The Great Patriotic War made its own adjustments to people’s lives and plans and changed their attitude towards the army. The superiority of the Germans in the air became clear in the first days of the war. But our country was able to make a retaliatory move on equal terms only in 1942. In January, by order of the People's Commissariat, the formation of the first air defense fighter aviation unit began. The first air battles showed the correctness of the decision. Soviet pilots stopped the German armadas far away on the approaches, did not allow them to carry out bombing or land troops. The crews flew on missions more than 170,000 times and destroyed 4,000 Nazi aircraft. Over a short history, by the standards of other troops, air defense aviation was transferred several times either to the air defense or to the Air Force. This situation remained until 1998. From this year, air defense aviation, as an independent branch, ceases to exist. This decision was made after the unification of the air force and air defense forces. The Air Force began to have separate fighter groups that carry out missions under the command of the Air Force. The professional holiday of air defense aviation has been celebrated on January 22, since the signing of the order of the air defense commander in 1996. Operational-tactical aviation is the most maneuverable type of aviation. The basis is fighter units. At the moment when you read these words, there are 60 interceptors in the air, who are on duty around the clock at the borders of our airspace. Fighters guard the country from Kaliningrad to Kamchatka. Armament, detection equipment and crew experience make it possible to detect intruders long before the missile launch line. Over the years, many aircraft models were in service, ranging from the first MIGs, Yakovs and others. The end of the forties and the beginning of the fifties were marked by the deployment of jet fighters on combat duty. MIGs and Yaks were equipped with detection equipment and guided missiles. In the sixties, supersonic dryers and yaks came into operation. The fleet of units was constantly modernized and replenished with new aircraft. The development of long-range detection equipment was introduced, and air-to-air missiles were improved. Currently, various modifications of the MIG-31 and SU-27 are on combat duty. Work on introducing new technology does not stop. Models developed on the basis of the SU-27 appeared in the troops. Deep modernization has actually turned the SU-30 and SU-35 into a new generation of fighters. The latest equipment allows not only to detect air and ground targets, but also to coordinate work on them. The country's air borders are reliably guarded by professionals of the highest class, people devoted to their country. Respect and gratitude for their hard work and congratulations on their professional holiday. Love from loved ones and clear skies!

The transfer of human communication to the digital environment has led to the emergence of social networks and other online communities. They are managed by a community manager - a specialist responsible for communication with the Internet audience, moderating posts and providing a variety of support to group members. The specialist is also involved in promoting a product, brand or phenomenon among potential consumers. In honor of professionals working in the interests of online users, a holiday was established in 2010. Every fourth Monday of January is Community Manager Day. The initiator of the emergence of Community Manager Appreciation Day was Jeremy Ouyang, an analyst in the client strategy department. He researches the impact of social media resources on business development. SSM managers, SMO specialists who work with audiences who came to the company or brand website from social networks, and a community manager, who administers the online community and provides assistance to its members, take part in the promotion of ideas or products. Unlike a moderator, he is a public person who has his own opinion and participates in offline events (for example, meetings of fans of a sports club or subscribers to social network pages with the management of a team or company). Community managers, as community leaders, must have a certain set of qualities that allow them to work effectively. Specialists have the skills of a psychologist and publicist, have a broad outlook, and know the basics of advertising and marketing strategies. A person who not only monitors communication in social network groups, but also promotes a brand, must have his own opinion about the qualities of the product and its characteristics. This is necessary, for example, to write responses with clear arguments to reviews of a product or service. On the professional path of a community manager, there are a lot of pitfalls. This includes professional burnout due to perfectionism, round-the-clock work and constant inclusion in the situation, excessive emotional experience of the conflict that arose in the group. But all difficulties are surmountable and are not critical, especially since the profession is very promising. Promotion of goods and brands through online communities has a great future. As well as moderating groups with posting your own posts in instant messengers and social networks. Virtual communication between people in the modern world and groups of like-minded people will only increase. Therefore, “community manager” is the profession of the future. On January 23, all specialists are congratulated on the holiday by their audience, for whom they work without breaks and weekends.

Belly dancing is a dance technique common in the Middle East. Its origin is attributed to the Jewish princess Salome. During the dance, the performer, dressed in traditional Arab clothing, bedla, demonstrates mastery of her abdominal muscles. The costume consists of a monisto, bodice, belt, skirt or trousers, decorated with beads, rhinestones and pearls. For some types of dance, the use of a snake, saber, fan, scarves and other accessories is practiced. Performing for a conservative public in the East involves using a light cape as a prop, covering naked parts of the body and hair. An unusual holiday was invented in honor of the mastery of belly dancing with transparent blankets. January 22 is the Day of the Dance of the Seven Veils. According to legend, the skill of belly dancing was first demonstrated by the stepdaughter of King Herod Antipas, Salome. Dancing for her stepfather, she gradually threw off all the capes covering her body, remaining naked. Salome's skill amazed Antipas, and he asked to repeat this amazing performance. The dancer agreed on the condition that the king would give her the head of John the Baptist for this. This is how a character appeared in the Bible who became the prototype of the femme fatale and the harlot. The first performance of oriental dancers in Paris took place in 1889. In New York, the show "Arabian Nights" was shown at the Standard Theater a little earlier - in 1886. After that, writers began to actively use the image of a temptress in their work, supplementing it with myths about the goddess Ishtar and bayaderas - Indian temple dancers. Over time, an interpretation of the number of transparent capes emerged. The seven veils in bellidance symbolized the four natural elements and the foundations of all things - the body, spirit and soul of man. Throwing off the transparent capes signified the dancer's cleansing of earthly passions. Dance of the Seven Veils owes its popularity in Europe to Mata Hari. Famous courtesan of the early twentieth century. was a professional belly dancer. She was presented to the public as a princess who mastered oriental dance techniques. At the end of it, only jewelry and a bodice embroidered with stones and pearls remained on her. The dancer was not a Puritan - the ending of the performance had a logical explanation. Margareta Gertrude Zelle, Mata Hari's name before she began her career, has been embarrassed since childhood because of her shape and small breast size. Feeding two children only made the situation worse. The idea of ​​Salome throwing off exactly seven veils belongs to the English writer and playwright Oscar Wilde. In the biblical legend of King Herod Antipas, the number of veils is not mentioned. Thanks to Wilde’s imagination, the number with seven veils was included in the opera by R. Strauss in 1905, a novel by the writer T. Robbins, and later led to “Salomania” - a fashion for oriental dances with elements of striptease. The sensual “Vision of Salome” with transparent capes was performed in 1906 by Canadian Maude Allan, and 50 years later in the film Salome by actress Rita Hayworth. The openly erotic Dance of the Seven Veils is extremely popular in the 21st century. Therefore, a funny holiday was established in his honor. Dance of the Seven Veils Day, which is celebrated on January 23, pays tribute to the oriental art of dance and the imagination of creative people, who gave belly dancing a unique flavor and charm.

When audiences gather in a movie theater to double the pleasure of watching a movie, they usually take with them a sweet soda and a bucket of popcorn. This delicacy is sold in every cinema. Puffed corn has become an integral attribute of modern film culture. For this we should thank the Americans, who introduced such a tradition. Many people cook it at home in the microwave. Sweet, salty, with the taste of cheese, bacon, onion, sour cream, paprika, caramel, chocolate, hot pepper - a variety of all kinds of additives has made popcorn a universal treat that can appeal to everyone. It is often prepared at home and sold in supermarkets. On January 22, a very funny holiday is celebrated - the birthday of popcorn, which is better known to all of us under another name - popcorn. Today, alas, there is no information about who first came up with the idea of ​​heating grains to a high temperature so that they exploded. Most likely, this culinary discovery happened by pure chance. Puffed corn can be stored for a very long time. On the territory of modern Peru, archaeologists have discovered grains whose age has reached 1000 years. As it turned out, they can even now be put in the microwave to make popcorn, and the long shelf life has no effect on the properties of the product. Residents of South America made special vessels for preparing puffed corn. The age of such containers found by archaeologists exceeded several thousand years. Native Americans loved to make all kinds of jewelry. The most famous of them are feather crowns. Few people know that women from Indian tribes decorated their hair with corn kernels. They wove them into their hair, sometimes made necklaces, and this was considered beautiful among the locals. Corn formed the basis of their diet. Flour was made from maize, which was used for baking Lenten flatbreads. The Indians did not have wheat, but there is no point in lamenting their poor diet, because in addition to meat and corn, they prepared dishes from tomatoes, potatoes, cocoa, cotton, peppers, beans, peanuts, legumes, cassava, and sunflowers. Yes, yes, it was the indigenous people of America who gave us such a variety of vegetables and root vegetables. Corn has always occupied a special place in their culture. The date of the holiday was not chosen by chance. It was at the end of January in 1630 that an Indian chief named Quodequaina gave a bag of popcorn kernels to the English. According to one version, these were colonists who decided to settle in South America. According to another, they were English sailors who temporarily stopped off the coast of the recently discovered continent. One way or another, popcorn found its way to the Old World, where it became a real hit. Two centuries later, a special apparatus was invented that made it possible to put the preparation of puffed corn on stream. The idea came from a Chicago resident named Charlie Kritoz. He called his unit “Popper”. Today you can make popcorn at home. According to a common version, popcorn prompted the creator of the microwave oven to invent it. In 1945, American engineer and inventor Percy Spencer noticed that popcorn kernels exploded when exposed to microwave radiation, as if they were placed on fire. This prompted him to study the effect more deeply and create the world's first microwave. To make popcorn, you need to buy a special variety of sweet corn. The regular one is not suitable for this, as it simply will not explode in the microwave. Sweet or popcorn kernels contain some water. When heated to high temperatures, it turns into steam, which becomes crowded. Anyone who has poured boiling water into bottles at least once has experienced the opposite effect. As the liquid cools, the plastic container shrinks, making it difficult to open the lid. When heated, the steam literally breaks the corn kernels, turning them inside out. This is how we get popcorn.

Residents of East Asian countries celebrate the New Year according to the lunisolar calendar. It is based on the growing season of plant development. Agriculture and its cycles have been a vital part of human life for thousands of years. Paying tribute to tradition, the Chinese, Koreans, Vietnamese, Thais, Japanese and other Asian peoples celebrate the New Year in late January or early February, when spring arrives. The date of the holiday depends on the time of the second new moon after the winter solstice. On this day, Koreans celebrate Seollal, which means “Korean New Year.” The Seollal celebration lasts 3 days. The celebration is held in the family circle in an atmosphere of deep reverence for children, parents and deceased relatives. During the New Year it is not customary to work and fuss. Sollal encourages you to think, analyze your life and try to achieve inner balance. In honor of the new year, Koreans prepare ritual dishes (tteokguk rice soup, jeon pancakes, japchae noodles) and commemorate the departed by placing treats on the chesa (home altar). The main entertainment throughout the holiday for adults and children is flying kites, competitions in cheginkhach (a type of football), and the ancient game of yunnori. Its chips in the form of farm animals are still used by Korean farmers to tell fortunes, predicting who will be able to raise livestock the fastest. Residents of Seoul gather to celebrate the New Year in the city's central square. At midnight, the mayor rings the bell, the sound of which, according to ancient Korean beliefs, drives away troubles and illnesses. For the same purpose, images of animals from the Chinese zodiac horoscope are placed on the doors of houses. It is believed that this is how they protect homeowners from adversity. The main color of Seollal is considered to be red, which scares away evil spirits and protects against dark forces. In East Asia, there is a custom of both respect for elders and reverence for children. In honor of Sollal, relatives give them money in red envelopes and give them an instructive speech with an educational accent. To mutually congratulate each other on the New Year, parents and children wear traditional Korean clothing - hanbok. The tables set for Seollal amaze with their abundance. In honor of the celebrations, not only the ritual soup tteokguk is prepared, but also vegetable noodles, tteok pies, yakkwa honey cookies, and non-alcoholic rice drink sikhye. The table may also include yakchu, raspberry, cherry or plum wine, soju liqueur, yuju from fermented mare's milk and other treats. On the first morning of the new year, Koreans traditionally go to the Sea of ​​Japan. A trip allows you to catch the first rays of the sun, inhale the scent of Aquarius, collect your thoughts and immerse yourself in thoughts about the future. For Asians, the sun is a symbol of emerging life and the New Year. This is partly why the name of the Seollal holiday echoes the “solar” - a horoscope built on the time of the return of the luminary to its natal position. After visiting the sea, they go on a visit to the house of the oldest relative. Here it is customary to bow before the family altar and bring gifts to the souls of the departed - treating them to rice and fruits. Koreans are convinced that deceased relatives, in return for veneration, will, if necessary, help in difficult everyday situations. Honoring also includes bowing to senior family members. In response to this, elderly relatives thank and give monetary gifts. Korean New Year is an important cultural event. A family holiday that pays tribute to tradition allows all family members, young and old, to reunite, albeit briefly. New Year is a time of warm hugs, sincere congratulations and gifts. Therefore, both children and adults are looking forward to Seollal in Korea.

In East Asian countries, most religious and national holidays are tied to a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the moon's phases. Celebrations are held in compliance with folk traditions and rituals, which are accompanied by visits to temples and other shrines related to the cult of ancestors. In China, Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and Tibet, the New Year begins to be celebrated on the new moon of the first month of the year and ends 2 weeks later on the full moon. This public holiday, during which days off are provided, is considered the most important in a series of other celebrations. It is traditionally celebrated at home by families whose children will receive gifts of clothes and money in red envelopes (“lucky ones”). The celebration includes obligatory honoring of elderly people and visiting the graves of ancestors. Vietnamese New Year, Tết Nguyên Đán ("The Very First Morning Festival"), like Chinese, is celebrated on the 1st or 3rd day of the first month of the lunar calendar. Tet Holiday is not only a family celebration with meetings around a hearty table. This is a time of festivals, fairs and carnival processions with the lion dance, which is considered the personification of strength and courage in the national culture. The main color of the Vietnamese New Year is red. It is believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck. For the same purpose, for 2 weeks, the Vietnamese take to the streets of cities and villages with drums, gongs and bells. At home, in the process of preparing for the holiday, they clean and throw away everything unnecessary, symbolically saying goodbye to the failures of the past year. Vietnamese people decorate their homes with red paper lanterns, which are released into the sky on the last day of Tết Nguyên Đán. The New Year's tree is not a Christmas tree, but a kei-neu - a 6-meter bamboo stick, which is decorated with amulets, rooster feathers, cactus branches, origami in the form of fish and tree leaves. Traditional dishes on the table are pies of various shapes made from glutinous rice, pork and beans. Mâm ngũ quả ("five fruits"), a symbol of wealth, is placed on the ancestral altar. The set includes orange, pomelo, persimmon, bananas, peaches, tangerines, etc. In South Vietnam, the composition of fruits on the platter for offering to ancestors is more diverse than in the north of the country. The holiday is divided into 3 periods. On the first, Tatnyen, which begins 2 weeks before the celebration, it is customary to renovate the altar of ancestors, pay off debts, and buy new clothes for children. Before the New Year, they are busy preparing food and decorating the house, preparing food and waiting for the arrival of relatives. During Gyaothya (Gyao Tha), the second period of Tet Holiday, offerings are made to the spirits, prayers are recited in front of the altar and greetings are exchanged. In honor of the holiday, fireworks and folk festivals are held. Tannyen, the third period of national identity, lasts 7 days. They include visits to guests' houses, visits to old teachers, relatives, colleagues and friends. This tradition helps unite people, just like family prayers in the temple. Tannien ends the festival with the fall of a bamboo structure in the shape of a kay-neu, symbolizing the end of the Vietnamese New Year celebrations and the beginning of the work week.

The calendar contains many special dates and fun holidays. This is International Pi Day, New Meow Year of Cats, Falling Needles Festival, and Bald and Free Day. On January 22, an unusual and at first glance incomprehensible Temperature Holiday is celebrated. The vagaries of weather and climate that are associated with global warming often bring surprises to people. In different parts of the world, incidents are regularly observed when the air temperature outside the window does not coincide with expectations and does not correspond to traditional norms. In New York, for consecutive winters in early January, the thermometers are on a scale with positive indicators. This is an extraordinary phenomenon, and there is nothing to celebrate here. The same cannot be said about residents of central Russia, whose smartphone calendars showed the date January 22. Usually at this time of year in a particular area it is snowy and frosty, the temperature outside the window is not lower than -15 °C. Indeed, during the day, street thermometers for residents of Samara and Bryansk show -12 °C. Forecasters warn that due to light winds the frost will feel as low as -14 °C. But this is within normal limits, which means there is an excellent reason to celebrate the Temperature Holiday! When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere. In Brazil, towards the end of January, at this time the heat reaches +28 °C, in Australia in Sydney - up to +26 °C, in Cape Town, located on the Atlantic coast of South Africa, thermometers show + 25 °C. Residents of these countries will confirm that the weather corresponds to their expectations and coincides with the date on the calendar. That's why Brazilians, Australians and South Americans celebrate the Temperature Festival. In South Sudan, at the end of January, street thermometers do not drop below +38...40 °C. Temperature readings coincide with the calendar date and the weather that usually occurs at this time of year. Isn't this a reason to celebrate a fun holiday? On Antarctica, which is called White Mars due to its harsh climatic conditions, January 22 is expected to be sunny and frosty. Polar explorers from research stations are not surprised that it is -31 °C outside. Temperatures are within normal limits for the continent, where the annual average is -50 °C. January is a summer month for the Southern Hemisphere, so we can say that it is very warm in Antarctica, i.e. as usual. Therefore, polar explorers, if they want, can celebrate the Temperature Festival. Despite statements by scientists and governments of various countries about global warming on the planet and the greenhouse effect, many regions of the world have experienced abnormally colder temperatures every year. The concept of a temperature holiday is becoming very relevant. Residents of Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic and Spain have been complaining about unprecedented frosts and snowfalls this winter. And when it’s -12 °C outside on January 22, Europeans rejoice: warming has arrived, and the air has warmed up to normal mid-winter levels. Isn't this a reason to uncork a bottle of champagne for everyone who is happy with the weather and celebrate an unusual Temperature holiday?

It is not without reason that a person should be interested in his history and be aware of all the official dates and holidays recorded on paper. All holidays are an imprint of history, as well as events that we must remember and, of course, know. Every Ukrainian is proud of his history and the distant past of his ancestors, and knows all the holidays from A to Z. January 22 is no exception. In the history of Ukraine, this is a significant and symbolic day. Every year on January 22, Ukraine celebrates Unity Day. After the proclamation of the act of unification, Left-Bank and Right-Bank Ukraine became united. This is a long-awaited unification that all Ukrainians have been waiting for for many years. And this is truly a significant day for Ukrainians. According to the decree of the President of Ukraine, January 22 is celebrated as the Day of Conciliarity. This holiday was notarized on Sophia Square in the city of Kyiv on January 22, 1919, and since that day, the Day of Conciliarity has been celebrated in all cities of Ukraine. In schools, class teachers spend educational hours dedicated to this holiday and the events that occurred in Ukraine before the signing of the decree. Children in schools enjoy listening to the history of Ukraine. In this way, teachers instill in children the value and significance of the country's history. Every year this holiday is celebrated in different ways. Promotions are held in different cities. In 1990, people created an action called a human chain, which united three cities of Ukraine: Kyiv, Donetsk and, of course, Lviv. Almost 3 million willing people joined hands and created a chain of long-awaited unity. A very memorable and fascinating sight. Promotions, flash mobs, charity events, various exhibitions, concerts with performances by patriotic groups - all these events are held on this holiday. Even without appropriate decrees, people will continue to celebrate in all cities the symbolic holidays that Ukraine has suffered so hard.

Holidays in Poland - Grandfather's Day (Dzien Dziadka)

According to the folk calendar, January 22 (January 9, old style) is Philip Day. Its name comes from the church date of honoring the memory of St. Philip II, who served as metropolitan in Moscow during the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Young Philip, known in the world as Fyodor, entered service at court on his father’s behalf. But his heart was drawn to the Lord. Having secretly moved from his family to the Solovetsky monastery, Philip after several years received the rank of presbyter, and then abbot. An extremely hardworking clergyman created deserts for the silent presence of monks, revived the welfare of the monastery, and built hospitals. For his skillful leadership, Philip received the rank of Metropolitan of the Moscow See. Later he began to have disagreements with Ivan the Terrible. The ruler deprived Philip of his dignity and punished him by imprisoning him in a monastery. In the monastery in Tver, the saint was killed by Malyuta Skuratov. On Philip's Day, the people's holidays stopped and people returned to their homework. The owners chopped wood, made crafts, repaired and tidied up household chores. Housewives cleaned the house, washed, sewed. In the evening, according to tradition, they heated the bathhouse and went to wash off the “dirt of Christmastide.” Among the people, the bathhouse was considered a place not only of cleanliness, but also of washing away various diseases and sins. People took a steam bath before important events, be it a wedding, the beginning of sowing in a field, or the funeral of deceased relatives. The clear sky on Philip Day foreshadowed a large harvest in the summer. Looking at the crows sitting in the trees, they expected the coming frosts, and if they walked on the ground, this predicted warming. If the livestock did not want to go outside from the barn, a cold was expected. Also, the coming frost was predicted by a cat climbing to sleep on the stove; if she slept on a bench with her stomach up, people expected a thaw.

Orthodox holidays January 22:

Memorial Day of St. Philip the Wonderworker

Memorial Day of the Holy Prophet Samey