November 3 is World Cosplay Day, which is popular in many countries around the world. There is an opinion online that this holiday was founded by the Japanese, who love to dress up in bright costumes and outfits to match their favorite fairy-tale, cinematic, and computer characters. But in fact, the history of cosplay goes much deeper. The idea was suggested by the Americans. Moreover, this happened back in 1939. Then at one of the parties people appeared dressed in costumes of popular characters from science fiction works. Journalists and all creative people liked this idea, so soon such “publications” became a good tradition. True, the Second World War made its negative contribution, which made us forget about such entertainment for a long time. The post-war 50s also did not change the situation much. But in the 60s, when life in many countries around the world gradually began to improve again, people remembered this amazing hobby. And already in the 60s, the tradition of creating lush costumes imitating the clothes of popular characters was revived again. Moreover, people began to take such dressing up very seriously, carefully thinking through their images, and sometimes even turning to professional dressers and seamstresses to create a spectacular image. However, despite the fact that the palm belongs to the Americans, this idea received the most vigorous response in the Land of the Rising Sun. The hobby has become so widespread and widespread that cosplay is still associated with the culture of Japan. Many even believe that it was the Japanese who became the founders of cosplay, which eventually spread throughout the world. Perhaps this is partly true. If it were not for the fanatical support of Japanese fans, cosplay would have remained a small American subculture, and not a mass global phenomenon. One way or another, but now there is a special day, November 3, when lovers of colorful dressing up around the world can show their art in all its glory. There are no strict rules or regulations regarding how this holiday should be celebrated. Traditionally, people organize exciting parties and colorful photo shoots, where they are photographed dressed as their favorite characters. And here the heroes of American films and Asian anime break popularity records. Traditionally, the most copied characters are Spider-Man, Catwoman, cartoon characters, Batman, Joker. People try on the images of not only positive superheroes, but also negative ones, because they also have their own charisma. This holiday is mainly celebrated by teenagers and youth. Therefore, it is popular among young people. An entire industry is aimed at supporting and popularizing this holiday. A variety of costumes, wigs, and accessories are created, designed for people of any size. Numerous ateliers also offer their services for sewing vestments, promising to make any wishes of their clients come true. This means that cosplay day is becoming more and more popular. Psychologists also contributed. They explain that with the help of such a simple method, people get rid of stress and accumulated negative emotions. In addition, dressing up and temporarily transforming into another character allows people to feel more liberated and get rid of their inhibitions. In many ways, young people even subconsciously try to socialize in this way, to find friends and like-minded people.

British poet and linguist Samuel Johnson said: “It is wise to keep your secret, but to expect others to keep it is foolish.” There are no holy people, and everyone has a skeleton in their closet. Can you trust your secrets to strangers? Do you always need to know someone else’s ins and outs? It is proposed to reflect on this matter on November 3, the Day of Keeping Secrets. It is believed that a true friend will never betray or tell a trusted secret. Other people's secrets are heard by hairdressers, fellow travelers on the train, psychologists at receptions, and priests during unction. However, Benjamin Franklin, an American diplomat, scientist and philosopher, believed: “Three can keep a secret if two of them are dead.” Indeed, if the goal is not to make important information public, it is better not to tell anyone about it. A secret and the risk of its disclosure can cost the reputation and financial costs of a doctor, pastor and businessman, and the life of an intelligence officer and politician. Is it always necessary to become a confidant - a confidant with whom a person shares his most intimate things? What does such an obligation look like from the perspective of public morality? There is a widely known case when a sinner repented and told the priest about the crime he had committed. The pastor, keeping the confession secret, did not report this to the police. As a result of this decision of the holy father, an innocent man served in prison for a murder he did not commit. The Italian code of honor Cosa Nostra requires clan members to keep secrets under penalty of death. In the ranks of gangsters, there is Omerta - an immutable law of silence. But even if you have no relation to the Sicilian mafia, weigh the pros and cons before agreeing to become the bearer of someone else's secret. In many cases, it is better to stop a person who dreams of pouring out his soul in time than to become the keeper of a dirty secret or information that sows evil or hides a crime. The laws of many countries provide for punishment for violating the confidentiality of correspondence, personal life, or disclosing the fact of adoption of a child. As well as criminal liability for concealing especially serious crimes. November 3 is a funny and controversial holiday - Secret Keeping Day. Who founded it and for what reason is a big secret. As well as a clear answer to the question of whether it is worth becoming a confidant of other people’s secrets, because “for one person they are the size of a hamster, and for another they are the size of a dinosaur.”

Representatives of gelatinous zooplankton are more ancient animals than dinosaurs. Jellyfish lived on Earth hundreds of millions of years before the first man appeared on the planet. Unique invertebrate animals, consisting of 95-98% water, have a transparent gelatinous body shaped like a bell, disk or umbrella. The movement of jellyfish under water occurs through muscle contraction. Despite the lack of a brain, these predators, having 24 pairs of eyes and 2 nervous systems, successfully hunt and avoid collisions with natural enemies. November 3 is World Jellyfish Day. To protect themselves from aggressors, unusual invertebrate animals use stinging tentacles. Through them, jellyfish inject poison into their prey - fish and their eggs, crustaceans, small plankton, squid, which are used as food. The color of some members of Polypomedusae meduza depends on their diet: they turn pink or purple from eating crustacean larvae. The natural enemies of the most ancient inhabitants of our planet are sea turtles, tuna, salmon, sunfish, sharks and some birds. They threaten the number of jellyfish living in the waters of the World Ocean. World Jellyfish Day is intended to draw attention to this problem. World Jellyfish Day was founded by marine biologists and with the aim of spreading knowledge about amazing representatives of the fauna, whose name in English translates as “jelly fish”. The diameter of the largest of them reaches 2.5 m, length - 30-37 m, and weight - 200 kg. The tentacles of one of these giants, the nomura jellyfish, which lives in the water column of the Yellow and East China Seas, produce a strong poison for which there is no antidote. The smallest of the population, the Pacific Irukandji, has a body with a diameter of 5 mm to 2.5 cm. Despite its tiny size, this species of jellyfish, which lives off the coast of Australia, is very poisonous. The transparent body that lungless animals breathe with helps them remain undetected in the water. Therefore, people get skin burns when coming into contact with jellyfish. Sea creatures are no less dangerous for various human-built mechanisms, such as nuclear reactors. Jellyfish caught in seawater filters have repeatedly stopped the operation of Japanese, Swedish and American nuclear power plants. However, animals also benefit nature and people by purifying water from small organic debris. The Chinese and representatives of other Asian peoples eat jellyfish of the order Rhizostomae, the species Stomolophus meleagris and Catostylus mosaicus. In Russia, in the Black, Azov, Baltic, White, Barents and Japanese seas, many species of these beautiful creatures live. Observing them gives people not only pleasure, but also real benefit. Thus, the cornerot jellyfish, or alicon, living in the Black Sea, predicts weather disasters: before a storm, it moves from shallow water to depth. Scientists are attracted by the superpowers of some representatives of Polypomedusae meduza. The Mediterranean Sea is home to the species Turritopsis dohrnii, the so-called immortal jellyfish. When injured or the body ages, it is able to turn back time, returning to the polyp stage, living its life cycle over and over again until it is eaten by a predator. Even with numerous degenerations of the body, the young individual remains an absolute exact copy of the old one - its genetic clone. Observations of mysterious representatives of marine fauna bring scientists closer to revealing the secret of not only immortality, but the adaptive characteristics of living organisms. Thus, more than 2 thousand jellyfish larvae were sent into space in 1991 in vessels with sea water. To the surprise of biologists, they withstood weightlessness well and hatched, turning into mature individuals that gave birth to numerous offspring. People will learn about these and other features of the most ancient, but still little studied inhabitants of the Earth during the celebration of World Jellyfish Day.

People, without noticing it themselves, often use template phrases and language cliches in their speech: “source of inspiration”, “at this stage”, “for every taste and budget”, “optimal choice” and others. The use of clichés reduces the imagery of the text and makes it difficult to understand the main idea. The use of clericalism typical of the official business style greatly overloads the speech. Instead of “eating for free”, “sharpening the issue”, “should”, “currently” and “cash”, it is appropriate to use simpler constructions and words: “eat for free”, “asked”, “need”, “now " and money". Cliché Day, which is celebrated on November 3, is intended to draw attention to cliches and their not always justified use. On the one hand, language templates help to clearly express your thoughts, saving the time and energy of the person writing or speaking. Clichés make it easy to find an explanation for recurring phenomena and make speech official. “Employees of the public sector”, “according to informed sources”, “with full dedication”, “approaching the production process creatively” and other expressions save the speaker’s efforts, which he would spend on conveying thoughts without using cliches. On the other hand, vague vocabulary and verbosity of clichés hide the meaning of what was said, making it unclear: “we unreasonably assume”, “I am inclined to consider the fact reprehensible that...” A person who in everyday life uses “to create inconvenience” or instead of “caused” the expression “have a basis,” alarms the interlocutors. Clericalism is appropriate in formal speech, but not in everyday communication between people. Just like the colloquial clichés “no shame, no conscience”, “go crazy” and “this is all wrong” are a gross stylistic error in tests written in an official business style. Cliche Day encourages people to try not to use cliches for at least one day a year in honor of the holiday. Refusal of clichés will make speech more figurative and communication more conscious. Avoiding clichés and clichés trains the imagination, develops language skills and forces you to think before you say something. Replacing “cold as ice” with “cold like a drifting iceberg”, “like taking water in your mouth” with “talkative like a fish” allows you to create new artistic images and demonstrate a sense of humor. The automatic use of well-worn phrases and expressions often interferes with understanding and even distorts the meaning of what is said. For example, a speaker in a television studio declares: “We must solve the migrant problem!” Those present wholeheartedly agree with him. Although, if you think about it, it’s not entirely clear: what problem needs to be solved? Is it a problem that migrants have (for example, lack of housing) or a problem that foreign citizens create for native residents (competition in the labor market, high crime in ethnic enclaves)? The automaticity of using clichés not only destroys live communication, but also creates a wide field for manipulating people’s minds. Political-economic “mutually beneficial partnership”, “false Western values”, “atrocities of the Israeli military”, “unsurpassed quality”, “optimal price” and other cliches are necessary to designate objects and phenomena on the scale of “friend or foe”, “good-bad” ". They are appropriate in articles and speeches by diplomats and statesmen, but are unacceptable in lively conversational speech. On November 3, as throughout the year, it is worth trying to approach the speaking process more consciously and thoughtfully. The Day of Clichés encourages you to abandon tired images and bureaucracy, making your speech more expressive and bright.

Since ancient times, people have used counting boards, abaci and other varieties of them to simplify arithmetic calculations, and since the 1620s, slide rules. At the same time, Schickard's counting clock was invented - a device for addition and subtraction. In 1873, Frank Stephen Baldwin designed a desktop mechanical machine to perform the four basic operations of mathematics. The prototype of the “pinwheel calculator” created by the American inventor is Leonardo da Vinci’s adding machine, whose drawings date back to 1500. Counting devices appeared long before the start of the late Middle Ages. In 1901, the Antikythera Mechanism was found at the bottom of the Ionian Sea. During Antiquity, this device, consisting of geared bronze wheels, was used to determine the dates of astronomical events, the beginning of the Olympic Games and other holidays, and to calculate the movements of planets and stars. Scientific and technological revolution of the mid-twentieth century. contributed to the creation of electronic computing devices. One of them was the calculator (translated from Latin as “counter”), in whose honor a holiday was established - International Calculator Day, celebrated on November 3. Not all modern inventions should be attributed to scientific and technological revolution. Thus, specialists from IBM, a leader in the field of computer technology, assembled a 13-bit machine for adding numbers based on the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, found in 1967. The mechanical device, to the surprise of the engineers, turned out to be functional. Like Schiccard's counting clock and Blaise Pascal's adding machine. The French mathematician began assembling its first version at the age of 19 - in 1641. After modifying and creating more than 50 versions of the machine, B. Pascal eventually received a device that suited him, which he named in his honor. "Pascalina" was improved at the end of the 17th century. Gottfried Leibniz. The great mathematician and philosopher argued: “It is beneath the dignity of high-born people to waste their time on calculations when any peasant could do the job just as accurately with the help of a machine.” He introduced a movable carriage into the design, which significantly increased the speed of the operation of multiplying numbers, and a walking cylinder, called a Leibniz wheel. It was used in all adding machines for two centuries. Up until the 1970s, the walking cylinder was part of the Curta calculator. The first automatic adding machine, which operated using an external energy source, was designed by a mathematician and mechanic from the Russian Empire P.L. Chebyshev. Invented by him in the 1850s. the device operated by using the force of a falling weight. The automatic numismator from the designer Wilgodt Odner, the adding machines of the watchmaker Timoleon Morel and the engineer Louis Jayet, the French entrepreneur Thomas de Colmar, who impressed Jules Verne himself with his device, left their mark on the history of the creation of computers. Electric drives have been used in computing since the early 1930s. In Germany at this time the Mercedes-Euclid adding machine was manufactured and put into mass production, in the USSR 20 years later - the VK-1 calculating machine, and in 1961 - the Felix model. The Mercedes concern in this field constantly competed with another German company - Rheinmetall SAR. The first devices were quite bulky and heavy. Thus, the Rheinmetall SAL 2c device weighed 23 kg, the American-made Friden SRW adding machine weighed 19 kg. In the 1970s, Japanese companies Sharp and Canon began producing pocket calculators that fit in the hand. Today, these devices are used both to perform simple arithmetic operations and complex mathematical calculations. Calculators are built into almost all modern gadgets, helping users quickly multiply and add multi-digit numbers. This fact significantly forgives people's lives. International Calculator Day calls for paying tribute to one of the most significant inventions of mankind.

National Sandwich Day in the USA

Panama Independence Day

In the popular calendar, November 3 marks the holiday of St. Hilarion's Day. On this date, it is customary to honor the memory of the three Hilarions (the Great, Meglinsky and Pskovoezersky). People were waiting for the first powder that day, so they didn’t plan any trips. And those who were forced to hit the road were often in for trouble. Hilarion the Great lived and preached the Word of God in Palestine in the 3rd-4th centuries. In his youth, he studied various sciences in Alexandria, and upon returning to his native place, he settled near Gaza and led a hermit’s life. He became the founder of the first monasteries in Palestine. He died during a pilgrimage to Cyprus, where he went to venerate the relics of Anthony the Great. He predicted his death on his last journey in advance. Hilarion Meglinsky was from Greece. He made the decision to become a monk at the age of eighteen, when he realized that he was ready to give up worldly life. He was consecrated to the rank of bishop in 1134. He devoted most of his life to serving God. He became famous for his ability to heal various diseases. Meglinsky died in 1164. After 40 years, his relics were transported to the city of Ternov. Illarion of Pskovoezersky was born in the 15th century in the vicinity of Lake Peipus, where he lived his entire life. He was a student and follower of St. Euphrosynus of Pskov, who founded the Spaso-Eleazarovsky Monastery in the Pskov region. In Rus', on St. Hilarion's day, powder almost always began to fall, which covered all the roads so that it was very difficult to drive along them. If someone decided to hit the road at this time, then impassable mud awaited him, from which it was almost impossible to get out. Before harnessing the horse to the cart, the owner read the “Our Father” prayer over it three times, and then applied a pectoral cross to its head. It was believed that in this way the animal could be protected from harm that could happen on the road. On St. Hilarion's Day, women were engaged in needlework: sewing, knitting and embroidery. Before lunch they cooked food, and when the family was already fed, they gathered in a separate room. There they told each other interesting stories, sang songs, and young girls learned skills on the advice of their elders. We spent a lot of time knitting. People believed that during the holiday the thread runs very smoothly and quickly folds into a beautiful pattern. In the evening, it was customary to invite a witch into the house, who knew many powerful spells and could perform various rituals. They were often performed at crossroads, to which people have always attached a special mystical meaning. It was believed that the place where the roads intersect belonged to demons and that evil spirits gained power over a person there. To get rid of a disease or transmit it to another person or animal, a special ritual was performed at crossroads. It is still believed that it is impossible to lift anything at a crossroads, otherwise trouble cannot be avoided. On Hilarion's Day, you can use signs to find out what the weather will be like in the coming days and months:• From November 3, frosts begin to intensify.• If the snow on Hilarion does not melt, then next spring there will be a lot of snowdrops.• If there is a lot of snow on the holiday, next spring year, you can expect a good harvest.• When the smoke from the chimney rises in a column, the weather will soon improve.• Clear sunny weather indicates that it will soon get colder.• If at sunset the sun is bright red and the sky is starry at night, the weather is the next day will be frosty and sunny.• If during a snowfall the snow is dense and settles on the branches, then the weather will not improve soon.• Warm air on Illarion's day indicates an approaching thaw. People born on November 3rd are distinguished by their courageous and decisive character. They often achieve success at work and occupy leadership positions. They love money and work hard to get rich. Emerald, which they should wear as a talisman, can bring them peace of mind and victory in all endeavors.

Japan Culture Day(Bunka-no Hi)

Orthodox holidays November 3:

Memorial Day of St. Hilarion the Great

Day of the transfer of the relics of St. Hilarion, Bishop of Meglin