November 17 marks the annual International Students Day. A holiday of memory and mourning for students who shed blood during the Second World War. It was established in London at an anti-Nazi congress in 1942. On October 28, 1939, a demonstration took place in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia to mark the anniversary of the creation of the country. Students and teachers of many universities in the country took to the streets with banners and slogans. During the dispersal of demonstrators by the fascist occupiers, a medical student, Jan Opletal, was shot dead, which gave rise to a wave of indignation in the country and new protests. On November 15, the day of the funeral of a deceased friend, riots broke out again in the country. The urgent critical situation pushed the fascists to extreme measures. Several dozen people were arrested on the same day. A day later, on November 17, occupier units surrounded student dormitories and educational institutions. About 1,200 people were sent to concentration camps. Nine people were executed without trial in prison basements. All universities in the country, by order of Hitler, were closed until the end of the war. Since 1942, November 17 has been considered the Day of International Student Solidarity, a day of remembrance for the untimely departed leaders of the movement, a tribute to the memory of all students who died during the Second World War. On this day, traditional memorial services are held in churches. A ceremony is being held at Opletal's grave. In 1989, more than 75 thousand students from all over the world gathered for a memorial meeting on the 50th anniversary of Jan’s death. Celebrations dedicated to the victims of Nazism take place around the world on November 17th. Flowers, candles, and treats are laid at the monuments. Each university takes part in the celebration of this significant date. Radio and television programs periodically broadcast rare footage of surviving post-war chronicles. School students are told about the holiday and its history. The goal of teachers and students around the world who sacredly honor this memorable date is the opportunity to call people to kindness, warmth, a peaceful sky and never allow this to happen again.

Many parents look forward to the birth of a child with joy. But according to statistics, one in ten babies is born earlier than expected. Premature birth poses a health hazard for both the mother and the baby. The risk is associated with low birth weight and underdeveloped lungs of the newborn. According to the World Health Organization, premature babies are babies weighing half a kilogram or more and born between 22 and 37 weeks of pregnancy. A European parents' organization, alarmed by the rising rate of premature babies, held a meeting in 2008. It was decided to create a day dedicated to the problem of premature birth of children. November 17 was determined and, starting from 2009, this date began to be celebrated every year. The Day of Premature Babies received international status in 2011. Every year the number of countries hosting this event increases in the world. International Day of Premature Babies is celebrated by various organizations related to healthcare and childbirth, parent associations, charitable foundations, as well as everyone who wants to help the problem. A tradition is emerging of holding charity events, concerts, exhibitions that raise funds for the fund to help premature babies. Discussions and lectures are also held on television, attracting public attention to this issue. Premature babies are most often born due to premature birth. Among the reasons are the socio-economic status of the expectant mother; this may be too early the age of the mother in labor, her bad habits, stress during pregnancy, living in a polluted environment, heavy physical activity or neuropsychic instability. In addition to them, various diseases of a woman during pregnancy, carrying more than one fetus or genetic predisposition can trigger premature birth. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, it is very important for future parents to take care of their health, and when carrying a fetus under their hearts, a woman should try to avoid the above problems in order to give birth to healthy offspring. Modern clinics are able to deliver a child born with a weight of even 500 grams. Special incubators have been created to keep babies alive. They simulate conditions suitable for nursing a newborn, have double walls to maintain heat and humidity, are equipped with scales and can even be transformed into an operating table. It should be taken into account that some children born prematurely are predisposed to various diseases, including the central nervous system, and require serious rehabilitation. Some of them will lag behind in development in the future. Every year, around the world, more than a million of these children die immediately after birth. But with proper care, premature babies develop well in the future, and after a year they are no different from their peers. Some of them become talented and outstanding people. Napoleon Bonaparte, Mark Twain, Albert Einstein, Voltaire and others were such premature people in their time. So giving birth early is not a death sentence, you just need to show more love and care.

“Our service is both dangerous and difficult...” - these famous lines are perfectly suited to the profession of the district police commissioner (UPP), because the district police officer is one of the important links in the chain of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Each employee is assigned a certain territory, and citizens living there can always count on the comprehensive assistance and assistance of the district commissioner in solving many problems. The competence of the UUP includes the prevention of crime, participation in the investigation of a criminal or administrative case, the protection of the rights of citizens, and the strengthening of law and order in the entrusted territory. It's no surprise that these dedicated employees have their own "red calendar day." This is November 17, District Police Commissioner's Day. The date of the holiday was not chosen by chance. The fact is that November 17, 1923 is the day on which the institution of local police officers in Russia officially began to take shape. The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR approved the "Instructions for the local warden." On February 13, 1930, the local supervisor was renamed into the local police inspector and was called that until December 29, 2000, until the new name of the position was approved - the local police commissioner. In 2011, the famous police reform thundered throughout the country, after which the current modern name was established - the district police commissioner. At the same time, the functional responsibilities of district police officers did not survive such metamorphoses as the name of their position. Quite serious requirements are imposed on the UUP: this includes having a higher legal education, excellent physical fitness, emotional and mental stability, and simply humanity and courage. The decision to annually celebrate the day of the authorized district police officer was made relatively recently: on September 6, 2002, the acting Minister of Internal Affairs, Colonel General of Police V.A. Vasilyev signed the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation “On declaring the day of local police commissioners.” He fixed the start date for the formation of the UUP service (November 17, 1923), the date for celebrating the day of the UUP, and also charged the relevant services with developing festive events. By establishing this holiday, the Ministry of Internal Affairs set itself a more than good goal: raising the prestige of the profession, strengthening traditions, and maintaining continuity. On this day, 54 thousand employees, along with service veterans and trainees, accept congratulations from management, from their family and friends, receive awards, and participate in various special events. The holiday has become a good tradition for the internal affairs bodies. By the way, it is noteworthy that in Russia there is only one monument to a precinct commissioner. It is located in Penza. This is a monument to police captain G.A. Shelkov, who held the post in the 50s and 60s of the 20th century.

It is not known for certain when exactly the tradition of “washing” a new acquisition or some accomplishment arose, but it has long been firmly rooted in the post-Soviet space. Moreover, it was so strong that it was awarded its own holiday - the day of the washers. It is celebrated annually on November 17th. Is it a coincidence that the date coincides with the student’s day? Perhaps not, since both holidays involve libations. And if it is students who celebrate Student’s Day, then anyone can celebrate Washing Day on a grand scale. After all, everyone has a reason to “wash” something. In general, the tradition of “washing” purchases was known several centuries ago, but at that time it carried a different meaning. Washing meant sprinkling with holy water. For an ordinary peasant family, any major purchase became an extraordinary event. They could save money for things needed in the household not only for months, but also for years. And of course, I wanted them to serve for a long time and bring joy to their owners. Therefore, it was customary to invite a priest on this occasion. He sanctified the purchase, which instilled calm and optimism in its owners. With the advent of Soviet power, the church was banned, and it became difficult to officially invite a priest home. Then people began to resort to cunning. They arranged a feast, to which, among others, the priest came. He blessed the purchase, and the table was set for the guests. Later, many citizens no longer considered it necessary to invite a priest to bless a new TV or kitchen set, but the tradition of gathering guests about the purchase remained. This made it possible to quickly establish friendships and simply share joy with those close to us. Symbolically, “washing” a new item allows its owners to share their joy with their guests. It has long been believed that people sharing a meal become not strangers, but “insiders.” By treating your friends to wine and snacks, you increase your joy, as if it spreads to a wider circle of people. Therefore, the owners should worry about a good, warm atmosphere at the table. Guests should not skimp on kind words and congratulations. You should wish the receiving party prosperity, as well as many years of service for the purchased item. You can “wash” any purchase of any size, from an apartment to a new smartphone. But it’s worth talking separately about the tradition of “washing” the car. Rarely a car enthusiast dares to neglect it. It is believed that in this case the car will not last long - it will often break down or even get into an accident. There are also several specific standards of behavior for car washers: 1. Celebrate with the amount of alcohol (bottles or liters) that corresponds to the last digit of the registration number. 2. Do not “wash” the entire car. That is, a separate toast should be raised for each of the four wheels, as well as the spare and steering wheels. 3. Do not gather guests until all necessary documents for the car have been completed. 4. Be sure to put your car keys in a glass of alcohol. You can "wash" not only the purchase of a car, but also obtaining a license. In this case, it is not the keys that are lowered into the glass, but the corner of the driver’s license. The tradition of “washing shoulder straps” has also been widespread since Soviet times. Such a celebration can take place either in a restaurant or cafe, or outdoors or at someone’s home. In this case, stars are placed in a glass of vodka. The hero of the occasion must drink the glass in one gulp and kiss the stars. Only after this is the official part of the celebration considered completed.

There are probably very few people on earth who do not drink tea. This is a tasty, tonic, healthy drink that will definitely have a place on the table during breakfast, lunch or dinner. Drinking tea in itself is a source of relaxation and good emotions. The real tea fans are the British. Efficiency and pedantry are fixed at the genetic level. Nevertheless, an Englishman will always find time to tastefully drink a cup of fragrant, properly brewed drink. There are a huge number of varieties of tea. It will take more than one year to thoroughly study the tea business, to know all its nuances and subtleties. Tea production is a painstaking, labor-intensive work, akin to art and science. November 17 - Day of Discovering New Tea - is dedicated to people who would not only like to discover new tastes and properties of this drink, but are also open to learning everything unknown. Getting to know new tea varieties is useful information. It is quite possible that you will be lucky to find a type of drink that will remain “love”, if not forever, then for a long time. The purpose of the holiday is to popularize the drink throughout the world, increasing people's awareness of its exceptional taste and beneficial properties. You may want to try a higher quality product than what you drink daily. Tea is an Asian drink. However, many people call him Russian. The reason is that tea parties in Russia were extremely popular. Let's turn to the Russian classics. This is how A. S. Pushkin deliciously describes the tea traditions in the Larin family (“Eugene Onegin”): N.V. Gogol in the famous “Overcoat” noted that Akaki Akakievich, wanting to save money for a new overcoat, refused daily tea. Considering the popularity of this drink in cold and damp St. Petersburg, one can appreciate what sacrifices the official made. Drinking tea with inexpensive crackers was one of the few joys of his life. F. M. Dostoevsky was known not only as a lover, but also as a connoisseur of the fragrant invigorating drink. It is not surprising that tea appears in many of his works, such as The Brothers Karamazov, Crime and Punishment. The heroes of the works of L.N. Tolstoy and A.P. Chekhov often spend time over a cup of tea. Tea traditions are reflected in painting. Petrov-Vodkin, Kustodiev, Perov are just a small part of the extensive list of artists who captured this process on canvas. Russian tea parties, judging by these works, are not inferior in color to the world-famous Japanese ceremony. 1. The recipe for making tea dates back to 2700 BC. Out of curiosity, the Chinese emperor tried an infusion of tea tree leaves under which he was resting. He liked the new taste. By the way, the tree is called Chinese camellia. Indians dispute this fact, considering the Hindustan Peninsula to be the birthplace of the ancient drink. Maybe they are right, who knows. 2. The total number of varieties of tea in the world is at least 1500. These are only drinks made from tea leaves. Various herbal infusions are not taken into account. 3. The tester profession is the most sought after and respected in tea production. The master is required to have a well-developed taste, vision and smell. Thanks to the tester, it is possible to sort the sheet, select compositions with various aromas, and reject substandard raw materials. 4. The raw material for black, white or green tea is the leaf of a plant called Camellia Sinensis. The difference is only in the method of processing and fermentation of the leaf. The specific climate in which the bush is grown also matters. Thus, the elite variety of Assam tea is grown in the foothills of the Himalayas. By the way, the tea that is commonly called “black” in post-Soviet countries is called “red” in China because of its noble burgundy hue. The British did not immediately appreciate the drink. The leaf was added to alcoholic drinks and used to make grog. Only much later was it able to be appreciated as a self-sufficient drink. The appearance of specialized tea shops in England dates back to the 18th century.

On November 17, the holiday “Erema - stay at home” falls on the national calendar. According to the strict style, it was celebrated on November 4th. On this day, Orthodox Christians honor the memory of such holy martyrs as Nikander, Presbyter Hermey and Bishop Mirskaya. They were followers of the Apostle Paul and converted many pagans to the Christian faith. It is customary for people to stay at home during the holiday and not even go outside the fence. Previously, it was believed that people who decided to leave their homes could encounter terrible troubles and even evil spirits. The disciples of the Apostle Titus Hermei and Nikander began to preach the Word of God after he accepted them into the faith and ordained them as priests. Titus himself was a follower of the Apostle Paul. Hermey and Nikander with their sermons were able to convert many pagans to Christianity. This did not please the mayor Livanius, who ordered the guards to seize them and force them to renounce their faith. However, neither persuasion nor threats had any effect on the preachers, who were adamant. Then Livanius decided to deal with the priests. By his decree, the martyrs were subjected to terrible torture: they were dragged over stones, their bodies were torn apart with hooks, and they were burned in an oven. Despite the unbearable pain, the men constantly prayed and asked God to help them overcome all the trials. After this, the executioners drove nails into their heads and hearts, and then covered them with earth while still alive. Almost every year on November 17th the weather was bad. On this day our ancestors said: “Erema - stay at home.” There was a popular belief that an evil spirit descended from heaven was walking the earth and trying to get into houses to get coal and fire. Therefore, no one was given either fire or coal on this day in order to avoid misfortunes. Empty houses where the doors did not close were especially attractive to evil spirits. Fearing uninvited guests, people locked their homes with bolts and did not allow anyone outside the house. The peasants were afraid to even step outside the door again and tried to do their homework. Women cleaned the house and prepared food, and in the evening they did handicrafts: weaving and spinning. In order to protect houses from evil spirits, the ancient Slavs carved sickles and crosses above windows or on shutters, which were considered strong amulets. Shutters, which protected windows from drafts, also helped protect against evil spirits. Several folk beliefs are associated with this folk holiday: 1. In order not to incur misfortune on yourself, you cannot lend or take anything out of the house on this day.2. To protect the house from evil spirits, you need to draw crosses with chalk above the entrance doors and windows, and also lay out rowan bunches on the windowsill.3. As protection against evil spirits, you can use horseshoes or old snake skins, which they shed during the molting period.4. On this day you cannot schedule weddings, meet people or start any new business, everything will be useless.5. If a wife wants her husband to stop drinking or going out, he needs to be kept at home on Eremin’s day, this will help him get on the right path.6. It is better to remember dreams that occur on the night of November 17th. They can tell you what to watch out for and what will help you achieve your goal. On Eremin's Day, you need to pay attention to weather signs that will tell you when winter will begin and what it will be like: 1. Fog foreshadows a thaw, and frost on the grass and trees - a cold snap.2. If ducks do not fly to warmer climes, it means the winter will be mild.3. Heavy snowfall indicates that there will be a rich harvest of winter crops.4. If there is a lot of snow for the holiday and it does not melt, then in the spring many snowdrops will bloom.5. Wavy clouds in the sky foreshadow precipitation and cold weather.6. Green dawn on Eremin's day - for clear weather.7. Before the approaching snowfall, chickens pluck their feathers and cackle.8. If white circles are visible around the sun, a snowstorm is approaching. People born on November 17th have a strong and resilient character. As a rule, they have a difficult fate and many difficulties along the path of life. Hyacinth, which has magical properties and prolongs youth, is suitable for them as a talisman.

Black Cat Day was celebrated for the first time in Italy. The holiday quickly became popular among lovers of these mystical pets all over the world. It is celebrated annually on November 17th. The holiday was founded in 2007 by activists of the Italian Association for the Protection of the Environment and Animals. The number 17 was not chosen by chance to celebrate this day: superstitious Italians consider it to bring bad luck. Black cats are less fortunate than pets of other colors. In ancient times, animals covered with black fur were considered accomplices of sorceresses, sorcerers and even the devil himself. Some considered pitch black cats to be the embodiment of Satan. During the Inquisition, they were burned along with their mistresses, who were accused of sorcery. It even got to the point where they exterminated those pets that had at least one dark spot on their fur. Surprisingly, however, black cats are still being destroyed by people due to prejudice. They are less likely to be taken from shelters and are more often subjected to ruthless treatment. Before Halloween, thousands of purring animals are killed simply because of their black fur. In some countries, there are signs according to which a black cat can bring bad luck or, on the contrary, good luck in business. In Russia, it is customary to regard a meeting with a black-haired cat as a sign of major failure or misfortune. Residents of Scotland, on the contrary, believe that a night-colored cat brings wealth to the house. Sailors going to sea for a long time considered it a symbol of a successful voyage. On November 17, animal rights activists hold actions in defense of black cats. By holding various events, exhibitions and flash mobs, activists are trying to rid black cats of their bad reputation and attract public attention to the problem of their extermination. Information stands are opening all over Italy where you can learn more about the history of these mysterious pets, and on this day you can pick up the black kitten you like in shelters. Also on this day, representatives of the Association reward people who have particularly distinguished themselves in actions to protect domestic animals.

Day of Military Medical Worker of Armenia

Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day in the Czech Republic

Kyrgyz Cinema Day

National Revival Day in Azerbaijan

Orthodox holidays November 17:

Memorial Day of Blessed Simon Yurievetsky

Day of Remembrance of the Hieromartyrs Nikander, Bishop of Mir and Presbyter Ermey

Memorial Day of St. Ioannikis the Great