World Civil Aviation Conductor Day is celebrated on July 12 every year. It is generally accepted that the holiday originated in Germany in 1928. Almost ninety years ago, a special person began to be hired on board the plane to provide service to the crew and passengers during the flight. Previously, these duties were performed by the co-pilot, which was risky, especially during long flights, and for reasons of flight safety and passenger comfort, the profession of steward was introduced. At that time, the flight attendants were men, and they were also former waiters who had previously worked in expensive restaurants. But in 1930, in the United States, pretty and petite girls began to be attracted to work, who, firstly, weighed less than men, and secondly, served as a kind of advertisement for passenger air transportation. This practice spread throughout the world, giving the profession and the practice of flying a romantic connotation. The first flight attendant was Helen Church, who completed a nursing course, which was the decisive argument in favor of accepting her as a flight attendant. Her first flight as a flight attendant was on May 15, 1930, on a flight from San Francisco to Cheyenne. Now the range of qualities that a flight attendant must have has been significantly expanded. They are selected according to the “three O” principle: external image, that is, speech, facial expressions, attractiveness, neatness and others; internal image - it includes character traits, and a professional image, which includes specific skills and knowledge. The duties of flight attendants include: providing advice on flight program issues, providing food and drinks, and promptly responding to passenger calls. In addition, flight attendants must speak foreign languages, be able to provide first aid, have high professionalism and composure, and be able to prevent emergency situations. Despite the romance of the profession, it is classified as dangerous to life and health. In addition to stress, emergency situations and the likelihood of disasters, flight attendants, like the entire crew, are exposed to radioactive radiation from the upper layers of the atmosphere. This holiday is celebrated not only by flight attendants of civil aviation, but also by students, teachers, as well as students and graduates of courses at specialized educational institutions. The media prepare programs about this profession, invite veterans of civil aviation - former - and current flight attendants - to the television studio, who talk about cases of flight life, and about the paths that led them to aviation. On July 12, participants in the celebration exchange experiences and discuss innovations. Distinguished employees are awarded certificates and valuable gifts. During the festive feast, different wishes and toasts alternate, but one remains unchanged - so that the number of takeoffs coincides with the number of landings.

Saint Veronica's Day is a Catholic holiday glorifying the deeds of a woman who was rewarded for her mercy and faith with a miraculous image of Jesus. The analogy with the creation of the first photograph allows us to consider her the patroness of photography. According to legend, when Jesus carried the cross to Calvary, his path was thorny and painful. The pious, kind Jewish woman took pity on Christ, who had fallen once again. Not afraid of reprisals from the guards, she wiped the sweat and blood from her face. A miraculous image appeared on the scarf, which belongs to special relics called “akeropita”. And, like everything amazing, Veronica’s card is shrouded in secrets and mystifications. There are few such sacred objects that, according to the most common version, are of divine origin. The Shroud of Turin is made from the same material as the Shroud of Veronica. This is fine linen - a unique fabric of antiquity, which has a controversial composition that cannot be recreated even with the use of modern technologies. No less interesting is the fact that over time there were three such scarves. It is quite difficult for the Catholic Church and researchers to unanimously recognize any relic as a fake or an original. This is because there is no direct irrefutable historical evidence of the existence of such a woman and the events associated with her. The first mention of vera icon (Latin for “true image”) can be found in religious texts of the 2nd-3rd centuries about Pontius Pilate, the prefect involved in the condemnation and execution of Jesus. Such texts in the form of apocryphal tales cannot testify to the authenticity of things or actions. The etymology of the word indicates to scientists that the name “Veronica” itself came from this Latin saying, although there are alternative versions about the fate of this woman and about her true name. However, the church treats the board as a great shrine, enshrined in the heart of the Vatican - the majestic and ceremonial Basilica of St. Peter. Since 1628, the display of this relic is strictly limited - once a year, on a certain day of Lent. An alternative version, known as the Monopello face, does not have the crown of thorns, which suggests that it is a copied item, possibly very ancient, but man-made. Although it is on this miraculous, or not so miraculous, piece of fabric that the image of a face is very clearly and reliably depicted. The amazing quality allows comparison with a photo negative. Such an unusual fact, not yet explained from a scientific point of view, although very criticized, does not detract from the significance of the day of such a popular saint among the people as Veronica. Allows you to consider all photography lovers as yours without excessive religiosity - to celebrate July 12 as Photographer's Day. Recently, it has been celebrated not only in Catholic countries, but also in Russia. Although World Photography Day is celebrated on August 19th, there are never too many good holidays. Photographer's Day, as a good profession and an interesting hobby, is proof of this. Professionals and amateur enthusiasts prepare many interesting events from exhibitions to competitions and family celebrations. Master classes, seminars, and trainings from specialists and well-known people in this field are organized for those who want to improve their ability to capture life. It is interesting to know the history of the development of photography, because almost two millennia have passed from the moment of the “first” photograph to the appearance of the next ones (1822, 1826 - the surviving image). Now this process in the age of digital technology has reached a new level, allowing everyone to join the profession of photographer.

The Day of the Sheaf of Veles falls on July 12 (Lipenya). God Veles (in some sources he is called Volos) is the son of Rod, the ruler of the world. The sacred book of the Slavic priests, the Book of Veles, is named after him. It was he who showed the ancient Slavs the joys of agriculture. Veles also tamed domestic animals, which is why he is called the “cattle god.” Some scientists attribute him to the Slavic demons, because Veles was raised by the dark forces of Navi (the world of the dead). After the adoption of Christianity, the holiday began to be celebrated along with Peter's Day. On July 12, the sacred stone Alatyr received special attention from the Slavs. It blocked the entrance to Nav; only Veles himself could move it. This day coincided with the choice of a victim for Perun - the brother of Veles, with whom the latter defeated the Skipper Snake. In the first ten days of July, they usually finished plowing the fields for winter crops. More often than not, it was hot at this time, the days were still long, but the autumn thaw was just around the corner. The peasants worked especially carefully these days: a lost summer day threatened a hungry winter. That is why the day of the sheaf of Veles was not celebrated noisily, with games and riots. From this day on, the ancient Slavs began preparing hay for the winter: they began mowing grass. And they did it in the morning, while there was dew. Women and youth went out to weed. Around this time, the harvest began, collecting the crops in tight bunches, that is, sheaves. The last sheaf from the field was revered by the pagans. They believed that he was possessed by the spirit of the field, the spirit of Veles himself. The family kept this sheaf until next year and gave it honors as God. In some areas, several ears of corn were left in the fields, calling them “Veles’s beard.” Since that time, herbs have already lost their healing properties and they have ceased to be collected. On this day, knowledgeable people made amulets for livestock and read ancient spells for good luck. The priests loudly glorified Veles, holding a container of millet above their heads. Housewives prepared porridge flavored with butter for dinner. They tried not to put beef and veal on the table. From this day on, summer weddings began to be celebrated.

Heterochromia, the concentration and uneven distribution of melanin in the iris, occurs in both humans and animals. The cause of this anomaly is most often a congenital feature. It was believed that such people see through people and have developed intuition.

Paper Bag Day is celebrated on July 12th every year. The celebration aims to spread awareness about the pollution caused by plastic and the serious threat it poses to the environment. Plastic waste takes thousands of years to decompose. Therefore, it is important to understand the harmful effects of single-use plastic bags. Paper bags are made from renewable raw materials and are recyclable and biodegradable. Many people use paper bags every day, which helps reduce environmental pollution. Due to globalization, climate change and shortage of raw materials, people are choosing an eco-friendly lifestyle and paper bag is one of them. This reduces the use of plastic bags, which cause pollution and are not biodegradable. Without a doubt, the use of paper bags is an important factor in preserving our planet for future generations because paper bags are biodegradable. In some countries, Paper Bag Day is celebrated on other days. In 1852, American inventor Francis Wolle created the first machine for producing paper bags. In 1871, Margaret E. Knight developed another machine that could produce flat-bottomed paper bags. She rose to fame and became known as the “mother of the grocery bag.” In 1883, Charles Stilwell invented a machine that could produce paper bags with square bottoms and corrugated sides, making them easier to fold and store. In 1912, Walter Deubener used cord to strengthen paper bags and add carrying handles. Over the years, several inventors have emerged who have improved the production of paper bags. • Using paper bags is environmentally friendly. • Packaging in paper bags is considered elite and stylish. • Paper bags are made from renewable resources and are therefore easily recycled. • Paper bags are biodegradable and leave no toxins. • Paper bags can be used over and over again if handled with care. • Paper bags are easily compostable in a home composter. • Paper bags are inexpensive and practical to use. • Did you know that paper bags are made from wood, so they can be recycled and easily turned into new paper? Like newspapers, magazines or books. The downside to paper bags is that they can tear, making it difficult to carry frozen food in a paper bag. Therefore, the strength of a paper bag when wet is low. Without a doubt, using paper bags will greatly help the environment. But yes, we shouldn't waste paper thoughtlessly!

Shallow, narrow bays with sharp rocks and steep shores are found in Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Greenland, Chile, New Zealand and off the northern coast of America. The fjords, the result of tectonic ruptures in the earth's crust and the convergence of mountain glaciers, amaze with their beauty and monumentality. Most often, these unique creations of nature are found in Scandinavia. Here is the Geirangerfjord with a cascade of waterfalls and the Troll Staircase, the Sognefjord, the second largest in the world after Greenland's Scoresby, and the narrowest Nærøyfjord. Tourists sailing on liners and boats along the coast of Norway admire not only the rocks and steep cliffs over which the white-throated bear, toucans, puffins and other birds soar. Travelers enjoy views of cascading waterfalls, coniferous forests and other vegetation abundantly covering the fjords. Sheer cliffs surrounded by water are a symbol of Scandinavia. A holiday has been established to honor natural creations, some of which are protected by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. July 12th is Fjord Day in Scandinavia. The holiday appeared on the calendar in 1991. The celebration is dedicated to the rocks in the bays, which are valuable not only from a tourist point of view, but also economically. The fjords are a source of fish and seafood, which are exported and form part of the national cuisine. Hydroelectric power stations are located in the gorges - suppliers of cheap and environmentally friendly energy. The flat banks of the fjords are lined with farms and fishing villages. The rocks and sea bays belonging to the Arctic Ocean are called the soul of Norway. Thanks to the Gulf Stream, the water here almost never freezes. And along the Sognefjord, which has a depth of 1308 m below sea level, large sea ships - cruise ships and fishing boats - sail. Rocky shores and picturesque views attract not only travelers from all over the world, but also groups of filmmakers. The action of the American film "In Short" takes place on the Lofoten Islands in northern Norway in the bay of the shortest Trollfjord. The Fjordens Dag celebration lasts three days - from July 12 to 14. The program of the celebration, dedicated to ecology and preserving the pristine beauty of the fjords, includes educational events, exhibitions of photographs and paintings, musical evenings and concerts, kayaking and boat rides to watch animals and birds. The holiday draws people's attention to the state of the coastal areas and waters of the Norwegian Sea and calls for careful treatment of nature.

Psychologists around the world are sounding the alarm - modern man has forgotten how to communicate. In order to restore broken ties and rehabilitate those who, in the eyes of others, look like ill-mannered and arrogant people, an unusual holiday has been established.

Slavic culture is the cradle of civilization. Its ancient traditions are based on respect for the Family and ancestors, veneration of the laws of the universe, gods and spirits of nature. The culture of the Eastern Slavs has survived to this day in the form of customs and beliefs, folk costumes, trades and crafts, dance and song art. In order to preserve the heritage of their ancestors and unite people of different nationalities, an international festival is being held in Belarus. A pass for foreign citizens, giving the right to cross the state border of the country without obtaining a visa, is a ticket to cultural events. The international festival "Slavic Bazaar near Vitsebsk" is an event of national scale. The President of the country A.G. is always present at its opening. Lukashenko. His annual speech is dedicated to Slavic culture, distinguished by its depth, beauty and spirituality, as well as the greatness of art, which is eternal and knows no boundaries. Over the 30 years of its existence, more than 60 thousand pop singers and artists from 5 continents have taken part in the festival. In addition to music competitions, the program widely includes theater and film arts, and folk crafts. For a cultural event of international scale in Vitebsk, a large concert venue for 5,400 spectators was built - the Summer Amphitheater. Next to it, the “City of Craftsmen”, a fair of folk crafts, opens its tents every year. The first festival "Slavic Bazaar in Vitebsk" took place in 1992. The motto of this large-scale cultural event is "Through art - to peace and mutual understanding." The festival has its own emblem (cornflowers against the background of a pop microphone) and a flag, diplomas and prizes decorated with the logo, posters, souvenirs and even paper money. The purpose of the events held in Vitebsk is to preserve the traditions of their ancestors, popularize the culture of the Slavs and discover young talents - pop singers within the framework of the music forum. During creative competitions, children and adults from more than 80 countries of the world perform on pop stages and theater stages. The most popular event of the festival is the singing competition. At various times, the list of participants, in addition to Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian artists, included the names of musicians from Georgia, Cyprus, Uzbekistan, Sweden, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Lithuania and other countries. Based on the results of the competition, the winners of the competition are awarded the Grand Prix award, the amount of which reaches 20 thousand dollars, other cash prizes and memorable diplomas. Children's puppet and drama theaters, philharmonic orchestras, and dance groups from Belarus and Russia take part in the arts festival. As part of the "Slavic Bazaar in Vitebsk", painting exhibitions, theatrical meetings, acting master classes and solo concerts of pop stars are held. At various times, such pop performers as Taisiya Povaliy, Ruslana, Diana Gurtskaya and Natalya Podolskaya became winners and prize-winners of the festival. Nameplates of these and other singers are present on the Avenue of Stars - Laureates Square, laid out near the Summer Amphitheater in 2009.

Holidays of Russia - Flag Day of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Peter's Day, also called Peter-Paul, is celebrated on July 12 (June 29, old style) according to the folk calendar. In Rus', the date was considered a holiday and was dedicated to honoring two saints - the apostles Peter and Paul, whose memory was revered by the Orthodox Church on this date. Peter, who before meeting Jesus Christ had the name Simon, was one of the Savior’s 12 disciples and witnessed many of Christ’s miracles and sufferings. Afterwards he set out to spread the teachings of Jesus to the people and convert people of other faiths to Christianity. Arriving in Rome, he received the dignity of the first Pope. For spreading his sermons, the saint was executed by hanging him on a cross with his head to the ground. Paul, called Saul before baptism, was an idolater, was educated, but opposed Christianity. However, the Lord himself turned to him, and then Paul believed in God. He began to study the Holy Scriptures and then preach them. The saint became an apostle, introduced many to his faith and organized dozens of communities for Christians. Towards the end of Paul's life, the Jews killed him by beheading. In Rus', by this date, Peter's fast ended, so the holiday was sometimes called Peter's breaking of the fast. Residents organized festive tables with hearty dishes and invited relatives, neighbors and friends to their gatherings. If godparents came to visit, they brought treats to their little godchildren in the form of pies made from wheat flour. When meeting a son-in-law, the mother-in-law should treat him with cheese, and the son-in-law would serve her some tasty dish in return. On this day, they tried to treat the poor or passing wanderers with food. Often home gatherings turned into folk festivities. But in the cities on this day, residents went to the market for seasonal sales, and public auctions were held. Another name for this date was Fisherman's Day. During his lifetime, the Apostle Peter was engaged in fishing, therefore the saint was considered the patron saint of fishermen. They lit candles in churches for Peter and Paul and prayed to the saint to help them catch plenty of fish. On Peter's Day there was a custom to wash oneself from three bodies of water, preferably natural sources. Residents went into the forest and performed water procedures three times. They believed that this would preserve the health, beauty and youth of the person washing for many years. In addition, they believed that water on this day helps to cleanse oneself from committed marital sins. If rainy weather was observed on Peter's Day, then the haymaking was predicted to be wet. The more often it rained on a given date, the more bountiful the harvest was expected to be. A cold day announced a hungry winter. If the cuckoo's cuckooing stopped before July 12, then winter was expected to be early; after that, frosts came later.

Orthodox holidays on July 12:

In the midst of summer - on July 12, all Christian people celebrate the feast of the glorious and all-praised supreme apostles Peter and Paul. The history of this holiday dates back to ancient times - the era of early Christianity. They began to celebrate it immediately after the martyrdom of both apostles. As the story goes, the apostles Paul and Peter were executed on this very day - July 12, only with a difference of one year. The Apostle Peter was crucified, and Paul, as a Roman citizen, was beheaded with the sword. Before meeting the Lord, Peter and his brother Andrei were fishing. But having met Christ, he abandoned all earthly affairs and relentlessly followed his Teacher. Peter unquestioningly believed every word of Jesus and immediately recognized him as the Son of the Living God. Just starting the path of apprenticeship, Peter wanted to imitate his teacher in everything, but the notes of human doubt inherent in everyone were not alien to the apostle. For example, the case when a faithful disciple wanted to follow the example of Christ and walked on water, but halfway along the way he got scared and began to drown. No less indicative were the manifestations of human weakness by the apostle when, before the execution of Christ, he denied him three times. How bitterly he repented of this and then, after the resurrection of Jesus, he also confessed his love to the Lord three times. The risen Christ again called him to the apostleship and predicted martyrdom. After the ascension of the Son of the Lord, Peter preached the word of God, healed the sick and performed many other miracles. The power emanating from him was so great that even those on whom the shadow of the apostle fell were healed. The Apostle Peter ended his earthly journey with crucifixion. His last request was to be crucified head down, since he did not consider himself worthy to die like the Savior. Saint Paul, unlike the other apostles, was not a disciple of Jesus. Having received an education in Jerusalem, and being a professor of the Pharisees' traditions, he hated Christians and was even their persecutor. But one day, heading to Damascus, he was blinded by an incredibly bright light and at that same hour he heard the voice of Christ. Jesus asked him why he was persecuting him and gave orders what to do next. Arriving in Damascus, Paul, on the third day after meeting the Lord, received baptism and from that day became the most zealous preacher of the hitherto persecuted Christ and one of the apostles. Over all the years of serving the Lord, he left 14 messages that can be read in the Gospel. Slavic culture is very rich in traditions and signs associated with the holiday of Peter and Paul. On this day, even before sunrise, young people went out into the field to see the first rays of the heavenly body. It was believed that on a given day it shimmers with special colors. The fishermen prayed to the Apostle Peter for successful fishing. But the villagers never worked in the fields on this holiday, otherwise there would be no harvest. All day long, young and old had fun, sang songs, danced in circles, performed animations, told fortunes, and also held crowded and fun fairs.

Memorial Day of the Kasperov Icon of the Mother of God

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God of Dunilovskaya of Kazan