February 5 is the Day of Remembrance for diplomatic couriers who died in the line of duty. This day became such at the behest of human memory and grief for departed colleagues. The formation of a sad tradition was caused by the tragedy that unfolded in 1926 on an international express train. On February 5, shots were heard on a train traveling through the territory of Latvia - bandits attempted to intercept Russian diplomatic mail. Diplomatic couriers Theodor Nette and Johann Machmastal reacted with lightning speed, clearly, courageously and honestly fulfilling their official duties, they did not allow the enemies of the Russian state to seize the diplomatic cargo. Theodor Nette died at the scene of the battle, having managed to shoot both attackers before his death. The seriously wounded Johann Makhmastal continued to guard the cargo, not allowing anyone into the compartment until Riga, where he handed over the mail to a familiar employee of the USSR Embassy. The state highly appreciated the feat of the diplomatic couriers; they were awarded the Order of the Red Banner, which at that time was the highest award. T. Nette received it posthumously. Nette was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow. It so happened that every year his colleagues come to his grave to honor all the diplomatic couriers who died in the line of duty. Theodor Nette, unfortunately, is not the only diplomatic courier who died in the line of duty. Back in 1920, Kholin-Khromushin was killed, sent with mail from Moscow to Kaunas. In 1927, Konstantin Ivanov died in China; during the Patriotic War, Mikhail Koltsov, Nikolai Shmakov, and Ivan Khromov died. It is sad to list the names of diplomatic couriers who died in the line of duty; these names are not five, not ten - many more. Each one fulfilled his official duty with dignity. Over the long history of the Russian courier service, not a single document or diplomatic cargo has gone missing. In the Soviet Republic, the diplomatic courier service was created on August 27, 1918. Diplomatic couriers delivered diplomatic bags (documents, various cargo) to institutions and missions of the USSR abroad, providing reliable, confidential communication. Soviet diplomatic couriers had someone to learn from. The practice of secret messages has been used for centuries. In Rus', the first diplomatic letters were sent back during the reign of Prince Oleg in 885. The Department of Diplomatic Courier Communications, as the organization where diplomatic couriers work is called today, is actively functioning in the age of information technology, because, as practice shows, neither the Internet nor telephone communications can guarantee complete secrecy in the transmission of important information at a distance. And only diplomatic couriers, the faithful guardians of the most valuable state postal cargo, are able to deliver it safe and sound to the addressee. The course of history, and not only Russian history, sometimes depends on how well diplomatic couriers work. May good luck accompany these honest, courageous people. Let only the path be peaceful, without disasters and accidents, and the performance of official courier duties not be overshadowed by terrible losses.

Confectionery products are popular not only as an independent product, but also as an integral part of a recipe. One of these sweets was chocolate spread (spread) from the Italian company Ferrero S.P.A. – Nutella. The majority of fans of this pasta are of course young, but also the older generation not only willingly buy it, but also prepare a variety of dishes, an integral component of which is Nutella. The popularity of this product is so high that on February 5, 2007, on the initiative of the American blogger Sarah Rosso, living in Italy, World Nutella Day is celebrated. The idea of ​​this sweet tooth was instantly picked up by numerous fans of this chocolate and nut butter. To find the origins of the creation of chocolate-nut butter, you need to travel to the post-war Italian city of Alba and go to the bakery of Pietro Ferrero. It was he who came up with the idea of ​​​​creating chocolate bars with a soft consistency. He gave his invention the name “Gianduja”, who was a local carnival character and annually amused children and adults. Given the limited supply of cocoa to post-war Italy, Pietro Ferrero decided to fill the shortage with roasted and ground hazelnuts, which grew abundantly in the vicinity of the city. The local confectioner's new recipe was very popular with local children, which led to Ferrero's continued research in creating an even more delicious delicacy. The emergence of “modern” Nutella was partly an accident, and partly a successful coincidence of events. Considering the popularity of “Gianduia”, the city administration ordered the confectioner to produce a huge number of these bars for the next holiday. But when Ferrero came to his pastry shop in the morning, he saw that the bars left overnight had melted. It seemed that he was in danger of ruin, because he had invested all his family savings in the production of this batch. But Pietrro Ferrero found a way out and quickly began spreading the melted bars onto thin slices of bread cut by his wife. The people treated at the celebration happily ate sandwiches with chocolate and nut cream, and the situation was saved. After this holiday, Ferrero sold both bars and cream under the name "Gianduia", which quickly gained popularity in Piedmont and Italy in general. A witty way out of a difficult situation, invented by the confectioner, became the birth of the Ferrero S.P.A. company, known to all sweet tooths of the world. Today, the sale of chocolate-nut butter brings Ferrero S.P.A. about a third of the profit, and Nutella itself in 2007 won a place in the list of 10 simplest inventions that brought in billions in revenue. The first celebration in honor of Nutella Chocolate Hazelnut Spread was held in its homeland of Italy. The following year, the holiday crossed the borders of the country and began to be celebrated all over the world. The Ferrero company and sweet tooths organize international, state and local processions and concerts, flash mobs and celebrations, tastings and competitions of all kinds of dishes, one of the ingredients of which is Nuttella: cakes, pastries, buns, cocktails and so on. Unique competitions dedicated to World Nutella Day are celebrated even in the virtual world, in the virtual city of Nutellaville. In this “city”, fans of chocolate-nut butter read poems dedicated to it, exchange recipes and join the multi-million army of fans of the invention of the Italian confectioner Pietro Ferrero.

The main magical tool in esotericism is the power of intention. Thanks to visualization and the inner confidence that everything you dream about is possible, a person creates and changes reality. The power of intention behind desire attracts certain circumstances, events and people. In order for plans for the future to come true, you need to clearly and clearly understand what you want. Abstract things are less accessible than what you imagine down to the smallest detail. In the imagination of a person indulging in fantasies, vivid images associated with his dream arise. And the clearer and more colorful the pictures that emerge in your head, the more real and tangible they become. The founders of this fun holiday decided to use an unusual way to push all dreamers towards their goal. February 5th is the Day of Coloring Plans for the Future. For drawing, both bright and contrasting colors and discreet, muted and pastel colors are used. Plans come in many varieties: strategic and grandiose, bold and realistic, impressive and cunning. Each situation has its own colors. It is better to give the dream of having a baby in the family a soft blue, beige or pink tint. An optimistic and sunny yellow with splashes of green and red will suit the idea of ​​renovating a dacha in the summer. Secret desires that have been given a dark gray or dirty brown hue are unlikely to come true. If a person’s subconscious paints the future in such gloomy colors, then there is no need to talk about the implementation of grandiose and inspiring plans. Dreams of beauty are clothed in gold, amaranth and lilac, smoky gray and silver shades. It would be wise to color dreams of moving up the career ladder in red, the color of challenge and struggle, adding calming green and serene blue to it. Because after righteous labors and promotion, a period of inner peace and mental balance will come. Dreams about an upcoming trip to Spain should be given a shade of mahogany, mustard and café au lait, painted in orange and terracotta, and a trip to Africa - in red, black, white and yellow. Some people associate the word “dream” with rainbow and rich colors, while others associate it with calm and pastel colors. Coloring plans for the future is a creative process that helps to program reality and give it the desired vector of development. Choosing the color for your dreams is a matter of taste and personal preference. Therefore, trust your own intuition on February 5th - create a palette with the right colors and shades and decorate your plans for the future!

The term erudite means an educated person with in-depth knowledge in many areas. He is well-read, constantly develops himself, and is endowed with diverse interests and knowledge. Moreover, this has nothing to do with brilliant studies at school or university. This is simply the result of personal effort and constant self-improvement. And it is for this category of citizens that the Erudite Day holiday was created, which is celebrated annually on February 5th. The main goal of Erudite Day is to motivate society to gain knowledge, self-improvement, and also to provide support to smart people. In addition, this is also a great reason to relax with friends. After all, you can conduct quizzes and use your abilities to solve logical problems and puzzles. Or you can even go to the library or bookstore to get acquainted with new author’s works. The origin of the holiday dedicated to such comprehensively developed people is still unclear. However, one thing is certain - scholars with a wealth of knowledge were highly valued even in ancient times. But as for the Egyptians, Romans and Greeks (who talked about science, art and much more), they were recognized as the best erudite people. The vast majority of studies conducted indicate that much modern knowledge has its roots in these ancient states, developed in their time. Erudites are excellent conversationalists from whom you can ask for help, and they will be happy to share their knowledge with you. Moreover, we are not talking only about noble participation. The fact is that erudite people love to show off their comprehensive knowledge. That is why entertainment, as well as intellectual games, are so popular. Well, in general, you can celebrate Erudite Day in different ways. You can get together with friends to discuss serious topics while sharing your skills. Enormous pleasure is guaranteed to you. Or you can relax in the company of your colleagues by preparing some kind of quiz or quest in advance. You can also think about interesting puzzles and solve logic problems. As a rule, open lessons are organized for primary school students, as well as instructive seminars, where teachers talk in a playful way about the need to acquire knowledge throughout their lives. Such motivation in childhood will only increase the chances that many erudite people will appear in society. High school students take this holiday more seriously, because it is at this moment in time that each of them wants to show off their phenomenal capabilities. Various kinds of competitions are organized where you can fully reveal your erudition. Students are also not indifferent. After all, they also want to demonstrate their accumulated knowledge in all colors. They participate in various kinds of intellectual events organized by the student council. And what’s interesting is that after holding such an event, you will see whether you have enough knowledge or not, and who really showed off their abilities. So after such an event, you can begin to do additional work on yourself, if required. But what you should definitely learn is that regardless of whether you win or lose, you shouldn’t stop there. Move on, explore the world, improve yourself!

On February 5, all of Finland celebrates the day of the national poet Johan Ludwig Runeberg. On the birthday of this romantic poet, whose poems form the basis of the national anthem, Finns raise flags, light candles in the windows, bake the famous runeberg cakes, hold torchlight processions and present literary prizes. This holiday acquired national significance in 1950. Runeberg was born on February 5, 1804. He was the eldest in a large family of a fishing boat captain. Ludwig was only five years old when the last Russian-Swedish war ended and, according to the peace treaty, Finland ceded to Russia. However, the country's stay under Swedish protectorate for 6 centuries established the Swedish language as a literary and official language. The Finnish language was considered at that time the language of the common people and was little developed. Therefore, Runeberg wrote poetry in Swedish all his life, but he wrote specifically about the Finns. The poem “Old Man Paavo” tells us about fortitude and the ability to survive any adversity: Runeberg had an extraordinary thirst for knowledge. His father Lorenz Ulrich Runeberg, forced to leave university due to poverty in his youth, encouraged this passion in every possible way. Johan first studied in Oleaborg, then in Vaasa. He graduated from all classes with honors and easily entered the university in Abo. The years of teaching after graduation greatly influenced Runeberg's further work. He taught in central Finland, where he met simple Finnish peasants, whose life was very different from the life of sailors. The prudence and efficiency of the coastal Swedish-speaking population were contrasted with patriarchy, modesty and kindness. The harsh living conditions did not embitter the people living here, but, on the contrary, developed such qualities as selflessness and readiness to help. Runeberg would carry his admiration and idealization of the peasantry throughout his life. In 1827, having received his master's degree, Runeberg remained a teacher at the university and published his first book of poetry. This period of life can be described as the most favorable in Runeberg's life. In 1831, Runeberg married his cousin, Frederica. This woman not only shared her husband's interests, she was herself a successful writer and the founder of the historical novel in Finland. When remembering Frederica, one cannot help but mention the cakes that glorified her almost more than her novels. Legends say that one fine day guests came to Runeberg’s house, and then, what an embarrassment, there was nothing in the house to serve. Resourceful Frederica ground up old cookies, added sour cream, flour and raspberry jam and served them to the guests like a cake. The dish turned out to be incredibly tasty and gradually spread throughout Finland. In 1863, Runeberg and his eldest son went hunting. Suddenly he felt ill and, getting into the sleigh, he ordered to go home. He arrived there already unconscious. The creative plans of the great poet were interrupted by paralysis, which lasted thirteen years, until the poet’s death on May 6, 1877. In the last years of his life, Johan could move around the room, and his mind remained as bright as before, but he would not create a single work again. During the long years of her husband's serious illness, Frederica spent hours reading aloud to him, so that several years before Johan's death she became practically blind. After the death of her husband, she did not stay in this world for long - two years later she died and was buried next to her husband. Runeberg's most famous work, “Stories of Ensign Stål,” which tells about the war of 1809, was written in 1848-1860. The prologue from this poem became the anthem of Finland: The poem “Moose Hunters,” which describes rural life, and the epic poem “King Fyalar” became world famous. Runeberg translated a lot into Swedish, including A.S. Pushkin, V.A. Zhukovsky, F. Schiller and other famous poets. Russian monarchs highly valued the work of I. L. Runeberg: Nicholas I awarded him the title of professor, and Alexander II awarded him the Order of St. Anne of the second degree and a few years after the poet’s death, he bought Runeberg’s house in Porvoo, declared it the national property of Finland and founded the poet’s museum there .

In the Soviet Union, housing in multi-storey buildings, excluding cooperative ones, was state property. When moving to a new place of residence, a person exchanged an apartment independently or with the help of a broker. An intermediary who provided services illegally faced up to 3 years in prison with confiscation of property in accordance with Art. 154 of the USSR Criminal Code. The episode “Black Broker” of the series “The Investigation is Conducted by Experts” is dedicated to this. Fearing criminal punishment, the intermediaries worked underground, resorting to various tricks. "So, what do you have? An apartment of 40 meters. No apartments. We are talking about an aunt. An apartment is an aunt. Square footage is age. ... - Well, you see, we do not pretend, so to speak, to be big aunts. We are quite satisfied two little, so to speak, aunties. ...Are you talking about the kitchen? We're talking about an aunt!" This quote from a conversation between a broker, brilliantly played by V. Basov, and a potential client played by G. Polskikh is familiar to many from the scene from the film “For Family Circumstances.” Soviet citizens posted announcements about the exchange of apartments and the sale of houses on special stands and published them in newspapers. The multi-stage process of improving the living space took months and sometimes years. The broker's intervention accelerated the move to the dream apartment. With the collapse of the country, the advent of capitalism, privatization and the emergence of private property, professionals came out of the shadows. Changes in the social and economic system brought into life not only new realities, but also words, among which was “realtor”. The activities of brokers were legalized in Belarus and other countries of the former USSR in the late 1990s. Specialists provided intermediary services in the purchase, sale, rental or exchange of real estate. On February 5, 1998, at the initiative of BelAN, the standard STB 1098-98 “Real estate services. General requirements” was approved. The register of specialists included in the qualification list of professions is managed by the Ministry of Justice. In honor of the recognition of brokers at the state level, every year on February 5, Realtor Day is celebrated in Belarus. Since 2000, specialists began to provide services after the issuance of licenses. The initiator of the establishment of Realtor Day was the Belarusian Real Estate Association, founded in 1994. The company unites many specialists working in the field of buying and selling private property. Professionals provide high-level services in compliance with established standards and ethical norms. From January 1, 2023, private and public real estate organizations receive a license to operate from the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus. This helps to increase the level of professionalism of all real estate market specialists and create a system for assessing the quality of their work. On February 5, Belarusian realtors are congratulated on the holiday by their colleagues and relatives. There are cheerful toasts in their honor: “We wish you successful and profitable transactions, Paper routine without alterations, Reputable clients, high interest rates, More pleasant moments in work.” Their colleagues from the Russian Federation receive similar congratulations twice a year - on February 8 and on the third Saturday of December on Realtor Day in Russia.

Saint Agatha, virgin and martyr, is a particularly revered saint in Christianity, whose worship began in ancient times. The feast of St. Agatha is celebrated on February 5 and is considered one of the most beautiful holidays in the world, combining religiosity, folklore and old traditions. Agatha was born in Catania, Sicily, during a time of persecution, when a merciless system brutally dealt with the first Christians. Her family was of a rich and noble family, but the girl was raised in true piety. From an early age she felt in her heart the desire to belong to Christ. When she was 15 years old, she decided to devote her life to him. But fate prepared difficult trials for Agatha. The proconsul of Catania, Quintian, was inflamed with uncontrollable passion for her and, captivated by her beauty, sent matchmakers, but received a firm refusal. Angry and hurt, he ordered Agatha to be arrested and subjected to terrible torture, trying to force her to renounce Christ. But instead of breaking the girl’s resistance, her torment seemed to give her new strength. Quintian, at the peak of his rage, ordered her breasts to be cut off with huge forceps, but at night the Apostle Peter and an angel appeared to Agatha and healed the terrible wounds. And then, on February 5, 251, Agatha was burned alive on hot coals, without forcing her to renounce her faith. A year after these events, a powerful eruption of Mount Etna began, and a stream of deadly lava rushed into the city. Imminent death threatened the inhabitants of Catania, but the lava bypassed the city. The townspeople believed that this miracle happened thanks to the prayers of the holy virgin. After this, many pagans turned to Christ. People came to Agatha's grave to pray and ask for protection. Since then, Agatha has been considered a protector against natural disasters. She is also a carer for breast sufferers, midwives, wet nurses, bakers, foundry workers, nurses, firefighters and victims of violence. Saint Agatha is the patroness of Sicily and Italy, the cities of Palermo and Catania, where her relics and precious relics are kept, where believers and tourists come every year on February 5 to honor the saint and participate in solemn rituals. On the day of the martyr’s death, her relics in a golden reliquary are carried through the streets on a special cart. Huge candles and colorful lights fill the city. The symbols of the holiday are white and red carnations, signifying purity and innocently shed blood. Orthodox Christians also honor the blessed memory of Saint Agatha (Agatha). Priests conduct memorial liturgies in churches. On this day, it is customary to bless bread, water, salt and throw them into the fire in order to protect their homes from fires and lightning, and to feed domestic animals with consecrated bread to protect them from diseases. On this day, they ask for the intercession of Saint Agafya and pray to protect families from danger.

According to the folk calendar, February 5 (January 23, old style) is celebrated as the day of Agathias the Half-Bread Man. It is named after the church date of honoring the martyr Agafangel the Roman, Bishop of Ankirk, who died for his faith in Christ in the 3rd century. From childhood, Agafangel was raised by his Christian mother. After her death, the boy was taken in by another woman, thanks to whom Agafangel learned the Word of God. Bishop Clement became his mentor. Agafangel began serving the Lord in the rank of deacon, by the age of 18 he became a presbyter, and he was awarded a bishop in Ancyra on his twentieth birthday. When the emperor persecuted Christians, the young man was tortured and then executed by sword. People checked the remains of grain and flour in the barns for Agathia the Half-Grainer. Usually there were a lot of them left until the summer harvest. If there were fewer supplies left, the owners began to save. They also monitored the condition of the barns and drains: they sealed holes that appeared in the walls, and stirred up the grain so that it would not stagnate. Particular attention was paid to Agathia the Half-Bread Farmer to take care of the house. Women washed floors, walls, ceilings and furniture, and men repaired houses, barns and stables. But on this day the healers read a plot to the wind for love spells. There was a tradition of caring for the poor and disadvantaged. The peasants believed that holy spirits and angels, reincarnated as wandering vagabonds, traveled to Agathia the Half-Grain Farmer. To become closer to the Lord, they were fed, treated to bread and salt, and a place to spend the night was arranged. It was considered a sin to refuse those asking. If snow-covered fields were observed on Agathia, a good grain harvest was expected in the summer. Singing tits in the morning meant the onset of severe cold, and squirrels emerging from the hollow and running on the ground foreshadowed warming. Frost and sunny weather promised early spring and sultry August.

Mexico is the land of fiesta. Many festive ceremonies, both state and local, are held here every year. Interestingly, most holidays are celebrated cheerfully, even those that seem to be worth honoring with silence and thoughtfulness. The first big holiday after New Year's is Mexican Constitution Day. In total, three constitutions were changed in the country. The first was signed in 1824, the second in 1957, but the last one was signed on February 5, 1917. With numerous additions, it is still in effect today. The latter constitution is closely related to the events of the Mexican Revolution. The document legitimized Carranza's reforms; a clause on independence, compulsory free education and power to the states was introduced. Many Latin American countries have adopted the Mexican constitution as the basis for their constitutions. But let's get back to the holiday. Since in Mexico there are not so many official holidays on the calendar, every Mexican is sensitive to the celebration. Traditionally, it is celebrated on the first Monday of February. This day is a public holiday and the residents of the country are free from work, but they love to have fun, especially when there is a reason for it. Mass celebrations continue all day. Traditionally, the president of the country delivers a ceremonial speech, recalling the events that led to the signing of the Constitution of the United Mexican States. After the official part, the residents of the country begin their favorite activity - the fiesta. Depending on the region, the celebration may differ slightly, since Mexico is a huge country with a rich cultural heritage. Mostly residents gather with a wide circle of relatives and friends. This day is not complete without traditional tequila, songs and dances. Big cities often hold carnivals and other public celebrations. And on February 24, Mexicans celebrate another important holiday - Flag Day.

Orthodox holidays on February 5:

Day of all saints who have shone in the land of Kostroma (Cathedral of Kostroma Saints)

Memorial Day of the Hieromartyr Clement, Bishop and Martyr Agafangel