Metallurgist Day is a professional holiday celebrated annually since 1958 every third Sunday in July. Established on September 28, 1957 by the Presidium of the USSR, it retained its status after the collapse into separate states. The significance of the holiday for some countries that have become independent has remained unchanged. Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus confirmed its official status, and the holiday was able to be considered international, and not just Russian. The prerequisite for the emergence of a special date was the development of the industry in the post-war period. The USSR occupied a leading position in the production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Now in Russia alone, metallurgy can count hundreds of thousands of people of different professions associated with such an important field of activity and making their invaluable contribution. This is a colossal field of science, especially in demand these days by modern society: in the last decade alone, global consumption has almost doubled. Now they can obtain all the metal elements of the famous periodic table and even a little more, for example intermetallic compounds - chemical compounds of several metals. But if progress in this industry is now measured by years of development and research, then previously the count went on for hundreds of years, expanding the range of specializations extremely slowly. It has been precisely established that our ancestors knew how to extract and process an important natural element, copper, already in the 7th-6th millennium BC. e. Based on archaeological finds, such as copper axes and meteorite iron daggers, experts made certain conclusions. It took millennia for humanity to enter a special era of development - the Bronze Age, learning to combine copper and tin, ending the Stone Age. The next stage was the Iron Age, which continued into our era until the year 300. It is not for nothing that this division of the continuous development of man, which was started by ancient Roman philosophers, is named after metals, once again confirming the significance and influence of these elements. Traces of development can be found in many civilizations. For example, only the Philistines, an ancient nation of the territory of Israel, who learned the secret of making iron, gained special power among their neighbors, possessing innovative technologies for their time. Over a historical period of hundreds of years, people became acquainted with only 7 elements, learning to obtain gold, silver, zinc, and only at the beginning of the 18th century discovering arsenic. Alchemists of antiquity gradually became naturalists and scientists, perfecting the art of extracting many metals from ores. In Russia there were many people who devoted their lives to the study of metals, methods of their production and transformation. Now the industry remains among the leading producers of such elements: nickel, aluminum, tin, titanium, and the government has developed an up-to-date development strategy. “Honored Metallurgist” is an honorary title awarded annually on Metallurgist Day, although the usual rewards from management are also pleasant for specialists involved in production. Football, hockey and other sports clubs have the name "Metallurg". Enterprises are trying to coincide with Metallurgist Day by launching new equipment and other relevant processes and improvements. They conduct presentations of books and photographs reflecting the history of production development. The industry, and the associated mining and processing industries, are not developed in every region. But where there are many relevant enterprises or entire giants, mainly in the Urals and Siberia, the celebration takes on significant proportions, as in Norilsk, Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Cherepovets. Performances by famous artists at the largest venues and stadiums end with evening fireworks and laser shows. Flash mobs and mass celebrations are organized. Metallurgical enterprises, which are quite successful financially, provide sponsorship to various initiatives in their regions that are educational and interesting to all residents. For example, in Bratsk the plant reconstructed a park and organized a creative competition - a festival of concrete sculptures. This is how a professional holiday acquires the features of a national holiday, and this is right, because metallurgy is an outstanding industry, a special pride of Russia.

Supporters of naturism and nudists advocate the unity of man with nature, emancipation and throwing off the shackles of civilization in the form of clothing. Swimming in ponds and sunbathing dressed as Adam and Eve is one of the traditions followed by people who practice nudity. In this way, they demonstrate acceptance of their own body, respect for themselves and others, who share the call of the founder of naturalism, Denis Diderot, “Back to nature!” For naked sunbathing and water treatments, adherents of the French philosopher’s ideas organize closed beaches and beach volleyball courts, and visit special pools and saunas. The main difference between these places of leisure is the absence of swimsuits and swimming trunks on visitors. In honor of this long-standing tradition, the International Federation of Naturalism, founded in 1953, with the support of UNESCO, established a holiday. Every year on the third Sunday of July, No Swimsuit Day is celebrated. In honor of the celebration, naturists not only visit nudist beaches and have picnics, but also hold various competitions and body art competitions. Adherents of unity with nature, calling for a return to basics, strictly adhere to ethical standards: sexual contact in gathering places for supporters of nudity in public is prohibited. Most naturists are convinced that nudity helps maintain mental and physical health. Therefore, they monitor the condition of their body, do not have bad habits and advocate for the protection of nature. Day Without Bathing Suits is a celebration of a healthy lifestyle, a celebration of ecology and care for the environment. The practice of nudity in public places is not something exotic for Russia. Nudist beaches existed even before the revolution of 1917. Swimming in an Adama suit was practiced near the Finnish skerries and on Tsarskoye Beach in Crimea by Nicholas II. A supporter of naturalism was the Silver Age poet and translator Maximilian Voloshin. In 1914, he organized nudist beaches in Crimea for creative bohemia, following the example of European ones. In 1924-1925 Demonstrations of more than 10,000 naked men and women took place on the streets of Moscow, Kharkov and other cities, chanting: “Down with shame! We, communards, do not need clothes that cover the beauty of the body! We are children of the sun and air!” This movement was condemned by People's Commissar of Health N.A. Semashko, pointing out the unhygienic and immoral nature of such a lifestyle. In 1936, nudism in the Land of the Soviets was officially prohibited. In modern Russia, naturism in the form of sunbathing and skinny-dipping has not been prosecuted by law since 1995. The main condition is that nudists visit specially designated beaches and campsites. There are naturist communities in St. Petersburg and Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Crimea. In France, which, together with the Scandinavians and Anglo-Saxons, went much further in popularizing naturalism, there is a whole city of nudists - Cap d'Agde. In this seaside resort, located on the Mediterranean coast, for 40 years it has been allowed to walk completely naked on the streets, visit shops and even the police. Naturists from many countries around the world dream of such freedom and emancipation in everyday life. In the meantime, all supporters of naturalness are content with little, widely celebrating the funny No Swimsuit Day on the third Sunday in July.

July 16 - Delicious Food Day is an unofficial holiday, but no less fun and desirable for that. The history of its origin is unknown, but we all know one thing - no one will refuse a truly tasty treat. After all, people all over the world love to eat. It is a well-known fact that to live long and stay healthy, you need to eat healthy and healthy. But only by enjoying food can you remain a satisfied person with life. And a positive attitude is very important for health. Most Russians simply do not know that July 16 is considered world day of delicious food. After all, in the Russian Federation it is practically not celebrated. The only exceptions are some gourmets. Therefore, let's turn to the experience of other countries - famous for their culinary traditions and haute cuisine of France and Switzerland. It is there that the holiday is celebrated on the largest scale. Traditionally, on July 16, a large-scale food festival is held in Switzerland (in the town of St. Moritz). Chefs from all over the world come there, and not just famous ones, but those whose skills have already been marked with Michelin stars. They prepare huge portions of delicious dishes that meet the requirements of the most picky gourmets. The chefs also demonstrate original gastronomic techniques and delight event visitors with dishes based on their own recipes. On this day, a festive event takes place in France. In Lyon, a haute cuisine competition is held annually on July 16th. It has international status, i.e. Participants from various countries also come there. Contestants must prepare haute cuisine that will delight visitors and impress the jury. The winner receives the status of the most skillful chef on five continents and a gold statuette. Although Tasty Food Day is little known in Russia, this is not a reason to refuse to celebrate. It can be done as follows: 1. At the home table. This is an opportunity to involve family members in preparing delicious food, master traditional dishes of the peoples of Russia or original recipes, and also simply spend time with family. 2. At your favorite restaurant. You can invite relatives or friends there and share your impressions of the treat with them. 3. In nature, barbecue or cook hearty meals on the grill. Such food will not leave anyone indifferent, and after eating you can devote time to active games or songs with a guitar.

The culture of the peoples of South America, Africa and Asia is characterized by an attitude towards reptiles as sacred animals. The snake is traditionally considered a symbol of wisdom and immortality. Despite their menacing appearance, pythons, cobras and black mambas play an important role in their habitat ecosystems, controlling populations of birds, rats and mice. Some wildlife lovers even keep representatives of the colubrid and viper families at home. July 16th is World Snake Day. The origins of World Snake Day are unknown. The holiday was invented to raise people's awareness of representatives of reptiles, the most ancient remains of which serpentologists date back to the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era. Snakes lived on Earth more than 167 million years ago. Today, over 3,200 species of reptiles are known, which occupy an intermediate position between birds, mammals and amphibians. Man has learned to coexist with snakes and even use them to his advantage. The venom of cobra, viper, viper and sand epha is used in the production of cosmetics, laboratory reagents, painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications in the form of ointments and injections. Pharmacological agents are used to treat diseases of the peripheral nervous system, rheumatism, osteochondrosis, diabetes mellitus and other pathologies. In some Russian villages, snakes are fed the old fashioned way, lured into houses and barns to kill rodents. The largest representatives of reptiles are anacondas and reticulated pythons, the length of which reaches 6 meters. The smallest are Barbados narrow-mouthed snakes with a body no more than 10 cm. Cobras, unlike their other counterparts, can be trained, so they participate in spectacular and sometimes blood-curdling performances of street yogis and circus performers. Traditionally, part of the performance is the mesmerizing dance of a poisonous snake to the tune of a fakir. Rainbow boas, corn snakes and royal pythons are on the list of pets not only for residents of South Asia, but also for Central Russia. In Thailand, China, Vietnam and Malaysia, snakes are used to prepare both first and second courses. Their meat is eaten stewed, boiled and fried, grilled or deep-fried. In addition, in China they drink snake blood and eat reptile skin. Historians claim that until the 18th century. Viper meat was very popular in France - pharmacists and doctors used it to make rejuvenating and healing potions. World Snake Day is a good occasion to remind people of the benefits that these reptiles bring to people. Serpantologists remind us that reptiles are needed not only to protect grain reserves, but also to protect crops growing in the fields from rodents. Although in some cases snakes cannot do this. Rabbits that came to Australia in 1788 from seafarers' ships, which are not endemic to the continent, cause a lot of harm to people and nature. Rodents are carriers of diseases and the cause of extinction of many animal species. Due to the favorable climate and availability of food, rabbits reproduce at a high rate. Neither the snakes living in Australia nor the hunters who shoot rodents can cope with the population growth. Our ancestors paid tribute to reptiles thousands of years ago, and people still benefit from them today. Thus, the skin of python, viper and cobra is a popular material for making shoes, belts, bags, wallets and other accessories. But above all, World Snake Day encourages people to remember the significant contribution reptiles make to maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, and to do everything for peaceful coexistence with snakes in their habitats.

The world around us gives people ample opportunities for self-expression through creativity. Children use crayons to draw hopscotch, sun and sky, people and animals on the asphalt. Adults love to play pranks, so they create images with the effect of optical illusions on pedestrian paths and roads. In honor of this exciting activity, a funny holiday has been established. July 16th is Asphalt Painting Day. In honor of the celebration, all art lovers take to the streets and squares of cities with crayons, charcoal and paints. On this day, competitions are held among adults and children for the best drawing on asphalt or paving stones. Street artists give master classes on creating images with a 3D effect on flat surfaces. The tradition of painting on asphalt is believed to date back 600 years. In medieval Italy, “Madonnaris” were very popular - artists who painted pictures on city pavements and squares. The basis of their plot was the Madonna - the mother of Jesus Christ. Onlookers and passers-by enjoyed watching the paintings being created. Connoisseurs of fine art, having become acquainted with street masterpieces, ordered portraits on hosts from the masters. Today, realistic images with a 3D effect - anamorphoses - are very popular. Kurt Werner was the first to create them using crayons in the 90s. An artist from the USA became a popularizer of a new type of artistic art - street art. Despite his 65 years, he continues to work actively and paint three-dimensional paintings on asphalt, the peculiarity of which is a three-dimensional image. Optical illusions can perform purely utilitarian functions. Thus, in Canada and India, pictures of potholes are specially painted or pasted on the roads to encourage drivers to slow down. American artist David Zinn creates real masterpieces using crayons and charcoal. With the help of art objects, features of the landscape, sewer hatches, grass growing between reinforced concrete slabs, cracks in the asphalt and potholes on the surface of transition paths are played out. Viewers looking at Julian Beaver's paintings from a certain angle “find themselves” on the peak of a mountain or the edge of an abyss, at waterfalls and on the roofs of skyscrapers. Street painting has long been one of the types of contemporary art. This includes graffiti, non-commercial posters and installations. The 3D illusions created with crayons and paints by experienced craftsmen are amazing. Painting on Asphalt Day encourages artists of all ages to draw classics, depict the surrounding landscape, and even practice creating anamorphoses.

Among domestic animals, rodents occupy a special place. Owners choose these pets because of their cute appearance, small size and unpretentiousness. Guinea pigs were domesticated in the 5th millennium BC. - during the Inca civilization, whose representatives valued them as a source of dietary meat. Animals were also sacrificed to the Sun God. Descendants of ancient tribes living in Peru, Guatemala, Ecuador, Chile and Colombia still eat guinea pigs. Today, these mammals are bred for decorative purposes. July 16 is Guinea Pig Appreciation Day. The fun Guinea Pig Appreciation Day celebrates the affectionate pet that is easy to eat, doesn't require much attention and takes up little space compared to cats and dogs. Rodents of the family Caviidae were brought to Europe on ships in the 16th century, and therefore began to be called overseas, i.e. brought from afar. Pigs had a reputation as exotic animals that only wealthy people could own. As an attribute of luxury, rodents were depicted on the hands of people in family portraits of the aristocracy. Queen Elizabeth I was a big fan of this species of mammal. Kind and sociable animals love to sit in your arms and purr like cats when you pet them. Owners say that their pets can also squeal, grunt, squeak, snort and even grumble. They quickly get used to the owner, joyfully greeting him when they meet him by raising him on his hind legs. Unlike other rodents such as rats, hamsters and mice, guinea pigs can see colors. The aristocratic Peruvian breed has a silky coat that grows up to 50 cm, creating a kind of mantle along the entire body. Owners make ponytails out of their pets' lush bangs, similar to the hairstyles of Maltese dogs. There are many interesting facts about guinea pigs. Their DNA has 64 chromosomes, like that of a horse, while humans have only 46 (23 pairs). Guinea pigs breed well in captivity. A month after birth, the animals are ready to reproduce. An unusual fact is that a pregnant female can "change her mind" about becoming a mother. In this case, the embryos are resorbed inside the mammal's body or preserved for several years. The oldest representative of rodents is a guinea pig named Snowball, who lived for 15 years. It was included in the Guinness Book of Records in 1979. Typically these mammals live no more than 4-7 years. The average body length of a guinea pig is 25-35 cm, the weight of adult males can reach 1.5 kg. Animals' teeth grow throughout their lives, so they need to be ground down like the claws of cats and dogs. Smart animals are easy to train, they can distinguish the owner’s voice and respond to their name. Kind and cute rodents evoke a lot of positive emotions in their owners. To express the boundless love for pets, Guinea Pig Appreciation Day was invented.

Panama Holidays - Children's Day (Dia del Nino)

Holidays of Armenia - Vardavar - Feast of the Transfiguration of Jesus Christ

It has become a good tradition all over the world to express gratitude to accountants for their work and scrupulous accuracy in financial reports. For example, the best employees are rewarded with cash bonuses and valuable gifts, and corporate parties are also organized. In Ukraine, it is also customary to congratulate accountants on their professional holiday. On June 18, 2004, the second President of Ukraine L. D. Kuchma signed decree number 662/2004, on the basis of which it was decided that every year on July 16, the country would celebrate Accountant’s Day. The date of the holiday was chosen based on the fact that in 1999 a law was adopted that spelled out the basics of accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine. This law was signed into law on July 16. In the past, an accountant in the minds of every person was perceived as a person with accounts and wearing armbands. Modern accountants are professionals in their field with higher education, know the laws perfectly and work mainly with computer programs. Employees of the financial department are responsible for controlling the expenses of the enterprise, and they must also know how to minimize expenses so that the economics of the enterprise are more profitable.

According to the folk calendar, the Day of Mokiya and Mark is celebrated on July 16 (July 3, old style). The holiday received this name from the church date of honoring the memory of two saints - the martyrs Mokius and Mark. The saints lived on the territory of the Roman Empire in the 4th century and were Christians. At that time, there was persecution of Christians, so Mokia and Mark were seized by guards and brought to trial before the ruler. On the way to the judgment seat, a child appeared before the guards, trying to stop the pagans, but the boy was mercilessly beaten. For the refusal of Mark and Mokius to leave Christianity and make an offering to the pagan gods, the ruler ordered their heads to be cut off. The people called the day of Mokia and Mark Stozhars (the astronomical name is the Pleiades - a cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus). It was during the summer that they became most visible in the sky. Residents believed that the Stozhars patronized generous hunting, so hunters went into the forest unless the constellation was covered by clouds. The peasants treated the stars themselves with respect and believed that they were God's angels looking at people. Another name for the date was Poppy Day, since the names of Saints Mochius and Mark were very similar in consonance to poppy. On this day, residents collected poppies and believed that it helped in the fight against evil spirits. They sown it around their lands in order to sleep off evil spirits approaching human habitation. Engaged couples were given poppy seeds in their shoes to prevent witches from harming the future newlyweds. Due to the abundance of grains in the poppy heads, the poppy was associated with abundance. Its seeds were often used in cooking: added to Christmas juice, pies, cookies, mushroom and meat dishes. It was also used in folk medicine as a remedy for insomnia, headaches or fatigue. Poppy was even added to poultry feed, in the belief that it would increase its egg production. The day of Mokiya and Mark were considered unfavorable dates. They said that you should not start new things, otherwise they could get disastrous results. However, the residents boldly prepared the hay. Pre-dried grass was piled up in huge piles. It was important to collect it in dry weather, otherwise the wet grass could die and rot before winter. When the weather was cloudy, the peasants sent their offspring to the fields: they asked the Stozhars to divert the rains. If on Stozhary they noticed a spider making its web, or swarms of mosquitoes, then they prepared for fine days. Incessant thunderclaps were heard as a sign of imminent bad weather. The receding water in the wells signaled hot days. The high yield of sorrel foreshadowed a calm winter without severe frosts.

Holidays of Peru - Virgin of Carmen de Chincha

Orthodox holidays on July 16:

Memorial Day of the Righteous Princes Vasily and Konstantin Yaroslavsky

Memorial Day of the Martyr Jacinthos of Rome

Transfer of the relics of St. Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, wonderworker