The professional holiday of librarians is celebrated in Russia on May 27. The All-Russian Day of Libraries was established by the corresponding decree of B. N. Yeltsin and signed by the president in 1995. In addition, the decree spoke of the undeniable contribution made by libraries to the development of science and culture, and the need to further increase the role of libraries in the life of the country. The date of the holiday was not chosen by chance. It was established due to the fact that 200 years ago (May 27, 1795) a very important decree was also signed by the Empress of All Rus' Catherine II. By the highest command of the Empress, the decree proclaimed the beginning of the founding of the Imperial Public Library. It was decided to erect a building in which not only books would be stored (mainly taken from the Załuski library as a trophy by A. Suvorov after the capture of Warsaw), but also as a place available for the general public to get acquainted with printed publications. During the period when the building was being erected, the Empress actively replenished the collections of works, collecting books throughout the country. Today, this library is called the Russian National Library and is rightfully considered one of the largest in the world. At one time, the following people worked in it: Russian thinker and writer V.F. Odoevsky, fabulist I.A. Krylov, teacher and publicist N.A. Korf. In general, until the 20th century, the librarian profession was available mainly to men; only in the last 100 years have women begun to master this glorious line of work. There are more than 150 thousand libraries in our country. National and federal book depositories and libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation contain multimillion-dollar collections of books and are ranked among the world's information giants. Our national libraries, located in St. Petersburg and Moscow, are rightfully included in the top five world book depositories. The celebration dedicated to libraries is celebrated very actively in our country. On this day, events are held everywhere to increase the importance of books in the lives of people and society as a whole. In addition, in connection with the holiday, it is customary to talk about the problems that modern libraries face and ways to solve them. Indeed, nowadays, when the era of the Internet has arrived, there is less and less space for printed publications in people’s lives. They give way to electronic analogues and gradually fade into the background. The problem is aggravated by the fact that the financing of regional book depositories leaves much to be desired. The interest of people visiting these establishments is also not very great. In this regard, the purpose of the holiday is to position the idea that libraries, in spite of everything, continue to remain a very important element in the life of a modern person. An extraordinary atmosphere of knowledge and wisdom reigns in them. They include “everyone”, being related to “everything”, they provide assistance to “anyone” and “with anything” - to any person, at any age, in any direction. Only in libraries is it possible to find books that have no analogues, and therefore the Internet will never replace them. Sometimes it can be difficult to quickly navigate the huge flow of literature published today. And then a librarian will come to the rescue - a specialist who knows and is well versed in the book collection. He will be able to give advice and tell you where you can find answers to all your questions. In this regard, the All-Russian Day of Libraries is also an indisputable recognition of the importance of the librarian profession.

The northern capital of the Russian state was founded in 1703 by Peter I. According to one version, it got its name by analogy with Sankt-Piter-Burch in Holland, where the tsar lived and studied for some time. According to another, “Saint” in the name translated into Russian means “City of St. Peter”. The date of laying the first stone at the beginning of construction coincides with the Birthday of St. Petersburg, which is celebrated on May 27. On this day it is customary to remember the history of the appearance of Northern Palmyra. Long before the construction of the city, the Krivichi and Ilmen Slovenian tribes lived in the swamps of the Neva region. Part of the trade route “From the Varangians to the Greeks” passed through their territory. Before the emergence of St. Petersburg from the 9th century. lands located near Ladoga, Neva and Volkhov were part of Novgorod Rus'. In 1478 it was annexed to the Moscow Principality. However, its northern neighbors, the Swedes, quickly realized the importance of these territories in their geopolitical confrontation with Russia and Europe. The local inhabitants of these lands (Finns, Russians, Germans, Vodians and Izhoras) were engaged in cross-border trade, which flourished throughout the 17th century. The territory was occupied in 1617 and was part of the Kingdom of Sweden until 1702, when Ingria and the city of Nyen were recaptured as a result of the Northern War. So the Neva region returned to the Russian Empire. After the victory in the war with the Swedes, Peter I founded the Peter and Paul Fortress on May 27, 1703. This building on Hare Island became the core of the future city. More than 300 thousand people took part in its construction. The architectural concept of Northern Palmyra, located on 101 islands, was developed by the Swiss, Italians, French and Dutch: engineers and designers M. Fontan, N. Michetti, K.B. Rastrelli, G. Chiaveri, J.B. Leblond, G. Matornovi, A. Schlüter, I. Schendel, and H. van Bolos. Over the more than 300-year history of its existence, the city changed its name twice - in 1914 it was renamed Petrograd, in 1924, a few days after the death of V.I. Ulyanov - to Leningrad. In 1991, the Northern capital began to be called the same as under Peter I - St. Petersburg. City Day was first celebrated under Alexander I, 100 years after its founding. The second magnificent celebration took place during the Soviet Union in 1957. The 250th anniversary was celebrated with a delay of 4 years due to the notorious “Leningrad affair”. From that time on, the day of the city on the banks of the Neva began to be celebrated annually. The 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg in 2003 was another occasion to remember the greatness of Russia and its origins. This anniversary of the Northern capital was attended by the president of the country, leaders of European states, residents and guests of the city. In honor of the holiday, there was a water show in the Neva waters, a laser show and fireworks. Smaller, but no less interesting events (concerts, performances, street performances and flash mobs) are held annually to mark the birthday of St. Petersburg - a city of extraordinary beauty, power and grandeur.

Prolonged exposure to sunlight without a hat and UV protection results in overheating of the head and skin burns. Heat stroke is a short-term phenomenon that is relatively easily tolerated by the body. Pigmentation often appears on the face and body that have been repeatedly exposed to the sun's rays. The dermis begins to look unattractive: it becomes spotty, dry and atonic. Solar lentigo (pigmentation) is one of the main causes of skin cancer. This largest organ of the human body must be protected. Therefore, May 27 is celebrated as Sun Protection Day. The Sunscreen Protection Day holiday was invented for those who know little about the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation on the human body. The sun's rays are necessary for all life on Earth - from plants and animals to representatives of homo sapiens. They promote the production of vitamin D, strengthen the immune system, and treat both depression and blues, as well as some skin diseases - atomic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, etc. A tan makes you visually slimmer and gives a person a well-groomed and rested look. However, in large quantities, UV radiation causes irreparable harm to the body. Frequent burns due to sunbathing without protective equipment lead to the fact that a person begins to look older than his age. The pigmentation that appears on the skin is reminiscent of chenille lentigines, an excess deposition of the melanin pigment that occurs in most older people. To prevent skin cancer and preserve its youth, you need to use sunscreen products. They reflect or absorb the sun's rays and prevent photoaging of the skin. From an aesthetic point of view, a tanned body looks attractive. This is why residents of most countries where there are few sunny days a year love solariums so much. In Great Britain, their regular visits by residents of the country have led to the emergence of psychological dependence. In addition to tanning, UV rays promote the production of endorphins - hormones of happiness. Therefore, a person experiences addiction very similar to alcohol and drugs. The British who visit the solarium more than 2 times a week and for more than 10 minutes suffer from tanorexia - a pathological dependence on ultraviolet radiation. Similar addiction is observed in adolescents aged 13-16 years in the USA, living in high latitudes, i.e. close to the North Pole. Dermatologists have every reason to believe that excessive tanning increases the risk of malignant skin diseases significantly. In America, tanorexia has acquired alarming proportions, which is why, at the initiative of the US National Cancer Institute, a law was passed prohibiting teenagers under 16 years of age from visiting tanning salons. Hippocrates said: “Everything is medicine, and everything is poison - it’s all a matter of dose.” This saying of the Greek philosopher and doctor perfectly illustrates the effect of the sun's rays on the human body. Sunscreen Protection Day encourages people to take care of their own skin and not overuse tanning, as well as protect their heads from heat stroke. Doctors and other participants in events held for Sun Protection Day never tire of repeating common truths. One of them is that to produce vitamin D, a person only needs to stay under the rays of the sun 2-3 times a week for 5-10 minutes. Year after year, the sun becomes more and more radioactive, so when relaxing at sea and in the forest it is necessary to use products with protection from ultraviolet radiation.

A cold appetizer in the form of canned smoked fish in oil is a real hit of all times. It is prepared from sprat, herring and other representatives of the herring order. Latvia, Germany, Denmark and Norway cannot share the championship in terms of the invention of sprat. According to legend, the dish in the form of fish, placed in jars and covered in oil, first appeared on May 27, 1890 in Riga. This became the reason for the annual celebration of the Day of the Invention of Sprat. Canned food is prepared directly on fishing boats because transportation for processing on shore is a long and expensive process. On the floating base, the catch is washed in cold water. After this, the heads of the fish are separated, stored in special cabinets at a temperature of 150 degrees, placed in jars, filled with oil and preserved. Sprats, in addition to their piquant taste, have great benefits for the body: they contain a lot of protein, healthy fat, vitamins A, B1, B2, E, phosphorus, chromium and calcium. The product is quite high in calories, which means it is not suitable for people on a diet. In terms of the amount of amino acids they contain, sprats are in no way inferior to meat, which means they are suitable for vegetarians. In honor of canned smoked fish, not only holidays are celebrated, but also monuments are erected. Thus, in 2008, a marble table with a sculpture in the form of an open jar of sprats appeared in the Kaliningrad region in the town of Mamonovo. One of the fish jumping out of it has a crown on its head. In 2005, another monument was erected in Latvia in the form of a black can with a gold inscription: “Sprats: founded in 1892. Expiration date unlimited.” In honor of the holiday celebrated on May 27, connoisseurs of smoked fish in oil and spices visit thematic museums. One of them has long been opened in Stavanger in Norway - the ancient center of the canning industry. His factory has been supplying sprats to Russia since 1902. The quality products of Norwegian manufacturers were awarded a special Imperial Certificate. The museum in Stavanger not only invites visitors to explore its exhibition, but also to participate in the preparation of sprats. There is still debate about the benefits and harms of smoked canned fish. In Europe, it is simmered on fire in the old fashioned way. In order to reduce the cost of the product, manufacturers from the Russian Federation do not smoke herring and sprat, but use “liquid smoke” containing harmful benzopyrene. But, despite this, the treasured black and gold jar is purchased by gourmets for the table, both on weekdays and on holidays. Therefore, all lovers of small smoked fish caught in the Baltic Sea annually celebrate the Day of the Invention of Sprat on May 27th.

Holidays of Kyrgyzstan - Library Day

Funny holidays - Day of Bold Decisions

Memorial Day in the USA

Spring bank holiday in the UK (Spring Bank Holiday)

Nigeria Holidays - Children's Day

According to the folk calendar, Sidor Bokogrey is celebrated on May 27 (the old style date is May 14). The name of the holiday is given in honor of two saints - Isidore of Chios and Isidore Tverdislov. On this day, the Orthodox Church honors their memory. The story of Isidore of Chios began in the 3rd century in Alexandria. The Christian got a job in the military, but there his subordinates were required to make sacrifices to pagan idols. Isidore refused and continued to honor the Lord. For this, the pagans tortured the warrior, and then cut off his head. Isidor Tverdislov lived in the 15th century and was from a German Catholic family. Having set off on a journey across countries, he stopped in Rostov, learned about Orthodoxy and accepted it. For his ascetic life, the Lord rewarded the saint with the gifts of seeing the future and working miracles. People called Sidora (Isidora) Bokogrey. By this day, cold winds from the north stopped blowing, and they were replaced by southern ones. Due to this, it seemed that the sun was warming up more, and hot days began. Residents tried to have time to plow the field by the day of Sidor, since then the rains could come. But grain crops could be sown in moist soil, as long as the weather was warm. On Sidorov day, swifts and swallows returned from the south - the messengers of warm weather. Their earlier appearance always pleased the peasants, but stable warming was observed only after the arrival of a whole flock. Seeing the first swallows, the girls rushed to wash their faces with milk, because they believed that this would preserve their beauty and prolong their youth. Sometimes Sidor was called Borage, since on this date cucumber seedlings were planted in gardens. It was believed that this way they would grow sweet and juicy, and during salting they would be preserved for a long time. In order to find out what the cucumber harvest would be like, the peasants hung a wet cloth on the street at night. If it remained wet in the morning, then they expected a lot of cucumbers. Even on Sidor Bokogrey they were planting flax. They tried to plant it after rainfall in moist soil. Also on this day, a ritual was performed to attract wealth. To do this, they read a special spell and threw a bunch of burdock seeds behind their back over their left shoulder. If it was a cool day on Sidor Bokogrey, then summer was expected to be the same. The flight of swallows high in the sky meant that the weather would remain warm and clear, but the low flight was observed to indicate precipitation. A red sunset foreshadowed windy and rainy weather. The singing of a quail was heard on a sunny day.

Holidays of Greece - Ivan the Russian Day

Orthodox holidays on May 27:

Memorial Day of Martyr Isidore of Chios

Feast of the Yaroslavl Pechersk Icon of the Mother of God

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God of Terebenskaya

Memorial Day of Blessed Isidor Tverdislov