Puzzles train memory, attention and imagination, helping to delay the onset of old age. Thanks to, for example, assembling a jigsaw puzzle, both hemispheres of the brain are stimulated, which activates the production of neurons. The holiday is dedicated to the birthday of Erno Rubik - July 13, 1944. The invention of the Hungarian engineer won the hearts of millions of people around the world.

Fool's Paradise Day is held annually on July 13th. The holiday is celebrated to take a day off to relax your mind. If a person's real life is currently spoiled and everything may seem wrong, then on this day you need to close your eyes and dream of yourself in another world. Heaven is a creative place where there is no pain, work, sadness, irritation or worries. Paradise Day for Buraks is a great reason to visit this wonderful place and forget about all life’s problems. Fool's Paradise Day got its name because in order to escape reality and get away from real troubles, you need to make a few stupid decisions. People who think a lot and know everything don't know how to let things go easily. However, on Fool's Paradise Day, it is very important to close your eyes and try to escape from reality. Even when the whole world is falling apart, the paradise you have created for yourself can be visited when you need a break. In Shakespearean language, the term means that someone is in a state of happiness based on completely false hope, but everyone can use a little false hope from time to time. The phrase dates back centuries, with the first recorded example found in Paston's Letters of 1462. Shakespeare even later used it in Romeo and Juliet, 1592. The funniest part of Fool's Paradise Day is that you can make up what incredible circumstances you want to celebrate. A fool's paradise is considered an illusory state of mind and happiness based on fiction or delusion. This term is often referred to as the phrase "living in a fool's paradise", implying that the person may be deliberately ignoring reality. The phrase "fool's paradise" was first used in the mid-1400s, but it was most popularly noted in Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, where the nurse says, "But first let me tell you, if you must take her to heaven for fools, as they say, but it was very rude behavior."

People who enjoy their work enjoy their professional activities and happily perform the responsibilities assigned to them. This is facilitated by the good attitude of the boss and the favorable atmosphere that has developed in the team - a research team, office, medical facility or production.

With its industrial rise of the 30-50s. last century, the USSR was indebted to industry, whose enterprises required a lot of iron ore, coal, granite, copper, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals. Geologists searched for mineral deposits. Thanks to supermen in sweaters and beards who imitated Ernest Hemingway, the idol of the Soviet intelligentsia, the West Siberian oil and gas basin was discovered, deposits of apatite-nepheline ores were found on the Kola Peninsula and iron in the Urals. Most of the rock deposits that are in demand by enterprises in modern Russia are a legacy of the Soviet Union. Basalt, granite, coal, limestone, sand, rock salt and clay have been used at all stages of human civilization. The Mayans made medical instruments from volcanic glass, a material formed as a result of the rapid cooling of lava that reached the surface of the earth. In Ancient Greece, pumice was used to polish marble statues; in Egypt, limestone and sandstone were used in the construction of pyramids. The Stone Age gave way to the Copper Age, which gave way to the Bronze Age, which in the 1st millennium BC. became iron, but rocks continued to play an important role in people's lives. Today, it is impossible to imagine the construction of houses and roads, the operation of energy enterprises and the production of metals without them. Fertilizers are made from low-lying peat, rich in ash substances, as well as from agricultural ores, which are also used for chemical reclamation of solonetzic soils. Sculptures are made from igneous rocks, granite and basalt, and elements of interior decoration and decoration are made from sedimentary rocks: gypsum stucco moldings, marble stairs, mica rings and earrings. Along with precious stones, quartzite is used to create jewelry masterpieces; clay, sand and kaolin are used in the production of ceramics. The importance of natural resources is difficult to overestimate. Therefore, July 13 is celebrated as International Rock Day. In honor of International Rock Day, various educational events, exhibitions, and open days in geological museums are held. Rocks are the basis of the earth's crust, and almost all of their deposits are of industrial importance. However, they are used not only for utilitarian purposes. Natural beauties are something that travelers from all over the world never tire of admiring. Karst caves with limestone stalactites and stalagmites are very popular among tourists, as are cascading waterfalls with mountain rivers rushing along rock ledges. High ridges protect the plains from storm winds and reduce the strength of volcanoes and earthquakes. The use of stones when creating roads and roadsides is one of the ways to improve the ecology of the area. The porous surface of the coating made of crushed stone and gravel becomes a natural filter for purifying rainwater from contaminants and foreign impurities. In everyday life, shungite is used for these purposes. This rock of the Precamberian period has been used by people for centuries for mineralization and as a sorbent for water purification. Opened in 1719 in Karelia, the “homeland” of shungite, the resort welcomed ordinary people and royalty. Here Peter I was treated for kidney disease. The healing properties of the “Martian waters” were explained by a large layer of shungite lying at the bottom of the spring. Man actively uses the natural resources of the planet in his life. International Rock Day reminds people of their value and important role in meeting material and cultural needs.

Every year in the first half of July, one of the professional holidays takes place in Kazakhstan, namely, the holiday is celebrated by national security officers of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Officially, the holiday first appeared in 2011, after President Nursultan Nazarbayev signed a corresponding decree establishing a professional holiday. The date chosen was July 13, since on the same day, but in 1992, the KGB of the Republic of Kazakhstan was reorganized into a new organization called the National Security Committee of Kazakhstan. The tasks of the committee were to ensure the security and sovereignty of the republic. The Committee is only a separate structure of the unified national security system. The National Security Committee consists of:• territorial and structural divisions of regional and city significance;• border service of the National Security Committee;• military counterintelligence units;• foreign intelligence service "Barlau";• special forces battalions;• research laboratories;• departmental hospitals. The emblem of the organization was chosen to be an image of a round shield with a blue central part and blue around the edges. In the center of the shield itself is a seven-pointed red star with a gold base, as a symbol of hope and faith. It is no coincidence that the star is depicted with seven rays: the ancestors of the Kazakhs considered this number sacred. In the center of the star there is a symbolic image of the skeleton of a Kazakh yurt. Along the edge of the emblem in a circle there is an inscription in Kazakh “National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan”, and next to it the motto “Namys. Aibyn. Otan", which translates as "Honor. Valor. Fatherland." The official flag of the organization is considered to be a blue cloth with the committee emblem in the center. Graduates of the capital's Academy and the Military Institute of the NCB of the Republic of Kazakhstan become employees of the National Security Committee of Kazakhstan. In addition to the required disciplines, students study foreign languages, and graduates after graduation become certified lawyers and operatives. On the Day of Employees of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan, committee employees receive congratulations from colleagues and superiors.

Every year on July 13, Montenegro solemnly celebrates the Statehood Day of its country, remembering the day when in 1878, by the Berlin Treaty, by decision of most European countries, it was separated from the Ottoman Empire and became the 27th independent sovereign state in the world. By the decision of the same Berlin Congress, new borders of Montenegro were approved and the newly formed state not only increased its area at the expense of former Turkish possessions, but also gained access to the Adriatic Sea without the right to maintain a navy. During the First World War, Montenegro was occupied by Austro-Hungarian troops, and by decision of the 1918 Assembly, having lost its sovereignty, it became part of the kingdom of the South Slavs - Yugoslavia. It is worth noting that the referendum on the independence of Montenegro and its secession from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro took place only on May 21, 2006, and Montenegro received the status of a sovereign state on June 3 of the same year, when the country’s parliament officially published the declaration of independence of the republic. But at the same time, Montenegro gained its first public holiday, Statehood Day, in July 2004 and celebrated it solemnly for the first time. It is curious that until 2003, while Montenegro was part of Yugoslavia, July 13 was celebrated as the “Day of the Uprising of the People of Montenegro.” The fact is that in 1941, an uprising began in Montenegro against the occupying fascist troops, who, having occupied its territory, tore the country away from Yugoslavia and declared it an independent state under the auspices of Italy. The partisan uprising was intended to coincide with the date of the declaration of independence of the country, and although the Italians soon managed to suppress the resistance, the events that took place became a symbol of the people’s struggle for the freedom and independence of Montenegro. Today, the main big public holiday has been declared a day off and in its honor ceremonial receptions are held at the state level, and festive events are held throughout the country: concerts, festivals, fairs and folk festivals. On this day, the ceremony of presenting the highest national award is also held - recognition of the name July 13 - “Trinaestojulska nagrada”, which is awarded for special services to the country.

Nerds are schoolchildren and students obsessed with studying and gaining knowledge to the detriment of other realities of life. People who are passionate about high technology, computers and gadgets in particular are called geeks. These include all smart people who have deep knowledge and are experts in any field. The most famous of the geeks today is Elon Musk, who broadcasts the ideas of teleports, space tourism and human settlement of Mars. Geeks are communities of people who have a thorough knowledge of video games, movies and comics, science, or modern technology. Geeks are considered to be boring and are characterized as smart people who are ready to prove themselves right on any issue, foaming at the mouth. A fun holiday is designed to destroy stereotypes about these eccentrics and increase the self-esteem of intellectuals. July 13th is Embracing Your Geekiness Day. The word geek appeared in the 19th century. This was the name given to eccentrics who committed various stupidities and obscenities at fairs. Over time, the word lost its negative meaning - it began to be used when talking about representatives of a certain subculture. Before the era of digitalization, communities of people passionate about one idea were called fandoms. The first of them, fans of detective stories about Sherlock Holmes, appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century. Science fiction communities emerged in the 1930s. Fandoms were also organized by experts in films and cartoons, books, radio and television shows. With the advent of the Internet, geeks began to communicate online on forums and discussion platforms that had a hierarchy and a status system. Intellectuals created norms of communication within the community, communication in which, due to the large presence of terms and allusions, was accessible only to participants. Analogues of forums began to appear on social networks, which gave representatives of the subculture weight in the eyes of the mass consumer. The geeks had a great grasp of the Star Wars galaxy and the sprawling Marvel and DC universes, a fact that was undeniable despite the eccentricities and fanatical attitudes of the experts. Today, these smart people are making discoveries and bringing into our reality technologies that have long been in the realm of science fiction. Thus, the Boston Dynamics team, which builds robots, relies in its developments on Asimov’s three laws of robotics. Geeks study any phenomenon, science or subject not for the sake of meaningless accumulation of knowledge. They share available information, thereby influencing society, the economy and the media. Embrace Your Geekness Day encourages geeks to stop hiding their talents and proudly show off their deep knowledge to people on July 13th.

On July 13 (June 30, old style), according to the folk calendar, the Feast of the Twelve Apostles is celebrated. The date received its name in honor of the church day of honoring all 12 apostles: Andrew, Bartholomew, James Alpheus, James Zebedee, John, Judas James, Matthew, Matthias, Peter, Simon, Philip and Thomas. Before meeting Jesus Christ, the twelve apostles were ordinary people, some of them were even pagans. Having become disciples of the Savior, they received knowledge from the Lord himself. It was they who were with the Savior to the end, and then went to spread the faith of Christ to neighboring countries. The apostles devoted their lives to preaching Christianity and did not renounce it even in painful torture. Among the people, the holiday had other names - the Top of Summer, Farewell to Spring. And it is no coincidence, because during this period the hottest days of the year arrived. Residents dressed up in new clothes and went to haymaking. Often the holiday grew into a folk festival until sunset. In the evening, residents of some regions created a special doll from straw and reeds. She was dressed in a colorful dress and decorated with jewelry made of beads, flowers and ribbons. The costume was carried around the village, songs were sung and the summer season was celebrated, and by nightfall it was unloaded and sent swimming across the pond. On the Twelve Apostles it was a custom, as on Easter Sunday, to color eggs and treat them to loved ones and neighbors. The eggs had to be painted yellow; for this purpose, the eggs were boiled in water with the addition of chamomile, saffron, carrots and onion skins. It was also customary to cook scrambled eggs with the addition of herbs, lard, sausage or fish. On this day, unmarried girls performed divination on their betrothed. They picked 12 types of wildflowers and placed them under their heads at night. If you dreamed of a guy, then the girl expected matchmakers from him in the future. But the healers of the Twelve Apostles collected herbs and prepared medicinal potions from them. If in the morning on this day they noticed the sky overcast with clouds, then in the afternoon they prepared for precipitation. The restlessness of the sheep in the meadows also promised imminent rains. The abundance of morning dew foreshadowed the heat. Clouds floating in the direction of the wind indicated calm, warm weather; clouds floating against the wind indicated a thunderstorm. The cry of the cuckoo was heard during the long summer and long autumn.

Baha'i Holidays - Feast of the Nineteenth Day of the Month of Kalimath

Orthodox holidays on July 13:

The Orthodox Church is called “apostolic” for a reason - it was the apostles who transmitted the knowledge of Jesus Christ to people. We celebrate the Council of the glorious and all-praised 12 Apostles on July 13th. The word “apostle” itself is translated as “servant” or “messenger”. The 12 apostles were God's messengers and servants of Christ, his disciples and followers. These people were closest to the Savior, becoming his faithful companions and listeners. Thanks to the 12 apostles, people who were far from Jesus and did not have the opportunity to listen to his sermons learned that the main human sin - original sin, because of which all suffering was sent to us, was atoned for. The fact that we now have the opportunity to read about Christ and know about all the events that happened in Jerusalem is also the merit of some of the 12 apostles, who compiled written testimonies about the life and deeds of the Savior. These records, which began with the first sermon of Jesus, are already 2000 years old. They are the ones who help people gain information that supports our faith in the Lord. The apostles were chosen by Christ from ordinary mortals 3 years before his crucifixion. All of them were representatives of non-noble and poor families. Jesus endowed these people with miraculous power so that the apostles would serve the human race until their death. After the call to the apostleship, all 12 of Christ’s disciples left their homes and went after the Teacher to preach, to bring people the light of new Knowledge, while sharing all the sufferings and deprivations of Christ himself. The call to the apostleship of all 12 disciples did not take place at the same time; it happened over a long period of time. Andrew, John, James and Simon (who was later named Peter) were honored to become the first followers and disciples of Jesus. Following them, Nathanael and Phillip received the apostolic title. For some time, the students continued to do their usual activities. However, after these people witnessed the miracles performed by Christ, after listening to the sermons of their Teacher, they left everything they had and followed him. Poor fishermen, who fed their families thanks to their meager catch, themselves became “fishers of men” - those who gave knowledge, directed, revealed the truth and showed the way to salvation. The apostles, called by the Savior to serve, did not overnight become his devoted followers. For some time, Christ had to, every now and then, strengthen their faith, support them in their conviction of the truth of their chosen path of serving the Lord. The apostles still did not understand the words and deeds of Christ, they asked many questions about the Kingdom of God and wanted to know what human privileges they were entitled to for serving Jesus. At some moments the weakness of the faith of the apostles was such that they renounced their Teacher. The Apostle Peter himself denied Christ three times. And even when the miraculous resurrection of the Son of God occurred, many disciples continued to doubt their faith. They interpreted the evidence of the Kingdom of God in an earthly way, confirming with their actions the Holy Scripture, which speaks of the weakness and imperfection of human nature. The apostles still managed to acquire the knowledge of God thanks to the help of the Lord and the power of the Holy Spirit. They overcame their true sinful nature to become devout followers of Christ, serving him until the end of their days. Only one of the apostles, John the Theologian, quietly and calmly passed into another world, having endured a lot of suffering during his life. All the other disciples of Christ suffered martyrdom. Now the 12 apostles surround God’s throne in heaven, so that at the hour of the Last Judgment, together with the Lord himself, they pronounce judgment on people ever born on Earth.

Feast of the Gorbanevskaya Icon of the Mother of God

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God of Volyn

Feast of the Balykino Icon of the Mother of God

Cathedral of Saints of the Birobidzhan Diocese