, railway and pedestrian road structures is honored. This is interesting: The most ancient form of bridge is considered to be the clapper. The structure consists of flat slabs supported by pillars in the form of a pile of dumped stones. An example of a compressed type bridge is the Clapper bridge of the 13th century. over the East Dart River in England. The arched shape with a curved lower part in the form of carved semicircles is considered no less ancient. Achievements of engineering art cross various natural landscapes, rise above rivers and seas, and connect cities, countries and even continents. Gone are the days when bridges had a simple design and were used for the movement of pedestrians and horse-drawn vehicles. Today they are masterpieces of engineering, which impress with their size and architectural solutions. One of the most beautiful pedestrian structures is considered to be built in the 14th century. The Charles Bridge. It is located in the center of Prague. The bridge, made in the Gothic style and decorated with 30 sculptures and a statue, connects the banks of the Vltava River. This is interesting: The Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest in the world. The railway bridge connects the cities of Shanghai and Nanjing. Its length is 164.8 km, of which 9 km are under water. The Brooklyn Bridge, built in 1883, is considered one of the most famous in the world. The structure over the East River is recognized in the United States as a National Historical and Cultural Monument. The bridge connecting Manhattan with Brooklyn is a frequent “hero” in films by Woody Allen, Martin Scorsese and other directors. There is a road structure in Turkey that connects Europe with Asia. This is the 1,560 m long Bosphorus suspension bridge, built in 1973. The busiest single-span structure is the Howard in India, built in 1943. 150,000 pedestrians and about 100,000 vehicles cross the bridge every day. This is interesting: The Somerset drawbridge, built in 1620, is considered the smallest in the world. It connects Sandys County with the main island of the Bermuda archipelago. When the two parts of the structure are separated, a gap of 45 cm is formed, which allows yachts passing through the strait. All tourist guides to England feature Tower Bridge. A historical landmark of London, connecting the banks of the Thames, was built in 1894. Tower Bridge is decorated with two Gothic towers 65 m high, serving as intermediate supports. The northern capital of Russia is famous for its architectural masterpieces, many of which are the hallmark of St. Petersburg. Tourists from all over the world come to white nights and water excursions with the raising of bridges. The rivers and canals of the city are decorated with about 342 stone and concrete structures, the oldest of which dates back to 1738. No less famous are the graceful bridges of Venice, connecting the 128th island of the city on the water. The history of many of them is connected with ancient legends - the escape from prison of the adventurer Giacomo Casanova and other legends. Mostoden is dedicated to standard engineering structures and real masterpieces that impress with the flight of thought of designers and beauty. And although the funny and touching Bridge Day is not an official holiday, it is celebrated on November 29 in many countries around the world.

The jaguar is the third largest and largest member of the cat family. The population of the predator, which lives in North and South America, is declining at a catastrophic rate. International Jaguar Day, which is celebrated annually on November 29, is called upon to draw attention to the problem of the disappearance of this species of wild animals. International Jaguar Day was established by the UN in 2018. Experts count 9 species of jaguars: Peruvian, Amazonian, Texan, Paraguayan, Mexican, Arizona, Brazilian, Central American and Yucatan. The predator has been exterminated across a significant part of its habitat. Hunters are engaged in shooting jaguars for the sake of valuable skins, and cattle breeders are engaged in shooting for the sake of preserving the livestock of the herd. The representative of the cat family is listed in the Red Book as an endangered species of the panther genus. Over the past 20 years, the population has decreased by 25%. Jaguar hunting is permitted with restrictions in Bolivia, Brazil and Mexico. In El Salvador and Uruguay, the wild cat has been completely exterminated. The spotted, sandy-yellow predator is reminiscent of cheetahs, leopards and ocelots. Each jaguar is unique. The color is not repeated, just like human fingerprints. A panther is a black jaguar, not a separate species of animal. Dark skin color is a manifestation of melanism, a black version of the genotype, i.e. atypical color of the individual. The jaguar's strong jaw allows it to easily bite through the skin of a crocodile and split the shell of a turtle. Hunting and obtaining food for predators is facilitated by the ability to swim and climb trees. The area of ​​the animal's habitat varies between 30-100 km. The jaguar walks around its perimeter 3 times a month. The animal is calm towards members of its population, but is very hostile towards other cats. The name "jaguar" is translated from the Guarani Indian language as "one who kills with one leap." This very accurately describes his hunting style. The best warriors of the ancient Mayans could be called jaguars and wear the skin of the predators they killed. The Indians worshiped this animal, considering it sacred, which cannot be said about the immigrants to America from Europe. Due to uncontrolled extermination, the Texas jaguar species has completely disappeared. The weight of an adult wild cat ranges from 56-120 kg. She is the fastest representative of the animal world, because. develops speeds of up to 80 km/h while running. This is partly why the jaguar is the symbol of the transnational car manufacturing company Jaguar Land Rover. The disappearance of jaguars is associated with poaching and human use of forests for agricultural and industrial development. The animal lacks the prey it previously hunted in the wild, so the predator is forced to raid livestock. International Jaguar Day calls for solutions to these problems, which are aimed at preventing population decline and preserving a unique representative of the cat family.

Teenagers most often engage in risky sports. The craving for adventure increases in children between 9 and 14 years old and reaches a peak at 16-18, which is explained by hormonal changes in adolescence. Active leisure activities for young people include roofing (moving around the city on protruding parts of buildings), parkour (high-speed overcoming of obstacles by jumping) and digging (exploring tunnels, mines, caves, underground rivers and communications).

Day of formation of territorial-national autonomy of Bashkortostan

For a long period, the Arab and Jewish peoples coexisted relatively peacefully in Palestine. But after the First World War, a mandate was signed declaring Britain's right to rule Palestine. The emigration of Jews to its territory, promoted by Britain, took place, and after the Second World War their number accounted for a third of the country's population. A conflict began to brew, the Jews claimed to regain the lands of Palestine that previously belonged to them. And in 1947, a war began between the Jewish and Arab peoples. The UN acted as a mediator of the situation. On November 29, 1947, she signed her resolution, which proposed dividing the territory of the warring nations into two parts. The option suited Israel, but the leader of the Palestinian people refused partition. As a result, Israel declared independence in 1948. The Palestinian population lost their lands; a significant part of the inhabitants, under pressure from the invaders, were forced to immigrate to neighboring countries, leaving their homes. In 1977, the UN, supporting the inalienable rights of Palestinians, declared November 29 as the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People. This day cannot be called a holiday, but it is celebrated annually in various branches of the UN member states and its headquarters, as well as organizations that are somehow related to the problem of the Palestinians. Since 2005, a tradition has emerged to hold relevant exhibitions, informing the world community about the events in Palestine. In addition, thematic films are shown, and special messages supporting the displaced population are broadcast through the media. There are just over eight million Palestinians worldwide. Most of them live in lands occupied by Israel, the rest are concentrated in large diasporas in nearby countries. Those less fortunate are forced into refugee camps whose conditions would horrify a civilized society. Refugees are discriminated against by being refused regular paid jobs; their children have difficulty enrolling in schools and universities. Today, Palestine is supported and recognized by more than 130 countries of the world, and the UN raised its flag next to all the flags of the participating states. But this has little effect on the situation of the inhabitants of the disadvantaged country themselves. The territorial issue of this people remains open; the Palestinians still have to defend the rights of independence of their nation, as well as abandoned property.

November 29 marks the national holiday Matveyev Day. On this day, Orthodox Christians remember one of the 12 apostles, Levi Matthew. Before accepting Christianity, he was a wealthy man leading a sinful lifestyle. Matthew served as a tax collector - a publican. This position was disrespected in Jewish society; people usually shunned cruel tax collectors. One day Levi was sitting near the tollhouse - the place where taxes were collected. Jesus Christ, passing by him, ordered him to follow him. Levi, imbued with faith in the Lord, became a disciple of Christ. Many tax collectors, following the example of Matthew Levi, also received baptism. 8 years after the death of his Teacher, the apostle decided to preach Christianity to other nations. Then the Jerusalem Christians asked him to leave them the teachings of the Lord. This is how the Gospel of Matthew appeared. Having traveled around many countries, the evangelist came to the city of Mirmeny. There he built a church and turned to the Lord with a request to help convert the local bloodthirsty residents to Christianity. The Lord appeared to him in the form of a young man with a rod in his hands and ordered him to place the rod at the entrance to the church. The evangelist did just that. The rod immediately turned into a beautiful tree, and a spring gushed near its roots. The city residents began to eat the fruits of the tree and drink the water. This food transformed them, and they believed in Christ. The prince of the city tried several times to execute the apostle by burning him, but the evangelist’s body always remained untouched. Levi Matthew himself gave his soul to God by praying. In the modern world, the Apostle Matthew Levi is considered the patron saint of accountants and customs officers. People called this day “Sweat Winter” because it was often warmer. On November 29, there was a tradition of going to visit friends and relatives. If unwanted guests visited the home, then after they left they washed the floors, wiped the front door, windows and mirrors. If the long-awaited guests did not appear, then to speed their arrival, they stuck a needle into the handle of a broom and placed it at the threshold. The table for Matthew was fast and modest, as Philip's fast continued. Housewives were forbidden to put alcoholic drinks on the table on this day; instead, they treated guests to sbiten. Intimate conversations held at the Lenten table were called Matveyev's gatherings. On this day, people performed various rituals to preserve harmony and peace in the family. Matvey was advised to start important matters and make decisions. On November 29, it was strictly forbidden to wear red clothes and look in the mirror. Otherwise, you could invite misfortune upon yourself. On November 29, churches hold special services, reading troparia and kontakion dedicated to the Apostle Matthew Levi. Signs:• If cold weather sets in on November 29, then the winter will be just as severe.• Warm weather foreshadows a mild winter.• A strong wind blows - the winter will be windy.• If winds blow on Matvey, then they will blow until St. Nicholas the Winter (December 19 ).• The moon is not visible at night, which means that cold weather will come soon.• Low-floating clouds predict cold weather.• If snow falls, it will not melt until spring.

Albania Liberation Day(Dita e Clirimit)

Orthodox holidays November 29:

Memorial Day of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist Matthew

Memorial Day of the Hieromartyr Philoumen

Memorial Day of Saint Fulvian Bishop of Ethiopia