Various diseases accompany a person on his life path. Most of them do not introduce significant restrictions into people's lives. However, the top three in terms of severity and number of cases not only lead to death or disability, but also significantly affect a person’s daily activities. These three most dangerous diseases include: atherosclerosis, cancer and diabetes. The fight against the last of these diseases is dedicated to the memorable day of November 14, when many countries annually celebrate World Diabetes Day. The idea of ​​creating a memorial date belongs to two international organizations: the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation. The need to establish this day arose due to the increasing spread of this incurable disease, despite the efforts of scientists and pharmacists in the period from 1980 to 2014. The prevalence of diabetes among earthlings over 18 years of age increased from 4.7% to 8.5%. . According to the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus reduces life expectancy among earthlings by 2–3 times. World Diabetes Day was first celebrated in 1991, and since 2007 this date has been held under the patronage of the UN. Thanks to the support of such large international organizations, the mass events held on November 14 have become the world's largest source of information not only about the disease itself and those affected, but also about efforts to combat it. More than 1 billion people, citizens of more than 160 countries, participate in informational and thematic events. The date itself is also not accidental. It is intended not only to remind the public about the disease itself, but to perpetuate the name for the descendants of the Canadian physiologist and doctor Frederick Banting, who was born on this day in 1891. He and another doctor, Charles Best, are credited with creating the medicine, which saved millions of people from death - insulin. Possessing the amazing honesty and modesty inherent in real scientists, these two people did not get rich, but gave the secret to the whole world. Noting the merits and extreme importance of the discovery made by doctors, the Nobel Committee awarded Frederick Banting the Nobel Prize in Biochemistry and Medicine in 1923. Unfortunately, the merits and participation of Charles Best were not taken into account and he did not receive the international prize, which is the highest award for any scientist. This extremely hurt and outraged Banting, so he voluntarily gave half of the prize he received to his colleague Best. A special resolution adopted by the UN defined the goals and objectives of the mass events that are held on November 14:• promoting incentives for governments, public authorities, national and international organizations that implement and strengthen policies that are aimed at controlling and preventing both diabetes mellitus itself and its complications;• supporting the dissemination of tools that support local and national initiatives designed to implement effective policies regarding the prevention and treatment of the disease and its consequences;• reaffirming the priority of training health personnel, volunteers and advocates in the control and prevention of diabetes and subsequent complications;• raising awareness population of the planet about the symptoms of diabetes, the necessary actions for its early diagnosis, as well as preventing delays in the development of complications.

International Speech Pathologist Day is celebrated on November 14th. On this day, speech correction specialists celebrate their professional holiday, organize experience-sharing conferences, forums and other events. In the famous Soviet film “For Family Reasons,” there is a scene where a speech therapist comes to a girl and tries to eliminate “fiction defects,” without having the correct pronunciation. However, the question of how he will teach if he himself does not know how was decisively rejected by the statement that a speech therapist should not be able to teach himself, he should be able to teach another to speak correctly. Of course, this opinion is wrong - in order for a child to learn to pronounce a sound, all people in his environment must pronounce this sound correctly, so that he hears and can imitate the correct pronunciation. Moreover, a speech therapist should be able to pronounce any sound clearly and without errors; moreover, he must explain the correct position of the tongue, lips, teeth when pronouncing a particular sound or their combinations. Speech therapy is a science that studies speech disorders in people and helps prevent them and even predict them. Today, almost every preschool and school institution has a specialist on staff who monitors children’s pronunciation and helps correct it. This is achieved through special articulation exercises, tongue twisters and even massage. A speech therapist is a specialist who works not only with children. Many modern show business stars used the services of a speech therapist to improve their pronunciation, voice timbre, and develop the desired sound of certain words and sentences. After all, correct speech is the key to clear thinking, and even writing. It’s interesting, but few people think that if a child does not know how to pronounce sounds, pronounces them incorrectly, replacing them with others, then he probably will not be able to write them without errors. After all, when saying the sound “l” instead of “r”, most likely the child will write the word “mole” as “klot”. Based on these observations, it is so important to teach children to pronounce the correct sounds in words as early as preschool age, when they have not learned to write. There is one more observation - habit. When a person gets used to saying a sound incorrectly, then, even if he knows how to pronounce it correctly - with the correct placement of the articulatory apparatus, without proper control, the person will speak the way he is used to. That is, the task of the speech therapist is not only to establish pronunciation, but also to control its correctness - of course, this is difficult to do if the patient himself does not monitor his own mistakes.

Not long ago, November 14th was an unremarkable day on the calendar. But since 1994, Russian sociologists have celebrated their professional holiday on this day. In the 19th century, the French philosopher Auguste Comte first introduced the term “sociology” and defined it as a science that studies social patterns. You probably know such world-class sociologists as M. Weber, E. Durkheim, K. Marx. Sociology is a relatively young science, but this does not diminish its importance. Politics, business, trade, media, advertising - this is not a complete list of areas in which it can be useful. All leading universities in the country have departments of sociology, because a sociologist is a sought-after profession in the labor market, which is subject to extremely serious requirements. Sociologists carry out both theoretical and practical activities in the field of sociological research, the study of social relations, and the functioning of various institutions that exist in society. The history of the holiday began back in 1901, when the Russian Higher School of Social Sciences opened in the famous French Sorbonne. It is believed that it was here that sociology as a science and as an academic discipline was born. The teaching staff of the school consisted of famous Russian politicians and sociologists: M. Kovalevsky, E. De Roberti, N. Kareev, P. Milyukov, P. Lavrov and others. Many Russian oppositionists received diplomas from this school, but already in 1905 the educational institution had to be closed. But sociology has not stopped developing and improving. Subsequently, it began to be divided into sociology of law, sociology of family, sociology of culture and various directions, and by the end of the 20th century, population surveys called sociological surveys became popular. In Russia, sociology was not considered a serious science for a long time: before it had time to emerge, after the revolution it became completely abandoned. Over the years, sociology has again gained momentum and now deservedly occupies an honorable place among the social sciences. On November 14, 1994, the dean of the Faculty of Sociology at St. Petersburg State University, Asalkhan Boronoev, was the first to take the initiative to celebrate Sociologist Day. And since then it has been celebrated by all leading universities in Russia. The holiday is not yet official, but it is always marked by various celebratory scientific events: meetings, seminars, conferences, in which not only domestic specialists take part. This is an opportunity not only to share experience, but also to evaluate sociological achievements and outline prospects for the further development of science.

On November 14, Belarus honors the holy unmercenary healer Kuzma, considered the patron saint of blacksmiths. Therefore, representatives of a prestigious profession - blacksmiths - consider November 14 (November 1, old style) as their holiday. Kuzma, or Cosma, is the patron of crafts; people call him God's blacksmith. It was Cosmas who was the first representative of the blacksmith’s craft, who gave people the first plow. This saint binds the hearts of lovers, which is why he is sometimes called the wedding blacksmith. Blacksmithing is a craft respected by the people. Young people aspired to become blacksmiths, so from childhood boys organized games where they imagined themselves in the role of blacksmith heroes. Not everyone is given this occupation: to become a blacksmith, you need to have remarkable strength, and you also had to study for at least 10 years. The image of a strong man, capable of forging a glorious weapon or skillfully shoeing a horse, was shrouded in mysticism and mystery. The forge was located on the outskirts of the village due to the possibility of fire. If in ancient times blacksmiths were engaged in the manufacture of weapons, then today’s craftsmen make custom household items, decorative items, and jewelry. In modern times, blacksmith workers also consider themselves to be blacksmiths. On November 14, exhibitions of professional blacksmithing skills are organized in Belarus. Experienced blacksmiths share their experience and organize master classes for those interested. Activists talk about the development of blacksmithing in the republic. Representatives of the profession honor labor veterans and their mentors. Individual representatives of this ancient craft give part of the proceeds from the sale of forged products to those in need. Festive prayer services are held in churches. In some villages of the republic, it is customary to slaughter chickens and cook chicken noodles and porridge, treating loved ones and relatives. In the folk calendar, this day is considered the first winter holiday. Winter binds the earth and waters like a blacksmith, the first frosts come.

November 14 is Endocrinologist Day, which for obvious reasons is combined with a day dedicated to the fight against diabetes. This is a special disease that is directly related to disruption of the endocrine system, so these two informational occasions are celebrated together. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed celebrating Endocrinologist Day back in 1991. The initiative was supported by organizations involved in diabetes research and treatment. The situation itself pushed for this, since it is known that the number of people with diabetes and other serious problems with the endocrine system has increased rapidly in recent years, exceeding 500 million people in the world. Yes, it cannot be said that this is a classic holiday, because numerous international organizations use it, rather, as an occasion to tell people about the seriousness of diseases of the endocrine system. And, of course, this date is celebrated among doctors working in this field. It’s interesting, but it so happens that mostly endocrinologists are women. The vast majority of specialists working in this segment of healthcare are representatives of the fair sex. Sometimes international organizations mark this day with charity events designed to raise money for research into diseases associated with disorders of the endocrine system. In addition, funds are being collected to treat people and prevent diseases. It is known that the treatment of many diseases in this area is very complex, expensive and not always effective. This is often due to insufficient funds allocated by the state for research in this area and support for sick people. In many countries, patients with serious endocrine system disorders receive free medications, but, unfortunately, this is not possible everywhere. Also in Russia, complaints from people periodically appear in the media about the inability to receive expensive medicine on time, although such a norm is enshrined in law. Traditionally, on this day it is customary to attract active public attention to this problem, to increase public awareness of ways to prevent serious diseases of the endocrine system, and primarily diabetes. And, of course, medical professionals who have conscientiously performed their duties for many years are awarded. Sometimes some sporting or recreational events are planned for November 14th. And, of course, Endocrinologist Day and numerous commercial organizations that sell products aimed at making life easier for people suffering from diseases associated with disruption of the endocrine system did not ignore it. There are no strict rules or regulations regarding how this day should be celebrated, but according to established tradition, charitable and informative events are held on a large scale. The historical aspect is also necessarily touched upon. Thus, it is known that the world began to change dramatically from the moment the Canadian scientist Banting and his colleagues managed to isolate the hormone insulin in its pure form. This ultimately saved the lives of millions of people around the world. Endocrinology is a whole science that studies the work of the endocrine glands, which are known to produce vital hormones. In addition, scientists are studying numerous diseases associated with insufficient production of hormones in the human body.

The life of a modern person is characterized by a frantic pace and a large number of events, which often bring confusion and even real chaos into it. This leads to increased levels of anxiety and chronic stress. In some cases, it is useful to let go of the situation - stop participating in the "rat race", stop controlling everything and worrying about thwarted plans. To this end, November 14th is the Day of Relaxation and Carefreeness (Loosen Up, Lighten Up Day). The Zen approach to life began to be practiced at the beginning of the last century by a certain Stephanie West Allen. According to one version, she is considered the founder of Carefree Day, which exists “to remind people of all the benefits of joy and laughter.” Stress in a figurative sense is the absolute killer of everything good in life. And trying to control things that can quickly get out of control is just one way to bring it into your life. Everyone who celebrates the holiday is advised to relax on November 14 and look at life with humor. To promote the concept of carefreeness, visit the comedy film Ferris Bueller Takes a Day Off. His hero, a high school student from the suburbs of Chicago, manages to spend the day completely carelessly, letting everything take its course, getting into various adventures and funny situations. At the end of the film, Ferris Bueller warns viewers: "Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around every now and then, you might miss it." Yoga and meditation are the surest way to achieve inner peace and balance. Therefore, on November 14, you should go to the fitness club for Pilates, a sauna, and sign up for a relaxing massage or other spa treatment. This will allow you to free yourself from both physical and mental pain and anxiety. The holiday encourages people to stop worrying about various troubles and stop engaging in self-criticism. Yes, there is nothing good in frequent lateness to work, poor grades at school and a protracted conflict with a friend. But this does not mean that you need to endlessly scroll through these and other situations in your head. Let them go. Show a little carefree and irrational approach to life on Relaxation Day. Yes, you can be angry at the driver who cut off your car in an endless traffic jam. Or you can make fun of the situation: call a friend and tell him how hilarious the big-nosed weirdo looked in a V-9 without a muffler, which blocked your path. And I almost stalled after this maneuver... On the Day of Relaxation and Carefreeness, it is customary to reduce anxiety not only with the help of laughter, but also to saturate life with pleasant things that can bring joy to it. This could be a visit to a cafe, a walk in the park, watching “Pretty Woman” or another favorite melodrama with comedy elements. The creators of the holiday also show us a good sense of humor. They suggest repeating out loud or silently throughout the day “LULU” - an abbreviation of the words from the English title “Loosen Up, Lighten Up Day”, i.e. "Let go! Relax!" "Calm, just calm!" - the charming goofball Carlson liked to say. The day of relaxation and carefree encourages us to stop being nervous over trifles and to step away for a while from the hustle and bustle of life. Even if you are a real bore, a perfectionist and a pedant who keeps everything under control, it is worth trying to let go of the reins at least once a year. Try it, maybe you like it?..

On the eve of winter, each autumn day becomes shorter than the previous one, and the night becomes longer. For some people, evening twilight evokes melancholy and makes them think about the meaning of existence, while others are pushed to think about esoteric topics. Mysticism awaits us everywhere: in real life and prophetic dreams, in the form of omens and coincidences that come true, which, upon closer examination, turn out to be non-random. In the evening we relax and unwind after busy everyday life, immerse ourselves in the world of our thoughts, and make plans for the coming day. At this mysterious time of day, when the line between reality and fiction becomes thinner, amazing things happen. At dusk, before the black darkness covers the earth, empaths, esotericists and other sensitive people communicate with representatives of the etheric plane. These could be the Lords of Karma, a guardian angel, restless souls stuck in the interworld, ghosts and ghosts, brownies and banniki. To contact them and get answers to questions posed, meditation, telepathy, clairvoyance, fortune telling using Tarot cards and other magical tools are used. In honor of conversations with one of the representatives of the subtle plane, a holiday was even established. November 14th is the Day of Communion with the Spirit of the Evening. The ancient Slavs believed that in the world, in addition to people and other physical objects, there live infernal entities. Next to people in another dimension there are brownies, mermaids, goblins, spirits of mountains and water, kikimoras, devils, demons and other undead. Evil spirits are active on Christmastide, Walpurgis Night and Midsummer. During the day there is also a time favorable for the entities of the lower astral plane with whom witches and sorcerers work. Therefore, from 12 to 3 am, at the “hour of the devil”, until the third rooster, various paranormal phenomena are observed. Good spirits living side by side with humans help protect against the attacks of the black undead. It was believed that a brownie, if they are not angry with him for petty pranks, communicate with respect and treat him with goodies, will always come to the aid of the owner of the hut and family members. He will look after animals and small children, protecting them from troubles, wake up adults during a nightmare, and give a signal about the start of a fire or flood. Our ancestors were convinced that, in a critical situation, the doma (the brownie’s wife), the lover (the guardian of the marriage bed), the baker (the spirit of the hearth and warmth), and the cager living in the pantry would also come to the aid of the owner of the home in a critical situation. However, a person is able to establish contact with other representatives of the subtle world. One of them is the spirit of the evening, the ideal time to communicate with which is November 14th.

“Night, street, lantern, pharmacy...” This line from A. Blok’s poem is often used as an illustration of thoughts about the frailty of existence. “If you die, you’ll start over again,” the poet states bitterly, speaking about the cyclical nature of life processes. Broken and unrepairable lights are not only the result of poor public services. They are a symbol of the hopelessness that reigns in society, “the devastation in our heads,” as Professor Preobrazhensky said. The founders of the unusual celebration do not agree with this statement. On their initiative, the Festival of Broken Lanterns is celebrated on November 14th. As children, Soviet boys spent a lot of time outside, walking in the courtyard of their house. It happened that during a game of football, a ball launched into the air did not hit the opponent’s goal, but the window of a grumpy neighbor. Shooting with a homemade bow and slingshot could end sadly for street lamps. Despite this, childhood evokes nostalgia and brings back pleasant memories. Therefore, for many people, the Festival of Broken Lanterns is an opportunity to plunge into the past, mentally return to a carefree time full of amazing discoveries, when the sun shone brighter and the trees were large. For some, a funny celebration is an excellent reason to remember and re-watch their favorite detective series, which began filming at Lenfilm in the harsh 90s. “Streets of Broken Lanterns” made famous actors Mikhail Porechenkov, Alexei Nilov, Yuri Galtsev, Sergei Selin and Andrei Krasko. Despite the small budget, the already famous Alexander Bashirov and Viktor Sukhorukov starred in some episodes of the series. The film told about the everyday life of police officers who remained faithful to their work and professional duty, despite the difficult crime situation in the Northern capital. Broken street lamps became a symbol of this era of timelessness, poverty, rampant crime and lawlessness. They created a dissonance with the luxurious Baroque palaces, cathedrals, monumental monuments and embankments of the city on the Neva, in the creation of which the best foreign architects took part. One of them, Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Leblon, is responsible not only for the design of the country residence of Peter I "Monplaisir", the mansions of the art critic M.P. Botkin and a major official of the Main Admiralty A. Brockhausen. The French architect is considered the creator of the first lantern in Russia. In the 1720s. In the capital of the Russian Empire, street lighting developed rapidly. According to Leblon's drawings, tetrahedral pillars with lamps suspended on forged rods were made and installed in 1721 on the Neva embankment in front of the Winter Palace. The first lanterns lit thanks to light bulbs with filament filters that were kept in burning hemp oil. Peter I liked them because... contrasted favorably with the dim street lamps of Paris. Leblon's lanterns with glass windows burned not candles, but oil lamps. In 1834, gas lamps appeared, but due to the high cost of raw materials, St. Petersburg residents and city governors preferred alcohol and kerosene lamps. At the end of the 19th century. The installation of electric lights began in the Russian capital and other cities. This became possible thanks to the invention of two types of lamps - Yablochkov and Lodygin. In 1896, Tsarskoe Selo became the first city in Europe whose street lighting was entirely electric. In Moscow, the last kerosene and gas lamps went out in 1932. In the country, according to the formula proclaimed by Lenin, “Communism is Soviet power plus electrification of the entire country,” the GOERLO plan began to operate. Today, in Moscow and other large cities, modern lamps with special controllers and LED lamps are being installed. The Festival of Broken Lanterns encourages one and all not to forget about the glorious pages of the past and the history of street warnings.

Bal Divas (Children's Day in India)

According to the folk calendar, on November 14, the Slavs celebrate Kuzminki. On this day, the Orthodox Church honors the memory of Saints Cosmas and Damian (Kuzma and Demyan), who were famous healers and cured many hopeless patients with the power of the Word of God. It is customary for saints to pray for physical healing, for love and harmony in the family, as well as for help in teaching. In Rus', this day was called a girl's holiday and was widely celebrated. In the evenings there was a feast, the main dish of which was chicken noodles. The homeland of Damian and Cosmas was Asia Minor. The brothers had the gift of healing and could heal hopeless patients. They preached the Word of God and converted many people to the Christian faith. On the orders of the Roman Emperor Carinus, they were supposed to be forced to make sacrifices to the pagan gods, but at that time the ruler became seriously ill and was forced to turn to his brothers for help. After Cosmas and Damian cured the emperor, they were sent home with honors. The preachers did not charge any fee for treatment, so people began to call them unmercenary. One day, a hopelessly ill woman turned to them for help, and they were able to heal her. As a sign of gratitude, she brought Damian three eggs and asked him to accept them in the name of the Holy Trinity. This greatly upset Cosmas, and he bequeathed that after his death he should be buried separately from Damian. Before they began to heal people, the brothers learned healing from an old doctor, who could not bear the fact that his students had become famous and, frantic with envy, decided to deal with them. He called the brothers to the mountains to collect medicinal herbs and there he killed them and threw them into the river. When people found the lifeless bodies of the brothers, they did not know whether to bury them together or separately. A miracle helped resolve the issue. The camel, whom they had once cured of rabies, said in a human voice that they should be buried next to each other, since Damian accepted the woman’s gift as a sign of mercy. People listened to his advice. The brothers Kuzma and Demyan have been revered in Rus' since ancient times. People knew them not only as healers, but also as talented “handicraftsmen” who did not take money from anyone for their work. The miracle-working brothers were always together and many associated them with one saint, whom they called Kuzmodemyan. Saints Kuzma and Demyan are considered the organizers of family life, as well as the patrons of blacksmiths and other artisans. People have always said that Kuzma was a talented blacksmith who possessed not only outstanding human, but also miraculous magical abilities. In Kuzminki, it used to be customary to feed the yard spirit, who lived in the barnyard and looked after the animals. If he had a dashing temper and offended someone, then on November 14 a special ceremony was performed on his least favorite horse to drive him out of the yard. Peasants on Kuzminki celebrated the completion of threshing. As a festive dinner, they prepared porridge from the grain of the new harvest. On this day, it was customary to brew beer and treat guests to it. A separate hut was chosen for the holiday. To prepare dishes, food was collected throughout the village, and some of it was customary to steal. All housewives knew about this tradition, so they deliberately left milk, flour, eggs and other products unattended in the hut so that they could be “stolen.” If there was a girl of marriageable age in the house, she became the mistress of the house on that day. She was supposed to prepare festive dishes and treat them to all the guests. According to a special custom on this day, the meal had to start with a hard-boiled egg, which, as they said, could protect against infertility. Chicken noodles were also a must-have dish on the holiday table. According to special signs on Kuzminki, people determined what the weather would be like in the coming days and months:• If the weather is warm outside on November 14, then the coming winter will be warm.• Snow on Kuzminki foreshadows river floods in the spring.• If by this day on There are leaves left on the trees, then the winter will be harsh, and next year the harvest will be meager. People born on November 14th can become good doctors and live a long, fruitful life. They can wear corals as a talisman, which protects them from diseases and the evil eye.

Memorial Day of St. Gregory Palamas among Western Christians

Orthodox holidays November 14:

Memorial Day of Saints Cosmas and Damian of Asia

Memorial Day of the Martyrs Cyrene of Tarsus and Juliana of Rosa