Any high-profile case that involves the initiation of a criminal case cannot be done without the participation of employees of a serious structure - the Investigative Committee of Russia. On January 15, this organization celebrates its day. This holiday first appeared on December 28, 2010 through the introduction of a corresponding legislative act. And it was put into effect the very next month - January 15, 2011. Thus, the list of state celebratory dates has been supplemented with a new significant event. The investigative group specializes in investigating serious crimes against the person, freedom, honor and dignity of a person. This also includes illegal acts committed by minors, etc. In the history of Russia, for the first time, the separation of an investigative institution from other state systems occurred during the reign of Peter the Great. He introduced a special reform, according to which the criminal process was divided into two stages: the investigation itself and the subsequent hearing in court. In 1713, the first investigative organizations were formed in the state in the form of major offices, subordinate to the emperor himself. They were involved in the investigation of especially serious crimes, in particular actions that infringed on the principles of state power: taking bribes, robbing the treasury, entering deliberately false information into official documents, fraudulent actions for selfish purposes, etc. After the death of Peter the Great, independent investigative organizations were liquidated, and the preliminary investigation began to be defined as a standard pre-trial process. In the period from 1723 to 1860, the investigation of crimes was the responsibility of non-specialized committees: a police chief institution, a detective order, a judicial administrative body, etc. Thus, an administrative form of organization of the investigative system arose in the country. In the 19th century, the disadvantages of this model began to appear. The key drawback was the rapid growth of corruption. During the reforms of 1860, Emperor Alexander II began to look for other options for organizing a preliminary investigation. As a result, the investigative committee was removed from the police and transferred to the courts. This model, invented by Alexander II, subsequently served as the basis for the military investigative apparatus. Until recently, it was mainly men who served in the investigative structure. And this trend was easily explained, because this profession is very complex and difficult. Every day, employees have to deal with criminal cases full of unpleasant moments. In addition, they often disappear at work for whole days. However, in recent years, representatives of the fair sex are increasingly being chosen to become investigators. On this holiday, heartily congratulate relatives, friends or just acquaintances who are performing their official duties within the framework of investigative structures.

Wikipedia is a universal online encyclopedia, free for every Internet user to access. The site's articles are compiled in different languages ​​by the joint work of volunteer authors. One of the key advantages of Wikipedia is the ability to provide information in your own language. In terms of volume of data and number of topics, it is the most comprehensive encyclopedia ever existing in history. Every network user can open this site at any convenient time, find the desired article and study it. If you identify an error or lack of information, you can press the “edit” button, eliminate inaccuracies, add other data, or completely rewrite the article and add it to the site. Thus, sections are most often supplemented, new publications are created, and the portal is developed. People's knowledge becomes public property. The predecessor of Wikipedia is Nupedia, an English-language project. Articles on the site were created by people from the academic community and the scientific community. The founders of the project itself were Larry Sanger and Jimmy Wales. To update information on the portal faster, young people founded Wikipedia in January 2001. Since then, any Internet user can participate in editing articles. In addition, every year the birthday of Wikipedia is celebrated all over the world. The encyclopedia gets its name from the word “wiki,” which translates as “quick.” In the spring of the same year, several language categories of the site were introduced, in particular Russian, Swedish, Italian, Japanese, etc. Today, Wikipedia has over 260 language sections. The volume of the virtual encyclopedia is constantly growing. The portal is extremely popular on the Internet and is included in the list of the world's most visited resources. Each article has two pages - the text itself and a discussion of visitors, where they are allowed to make comments about the article if they do not want to personally correct it. Although some people personally make amendments. The conditions for participation in the creation of Wikipedia are established by the community based on agreement. In other words, each participant who speaks also provides corresponding arguments. Next, all available arguments are considered, and finally, having reached agreement, the participants make a final verdict. Thanks to the wiki technique, data on the site appears and is corrected very quickly. The main principle of publishing an online encyclopedia is neutral opinion. In articles it is forbidden to show emotions and defend your own opinion. Currently, the Russian-language section of Wikipedia includes over 600,000 publications. Several years ago, the Russian Wikipedia community earned the ROTOR award as the best online community of that year. The scientific publication Nature decided to check the well-known myth about the inaccuracy of articles published on the site. They invited experts to study 42 articles published on Wikipedia and Britannica. The sources of publications were not specifically named. During the study, experts identified 8 gross errors: 4 from Wikipedia and the same number from Britannica. There have been no similar experiments on the territory of the Russian Federation yet.

The Day of the General Staff of the Russian Navy is celebrated annually on January 15, because it was on this day in 1938 that it was created. This happened simultaneously with the creation of the People's Commissariat of the Navy, which included the Main Naval Staff. During the period of formation of the regular fleet in Russia, the functions of this body were unclear, as was its organizational structure. Subsequently the situation was stabilized. The Navy now guarantees the security and defense capability of the Russian Federation at sea and is one of the three types of armed forces. And the General Staff ensures its effective management. In modern Russia, the Main Headquarters of the Navy acts as the basic control body (operational and strategic) of the country's fleet. To successfully perform the functions assigned to him, he must meet the following requirements: • demonstrate a high level of readiness of the system to manage subordinate headquarters, as well as subordinate forces; • ensure flexibility and continuity of leadership in any conditions, including emergencies, and prompt response to threats; • organize effective interaction between various units and branches of the forces included in the structure Navy. The effectiveness of the functioning of any governing body depends, first of all, on the available personnel. Likewise, the importance of the people who make up the staff team cannot be underestimated. The composition of the General Staff includes military personnel, as well as civil servants and employees. All of them are experienced and dedicated specialists, true professionals. It is these people who carry out the important task for the country of strengthening the combat readiness of the Russian Navy, and therefore the whole of Russia. They undergo a rigorous selection process and must repeatedly prove their high level of professionalism. The Day of the General Staff of the Navy does not include any spectacular events. In this it differs from Navy Day, celebrated in July. The event is not accompanied by a parade or other festive events. And this is not surprising, because Navy Day is the main holiday for everyone associated with the Navy, including staff members. And General Staff Day refers to more local events. However, this holiday is accompanied by congratulations from officials for all involved, and awards may be dedicated to it.

January 15 marks a very strange and unusual holiday - the Day of the Search for the Lost Echo. It is believed that on this day the echo disappears without a trace, and many go in search of it. In fact, different peoples and cultures had their own explanations for the physical effect of the reflection of sound waves. One of the most interesting versions is offered by the ancient Greeks. In their mythology, the story of Echo is a true tragedy with betrayal, unhappy love and death. After the Titanomachy in Ancient Greece, Zeus, the mighty god of thunder and sky, became the supreme god. He took his sister Hera as his wife, the goddess who patronized marriage. Alas, everything in their family life was not so smooth. Unlike his more faithful brother Aidoneus, who relatively rarely cheated on his wife, Zeus was extremely voluptuous and susceptible to female charms. Legends were made about his love affairs, and chroniclers painstakingly perpetuated each affair in a separate myth. Zeus had a lot of children. He easily fell in love with other goddesses, ordinary women and nymphs. Zeus had a lot of adultery with the latter. Jealous Hera was never able to come to terms with her husband’s infidelity. She could not influence him, so the goddess took out her anger on her rivals, chasing them, turning them into different animals and casting curses. In the distant mountains, a rocky cliff gave birth to a mountain nymph, who received the name Echo. When she grew up and became a beautiful oread, the girl fell in love with the forest spirit Pan, from whom she gave birth to a daughter, Yamba. She is also credited with giving birth to Yinx, another daughter of Pan, but ancient Greek mythology details another story of her love that led to tragedy. When Zeus once again became interested in one of the nymphs, Hera quickly found out about it. The angry wife of the supreme god rushed in search of her unfaithful husband and his passion. Zeus turned to Echo for help. He asked the oread to distract his wife while he and his new lover went into hiding. Echo fulfilled the request of the god of sky and thunder. She met Hera and distracted her with conversation, but the main goddess figured out their cunning plan and took her anger out on Echo. It took her voice away. Echo could no longer be the first to start a conversation. Hera left her only the opportunity to repeat the endings of other people's words. The cursed nymph wandered the earth until she accidentally met the most beautiful of young men named Narcissus. Once upon a time, as a child, a blind soothsayer in Thebes named Tiresias predicted a happy life for him until the young man saw his reflection. Narcissus was already sixteen. Both boys and girls fell in love with him. Narcissus's heart remained cold and unapproachable. He did not know love and rejected the feelings of everyone who ever confessed to him. Echo, captivated by the handsome face of the young man, also told him about her feelings and was refused. Everyone who ever fell in love with Narcissus died from grief and the pangs of unrequited love. Driven to despair, Echo turned to Nemesis, the goddess of retribution. The nymph asked her to punish Narcissus for the suffering of all who were tormented by his callousness. The goddess decides to reward him with the same strong love that others felt for him, but to deprive him of the right to possess the object of his desire. Nemesis arranged everything so that during the next hunt, the beautiful young man stopped near the river. When he leaned over the water to wash himself, he saw his own reflection. Narcissus could no longer take his eyes off him. He fell in love with his own appearance so much that he died by the river from thirst and hunger, not having the strength to get up and move away. In the place where Narcissus died, a flower of the same name grew. The act of retribution did not ease Echo's suffering. Desperate, she hid in one of the mountain caves, where she dried out. All that was left of the once beautiful mountain nymph was a voice that could repeat the endings of others’ phrases. Since then, he has been rushing between the rocks, recalling the sad fate of Echo, who was in love and destroyed by this feeling. There is another version put forward by the ancient Greek writer Longus in the 2nd century AD. According to his work, Echo was mortal. Her father was an ordinary person, and her mother was a nymph. The chaste girl was hiding from the encroachments of the forest spirit Pan, who in a rage drove the shepherds crazy, and they tore her to pieces. Gaia, the goddess of the earth, managed to preserve only the voice of the murdered woman. Since then, he imitates those around him at the behest of the muses, but most of all this angers Pan, who, barely hearing him, rushes off to look for the source.

Holidays in Croatia - Day of International Recognition of Croatia

Egyptian Holidays - Arbor Day in Egypt

Indian Holidays - Army Day in India

January 15 (January 2, old style) is Sylvester Day according to the folk calendar. The name of the day comes from the church date of veneration of St. Sylvester I, Pope of Rome in the 4th century. According to legend, the saint dedicated his entire life to God, converting pagans to Christianity and helping persecuted Christians. At the age of 30 he became a deacon, and then a presbyter of the Roman Church. Sylvester received the rank of Pope after the death of the previous bishop. Among the Sylvester people, the day was called the Chicken Holiday, and the owners took care of the birds. We cleaned the chicken coop, changed the straw in the nests, repaired the perches, and fumigated the chicken coop with juniper. A talisman was hung in a prominent place in the chicken coop - a dark stone with a hole in the center. If a stone was not found, they used a jug neck or a chicken skull with a hole. Such a talisman protected birds from the evil eye and diseases, and drove away kikimoras that strangled chickens. There was a legend among the people, according to which a black seven-year-old rooster laid an egg in the manure just on Sylvester's Day. It was hatched by a toad and on June 4 a Basilisk hatched from the egg. To avoid this, the peasants did not keep black roosters for long. On Sylvester's day the frost and snowstorm usually intensified. It was believed that the cold drove the twelve daughters of Herod out of hell. Invisible to the eye, they stood on the street at the front door, waiting for a weak person, and then infected him with fever. To prevent fever in the family, healers performed a protective ritual - they charmed the water, adding Thursday salt, Chernobyl earth and ashes from seven furnaces. The resulting composition was used to wipe the door jambs. In general, Silvestrov's day was spent in games and fun. The elders communicated at a feast, for which it was forbidden to prepare poultry dishes, so as not to cause trouble. The children sang carols and received gingerbread cookies in the shape of a cockerel as a gift, and the girls told fortunes. To find out the rainiest months of the year, 12 onions were peeled at night, marked with the names of the months and sprinkled with salt on top - which onions become wet in the morning, those will rain. If on Sylvester's day the roosters crowed earlier and the geese trampled in the snow, people expected warmer weather. A magpie hiding near the roof meant impending snowfall. If the chickens went to bed early, severe frosts awaited them. A month with sharp edges indicated the arrival of windy weather, and a month with soft edges indicated cold.

Martin Luther King Day in the USA

With the New Year holidays and Christmas, not only pleasant chores and joyful events come into our lives, but also sadness, loss of strength and depression. The first to draw attention to this feature was the British psychologist Cliff Arnall, who in 2005 calculated, using a mathematical formula, the saddest and most oppressive day of the year, the so-called. Blue Monday. It turned out to be the third Monday of January. The psychologist noticed that a drop in vitality and depression occur not only because the holiday euphoria is replaced by everyday work. Blue Monday marks the repayment period for loans taken by Europeans and Americans to buy gifts for loved ones for Christmas. Even though the winter solstice has already passed and the length of the day has begun to increase, people still lack the sun and its energy to accomplish things large and small. In addition, on Sad Monday, which has become a landmark date in the calendar, one comes to the realization that most of the promises a person made to himself on New Year’s Eve remained words. Someone did not quit smoking, someone did not start playing sports 3 times a week, did not complete renovations in the house, did not go to a doctor’s consultation, etc. Failure to keep vows and vows psychologically suppresses and reduces the level of motivation of people. Cliff Arnall's conclusions and observations were taken into account by the British channel Sky Travel, the brainchild of media tycoon Rupert Murdoch. Like any successful businessman, he decided to monetize the Blue Monday theory: on the eve of the saddest day of the year, travel programs began to be shown, advertising travel as a way to combat depression. According to one version, Sky Travel itself was the customer of Arnall’s developments, which were recognized by his colleagues as pseudoscientific and were repeatedly criticized. Psychologists noted that, according to statistics, Blue Monday is not the day of the year that accounts for a jump in relapses of mental illness and suicide, an increase in mortality and changes in other public health indicators. Depression from mild to severe forms occurs in 10% of people in winter due to a lack of sunlight, and therefore vitamin D, a decrease in social activity due to cold weather and short days. Sadness and loss of strength are a natural reaction to the end of the New Year and Christmas holidays. Therefore, giving the winter blues some kind of special status is wrong. Despite criticism of the idea of ​​Sad Monday, for many years, articles on how to deal with post-New Year's depression have begun to appear in the media on the eve of Blue Monday. To overcome stress, it is recommended to start doing breathing exercises and meditation, spend more time outdoors, play sports and your favorite hobbies. Laughter, chatting with friends and walking with pets will relieve sadness and melancholy and make Blue Monday a regular Monday in January.

Orthodox holidays January 15:

There are hardly many Russians among the Orthodox who have never heard of the Seraphim-Diveevsky Monastery. January 15 is the Day of St. Seraphim of Sarov, whose name is inextricably linked with the fourth earthly Destiny of the Most Holy Theotokos. According to Orthodox traditions, Iveria, Athos, Kyiv (Kievo-Pechersk Lavra), Diveevo are under the patronage of the Most Holy Theotokos. The appearance of monastic settlements here, one way or another, was connected with the image of the Mother of God: • God’s lot fell on Iberia; • Athos - a place of salvation from bad weather during the sea voyage of the Queen of Heaven; • Kievo-Pechersk Lavra - the result of the appearance of the Mother of God to Theoktis - the abbot of the Athonite monastery ;• Diveevo The Mother of God miraculously showed Agafia Semyonovna, the widow of second lieutenant Melgunov, who dedicated herself to monastic life in the Kiev monastery after the death of her husband. Agafia Semyonovna, who became Mother Alexandra after her tonsure, began construction of the Diveyevo church in the name of the Kazan Mother of God icon in 1773; it was completed in 1779. Three cells were built near the church. Initially, there were 4 novices in the Kazan community. In 1789, anticipating her death, Mother Alexandra turned to the fathers of the Sarov Monastery, Pachomius and Seraphim, with a request to take care of the novices. Pachomius faithfully fulfilled this request until the end of his days. Since 1822, the sisters of the Kazan community began to turn to Father Seraphim for spiritual advice. In 1825, in the month of November, he had a vision of the Mother of God, she reminded him of the commandment of the nun Alexandra, indicated a place in the village of Diveevo for the construction of a new monastery, naming by name the novices who had to be taken from the Kazan community. Seraphim, obeying the command of the Queen of Heaven, set about creating a second community. In 1826, a mill and cells were built, and the community was called a mill community. Subsequently, both communities were united into one; it was transformed into the Seraphim-Diveevo Monastery in 1861. In the Orthodox Church, St. Seraphim is remembered: • August 1 (July 19) - his birthday; • January 15 - the Day of St. Seraphim of Sarov, when he left this world forever (January 2). On memorable dates, holidays are celebrated in all Russian churches and monasteries services. Men named after the saint celebrate their name day. The earthly path of the ascetic of the Russian Church lasted 79 years. He was born in 1754. Parents, residents of Kursk, named their youngest son Prokhor. His father Isidor Ivanovich died early. Prokhor was raised by his mother Agafia Moshnina. She, continuing the unfinished work of her husband, was engaged in the construction of the cathedral. It happened once that Agathia took Prokhor to the construction site. The child, having stumbled, flew down from the high bell tower. It would seem that the outcome of the fall was obvious, but Prokhor remained safe and sound. Another time, falling asleep, the seriously ill Prokhor saw the Mother of God. She promised to visit the boy and completely heal him. Indeed, soon it happened: a religious procession was taking place near the house. Agathia carried her son in her arms so that he could venerate the icon of the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos. I took a kiss and quickly recovered. Prokhor constantly attended church services since childhood. The decision to devote himself to God matured in his early youth. He reached Kyiv on foot. Schemamonk Dosifei blessed Prokhor to go to the Sarov Hermitage. After an eight-year stay as a novice, Prokhor took monastic vows with the name Seraphim. The life of a monk in the Sarov monastery is filled with great deeds in the name of God and Orthodoxy. His feat of desert living in a deep forest lasted for more than 15 years; another feat of stylite life lasted for 1000 days and nights, when the elder, standing on a stone, prayed at night in the forest, and during the day in his cell. Returning to the monastery in the spring of 1810, he became a recluse. Only in November 1825, after a vision of the Mother of God, who commanded him to come out of seclusion and receive people who needed consolation, guidance, and healing from the elder, having been blessed by the abbot, Seraphim changed his way of life. Now the door of his cell was open to all those who suffered. The elder left earthly life on January 2, 1833. This date, according to the new style, January 15, the Day of St. Seraphim of Sarov, in the heart of every Christian evokes a grateful feeling for a person who, through prayerful works and severe deeds, has earned high spiritual purity, who has been awarded by God the greatest wisdom, special gifts of miracles and insight. On July 19, 1903, the holy elder was canonized.

Memorial Day of St. Sylvester of Pechersk

Memorial Day of Righteous Juliana Lazarevskaya