The fishing profession is difficult, dangerous and unpredictable. Fishing is completely different from the fascinating hobby called fishing, when fishermen complacently spend time on the shore of a pond with a fishing rod, enjoying the beauty of the surrounding nature. However, World Fishing Day, which is an international holiday, is celebrated by everyone who has ever held a fishing rod in their hands. On June 27, both fishing professionals and lovers of a pleasant pastime with a spinning rod in their hands celebrate Fisherman's Day. Fishing is a profession that has appeared since the Paleolithic era. The aborigines who inhabited the shores of the seas and oceans, especially if they did not engage in cattle breeding, ate exclusively prey from the abyss of the sea. At first they simply caught fish with their hands or waited for the waves to throw them ashore. Or several people, forming a circle, would drive the fish in and grab it with their hands. Subsequently, harpoons and throwing arrows for fishing were invented. And the very first fishing rod appeared in the Stone Age, and in the Bronze Age, people came up with nets and baskets from a variety of plant and flexible fibers for catching small fish. However, there were also large ones. Gradually, with the development of society, fishing also improved. In 1496, a manual was even published in England on the rigging, nets and fishing rods of that time. And this opus, oddly enough, was written by a woman—Juliana Berners. After a certain time, fishing was divided into several types of fishing: commercial, consumer and sport. Commercial fishing is a responsible form of fishing and is important for the state. When catching fish commercially, powerful equipment and technically equipped ship structures are used. There is a huge catch of fish by state fish factories, which affects the country's economy and fish prices on a national scale. All the work of professional fishermen takes place under strict regime and working conditions. Most often, the work schedule for fishermen is not standardized and depends entirely on weather conditions affecting fishing. Fishing can be coastal or sea, and depending on their specialization, fishermen work in the sea, lake, river or ocean. In the fishing profession, mutual assistance, the reliable shoulder of a friend, understanding of the situation, and instant reaction are very important. Among the raging sea-ocean, there is no one to wait for help; only a friend’s shoulder can support you at a crucial moment. A professional fisherman must know absolutely everything about fish. What are the varieties, places of accumulation, methods of life. Professionals in catching fish must not only be able to catch them, but also process the catch so that it does not disappear before returning to land. Fishermen are seasoned, courageous, responsible people who perform their difficult work in a changing environment of weather conditions. It only remains to add that Fisherman’s Day in Russia is celebrated annually on the second Sunday of July.

Arafat Day in the Muslim religion is the end of the Hajj and the main component of an important pilgrimage. This symbol of religion is prescribed by Islam for every believer. The significant holiday falls on the 9th day of the month of Dhul Hijjah, and after it comes Eid al-Adha. It has an annual moving date, since the Muslim lunar calendar differs from the generally accepted one. On this day, standing on Mount Arafat takes place, which serves as a washing away of sins. Allah completed sending down the Holy Quran through Archangel Gabriel to His Prophet Muhammad. His last sermon took place in this place on the day of 632, on which the Hajj began to be performed annually. What else is famous for a small valley by geographical standards with a 70-meter mountain of the same name? According to legend, the ancestors of the people Adam and his wife Havva met here after they were expelled from paradise. They wandered alone for a long time until they realized the sin they had committed. There, the “father of humanity” received the Black Stone, for which the Kaaba, the House of the Almighty, was built. Many believers try to perform an important ritual more than once. And for beginners there are special advisory instructions that will not allow you to make mistakes. This etiquette involves taking a complete bath before the ceremony, for example in the Namrat area. For the sunnat to count, it must be done early in the morning. Walking pilgrimage to the site is the preferred condition. For Hajj to be accepted, the intentions expressed in prayer must be sincere. For those who are far from Arafat on the holiday, fasting is required, because in this way you can cleanse the sins committed over the past year and even the next. Those who stay in a holy place eat little and only halal food in order to maintain strength for worship. Another tradition is giving alms regardless of your location. The number of pilgrims increases every year, which is not surprising for one of the most widespread religions in the modern world. The Day of Forgiveness of Sins is famous for the fact that Allah Almighty can evaluate and approve all those who come for the religious act, and their number can now be measured in millions. Authorities in Saudi Arabia, where Mecca is located, say the action is visible from space. Such a gathering of people was more than once overshadowed by tragic moments: in some years, Hadjis died. During daylight hours while standing on the mountain, one must observe rules and caution; besides, the weather conditions, namely the scorching sun, do not contribute to the ease of the test. It is not necessary to do this literally on the mountain, but you can be at its foot, where you can perform namaz - another necessary distinctive feature of the Islamic religion. The ritual of Araf has undergone historical changes. This is noticeable by the veil of the shrine of the Forbidden Mosque of the Kaaba, which is traditionally changed on this day. Those interested in the history of their religion can visit an open exhibition dedicated to this topic. The ritual service ends with another unique obligatory rite from the past - the stoning of Satan. You should drive away the tempting shaitan, as the prophet Ibrahim once did, the next day, and first, after sunset, stock up on stones. Allah will hear everyone who turned to him on the day of Arafah and found the opportunity to perform the Hajj.

UN Holidays - Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day

The peak of global industrial development and mass production occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, the transition itself from manual labor to machine labor, from manufactory to factory, began 2 centuries earlier. The first industrial revolution dates back to the end of the 18th and mid-19th centuries. At this time, artisans were replaced by workers who serviced mechanisms with a water wheel and a steam engine. Innovative technologies for that time were constantly improved. An assembly line and replaceable parts appeared, water and steam were replaced by electricity, from which factories and factories began to operate. Historians call the period from 1870 to the outbreak of World War I the second industrial revolution. At this time, a social stratum of society known as the working class was formed. Trade unions are beginning to represent and protect the interests of workers before enterprise owners. These include one of the largest organizations of its time, the Industrial Workers of the World, founded on June 27, 1905. It included socialists, anarchists and radical trade unionists, whose goal was the abolition of class exploitation and social inequality. Chicago was the site of the creation of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the signing of the Industrial Union Agreement in 1905. The peak of the organization's heyday came in 1923, when the ranks of its members numbered more than 100 thousand people. World Industrial Workers' Day is celebrated on June 27, the founding day of the IWW. The second industrial revolution was replaced by the third. Computerization and automation of the labor process has brought great changes to the production system, including increasing the speed and accuracy of work through the use of CNC. However, protecting workers' rights, fair wages and social guarantees are as relevant in the 21st century as they were three hundred years ago. The interests of workers in Russia and other countries of the world are represented by delegates from among them who are members of trade union organizations. In the Russian Federation, almost 27% of the population is employed in industry. Its main industries are oil, gas and nuclear, transport, manufacturing and pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, light and food, automobile and aircraft manufacturing. Trade union organizations also protect the rights of workers who work in construction, rocket and space production, road and agricultural engineering. Celebrating Industrial Workers of the World Day is relevant for the Russian Federation, because industry is an important sector of the domestic economy. The peak of activity of trade union associations as a production control body in our country occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century. and the years of Soviet power. However, organizational leaders always remembered that the idea of ​​​​creating democracy in the workplace and improving the conditions of workers originated in America in the depths of the Industrial Workers of the World. The legacy of the first trade unions lives on to this day. Therefore, June 27 is widely celebrated as World Industrial Workers' Day.

The times when people paid with gold and silver coins are long gone. Such money was replaced by paper banknotes - a simpler and more convenient option. Today, even cash is under threat, because it has begun to be intensively replaced by electronic money, but ATMs still stand on every corner. Cash out, transfer, deposit and even pay for a number of services - such equipment can safely be called multifunctional. June 27 marks the birthday of the ATM, a device without which a modern person will have a very difficult time. What was his story? For the first time, a primitive prototype of a modern ATM was created in the USA. This device was developed by an Armenian-born inventor named Luther Simjian. Unfortunately, his ATM was of no practical use. Yes, the machine gave out money, but it could not write off the required amount from the account, since it had no connection with the bank. At that time, the invention turned out to be useless. Although Simdzhyan handed over his development to the largest US bank for testing, the device was returned to the inventor a few months later. Representatives of the financial institution shrugged their shoulders; they could not use it, since the ATM required serious modifications. Simdzhyan’s invention can be called untimely, so it was forgotten for three decades. The first ATM was installed in the UK in 1967. Its inventor was Scotsman John Shepherd-Barron. The device belonged to Barclays bank. The ATM dispensed a certain amount, limited to a limit of 10 pounds. Of course, at that time the device also had no connection with the bank, because technology did not allow it, but the inventor found a way out of the situation. Today, to get cash, we identify our account using a bank card, and at the first ATM we used special vouchers. These checks had to be obtained from the bank in advance. They had special protection against counterfeiting - a weakly radioactive mark applied with carbon-14. Shepard-Barron did not know about Simjian's development; he came to his invention on his own, and the source of inspiration for him was a machine selling chocolate bars. The Scot simply thought why not use similar technology to cash out money. Before this, he began to worry about the idea that a person could not get his money at night when the banks were not working, but need sometimes forced him. Gradually, more and more banks began to acquire their own ATMs, but the first to install such devices everywhere was the same Citibank, which in the 30s short-sightedly sent Simjian’s device back to the inventor. To protect checks from counterfeiting, PIN codes began to be used. The four-digit encoding was invented by James Goodfellow. According to a popular story, at first he wanted to take six numbers, but then he reduced the number to four, because this was the combination his wife could remember. In 1972, the first machines appeared that accepted cards with magnetic stripes instead of checks. This was much more convenient for customers, since the card could be used regularly, and checks had to be received anew each time. ATMs, in the eyes of many users, were real machines of Satan. In those days, there were even stories that the machine did not work on its own; inside each device sat a dwarf who counted out the money and gave out the required amount. Today, such assumptions only cause a smile, but fifty years ago people absolutely seriously believed in these stories. Gradually, ATMs improved. More reliable materials began to be used to protect money, and in 2002 a real breakthrough occurred - the first device appeared that not only issued, but also accepted funds.

International holidays - World Microbiome Day

Holidays of Turkmenistan - Day of Workers of Culture and Art, as well as the poetry of Magtymguly Fragi

Holidays of Uzbekistan - Day of Press and Media Workers

Holidays of Tajikistan - Day of National Unity

Holidays of South Ossetia - Youth Day

Canadian Holidays - National Anthem Day

On June 27 (June 14 according to the old calendar style), Elisha Grechkosey is celebrated among the people. And according to the church calendar, on this day they honor the memory of the prophet Elisha, in whose name the national holiday was named. Elisha lived in northern Jordan a thousand years before the coming of Jesus Christ. As a young man, he became a disciple of the prophet Elijah, and after his death he adopted the gift of foresight and miracles. For more than sixty years, Elisha served the people, announcing future events. He could, through prayer, restore a source of water for warriors, fill a vessel with oil for the hungry, or heal a seriously ill person. The saint died after living for more than a hundred years. The people called Elisha Buckwheat, since on this day buckwheat was re-sown. It was considered one of the main dishes of peasants: porridge was cooked from its grains or added to soups, pancakes and flatbreads were prepared from buckwheat flour. Buckwheat was unpretentious in cultivation, and in composition it could replace meat. Buckwheat inflorescences were a good honey plant, for which beekeepers loved it very much. In order for buckwheat to produce well, it was planted in dry soil. To call for rain, residents prayed to Saint Elisha. However, rain was expected only from the next days, otherwise the rain that fell on Elisha Grechkosey promised precipitation within a week. Sometimes peasants made rain calls by cutting nettles collected from ditches into pieces, believing that they would attract thunderclouds. On Elisha Buckwheat there was a tradition of consecrating clothes woven or donated this year. Inconvenient and uncomfortable garments were also blessed. A prayer was read over the material and sprinkled with holy water three times. It was believed that this ritual would protect the owner of the clothing from troubles and illnesses in the future. Signs on Elisha Buckwheat predicted the residents about future weather. Watching the flight of kites, we prepared for clear weather. Thick clouds promised impending rain. Frogs jumping near a pond foreshadowed imminent precipitation. Bad weather was also announced by the cry of bats and the crowing of a rooster at an inopportune hour.

Orthodox holidays June 27:

Memorial Day of the Holy Prophet Elisha

Cathedral of Diveyevo Saints