In Russia, Informatics Day is celebrated annually on December 4th. This holiday is directly related to the registration in 1948 by the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of the first electronic computer under number 10475. The authors of the computer project were Soviet scientists: corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Isaac Semyonovich Brook and scientist-inventor Bashir Iskandarovich Rameev. From this moment on, the rapid development of computer technology begins in our country. As a result of the joint activities of scientists in the Soviet Union, a series of famous Ural computers was released. The very concept of computer science and its formation as an advanced science occurred in the middle of the 20th century. And this was due to the existence of automatic computer technology, which at that time was very cumbersome and intended for complex mathematical calculations. Gradually, the computer became suitable for working with absolutely any information and changed purely in appearance: it became portable and lightweight. Computer science as a science is still in its formation and further development, and this is directly related to the use of computers. The emergence of the World Wide Web, without which modern man cannot imagine his existence, has incredibly accelerated the exchange of various information. And today's society has become completely informational. All schoolchildren, students of universities and secondary specialized educational institutions are very familiar with the subject of “computer science”. And there is hardly a person who has not heard something about a computer. After all, a PC has remained a necessary item in the lives of each of us for decades. Modern computers make it possible not only to communicate and exchange information, but also help us study and work, give us moments of relaxation and entertainment, and Skype meetings with friends and loved ones. It is also worth noting that the advent of computers and the Internet had a positive impact on increasing labor productivity, the rapid development and implementation of scientific technologies in all areas of activity, and improving the quality of life of the population. Informatics Day is not an official holiday, but it is celebrated with pleasure not only by programmers and teachers, but also by everyone who directly owns a computer and communicates on the Global Network.

New Year's celebrations are associated with magic and miracles. Therefore, from December to January, hundreds of thousands of letters with requests and wishes come to Veliky Ustyug, the residence of Father Frost. They can be sent to the main wizard of the country by mail or online. The letters are personally delivered to Father Frost, who comes to his Moscow estate in Kuzminki during the winter months. You can also communicate with the sorcerer using modern means of communication by calling a toll-free phone number. However, children, young and old, traditionally still prefer mail. Therefore, December 4th is a funny holiday - the Day of ordering gifts and writing letters to Santa Claus. The celebration, which occurs at the beginning of the first month of winter, demonstrates the faith of people of all ages in miracles and magic. What do Russian residents most often ask from Grandfather Snow Maiden? The cherished wishes of children are to receive a smartphone or tablet, a bicycle, a construction set, a toy car and cosmetics for girls as a gift. Less common are requests to meet a famous artist or buy a ticket to a football match. Adults write to Santa Claus in the hope of receiving a million dollars, an apartment or a good job. A fairy-tale hero is often asked to help meet a soul mate or create a miracle in the form of a child appearing in a family. The most altruistic adults wish world peace, happiness and prosperity to the people of the Earth. On the eve of the New Year and Christmas, not only Father Frost receives letters, but also his colleagues - the American Santa Claus, the Ukrainian Saint Nicholas, the Finnish Joulupukki, the Tatar Kysh-Babay, the French Pierre Noel, the German Weinachtsman and other fairy-tale characters. Assistants help sorcerers sort out their mail. At the request of wizards, they send postcards, souvenirs and gifts to children and adults. At the end of the letter and on the envelope, Santa Claus's assistants recommend indicating your exact address and zip code so that the answer is delivered with certainty. What can you write to a sorcerer about, other than a request to fulfill your cherished dream? Santa Claus will be interested to know about who is contacting him, what events have happened in your life this year. The letter will leave the wizard with a pleasant impression of the author if he inquires about the health of the fairy-tale character, and at the end wishes him a snowy winter, intricate miracles, fast horses and, of course, success in fulfilling his wishes. The day for ordering gifts and writing letters to Santa Claus falls on December 4th. However, residents of Russia have a reason to contact the fairy-tale wizard not only on the eve of the New Year and Christmas. On November 18, since 2005, Veliky Ustyug celebrates the birthday of Father Frost, whose age is almost impossible to determine: according to various estimates, the wizard is from 80 to 500 years old. Therefore, you can turn to the fairy-tale hero without waiting for the New Year holidays. There is a high probability that Santa Claus, who has not yet been inundated with requests from children and adults from all over the country, will be among the first to read the letter and will fulfill your cherished wish.

On December 4, the international holiday Banking Day is celebrated annually, which was created in recognition of the significant contribution of a large number of banking organizations to the sustainable development program. In addition, this day expresses gratitude to the banks of member states for their contribution to improving the quality and living conditions of people. This holiday was established by a UN resolution that was adopted in December 2019. The Sustainable Development Program was approved back in 2015 and is designed to achieve certain important goals by the end of 2030. This project is designed for the long term and takes into account the interests of people when implementing established development programs. One of the most important tasks, according to the program, is the fight against poverty, aimed at its complete elimination in all its manifestations. This problem is the most important among the tasks and conditions aimed at implementing the provisions of the social, economic and environmental development program. In order to achieve the goals set by the program to eliminate poverty, reduce inequalities of various types, as well as prevent drastic climate change, an integrated approach and planning of activities designed for the long term are required. At the same time, the contribution of all levels, including government bodies, organizations, the banking sector, society and citizens directly, plays a very important role. However, the big problem in this situation is the need to solve current problems and the lack of opportunity and funds to invest in long-term obligations due to instability and impermanence in the development of economic relations. Therefore, banking organizations play a big role in solving emerging problems of this kind, providing the necessary funds both for solving short-term problems and for implementing larger-scale processes aimed at the development of the entire state. The current rates of growth and development of the world economic system are currently at a fairly high level, which does not exclude their further decline and the emergence of possible problems with increasing levels of inequality and exacerbation of poverty problems. Therefore, the adopted regulatory documents call on banking structures to calculate in advance possible negative consequences and take appropriate measures that will help to react most quickly when specific problems arise. The crucial role of banks in carrying out activities aimed at achieving the goals of the development program became the reason for the proclamation of such a holiday as International Banking Day. This allows us to express our recognition of their activities and invaluable contribution to the development of the global economic system and improving the quality of life of people.

December 4 is International Cheetah Day, and this is another reason to remember how many beautiful animals nature has created in the process of evolution and how important it is for humans to protect them from extinction. Each species is truly unique and unrepeatable, and to be fair, every living thing on the planet deserves to have its own Day. However, in the case of cheetahs, the situation is complicated by the fact that this is a vulnerable species, and the total number of individuals on the planet reaches only 7,000. This is not much and allows scientists to state that this species may well move from the category of vulnerable to endangered in the near future. Yes, as in many other cases, the culprit is human activity. Of course, the innate habits of the cheetahs themselves also play a role. There are some representatives of the fauna that get along too poorly with humans. Thus, being located in close proximity to agricultural land has a negative impact on cheetahs. And even if such a neighborhood does not pose a direct danger, animals prefer to go into wild places. In addition, cheetahs are loners in life. They do not live in packs like lions, which means they are vulnerable. It was this and other circumstances that prompted ecologists, zoologists, and representatives of international organizations to establish a special Day, which was created in order to popularize science and attract public attention to the problem of interaction between humans and wildlife. Cheetahs are amazing, because in a few seconds they are able to accelerate to a fantastic speed, comparable to the speed of a car. It is believed that they are quite capable of accelerating to 110 km/h, while they do not lose control over what is happening and easily maneuver, turn around, and avoid obstacles. And the special body structure and long tail help in this, allowing them to maintain balance during the race. If you look at slow-motion footage of a cheetah rushing in pursuit of an antelope, no less adapted to life in the savannah, you can see that the predator’s paws barely touch the ground, and its tail moves from side to side, allowing it to balance, changing directions in the race for prey. Moreover, these predators have captivated people with their superior grace, dexterity and ingenuity. If necessary, they easily climb to the tops of trees in order to peer into the distance with amazing patience, looking for prey and assessing the distance to it with a trained eye. Even if the silhouette of an antelope appears on the horizon in the very depths of the savannah, such an impressive distance will not stop the cheetah. He instantly descends from the tree and quickly covers an impressive distance to get closer to the prey grazing over the horizon. Unfortunately, the grace, beauty, and also the too independent nature of predators played a cruel joke on them. It is on December 4 that it is customary to raise not very pleasant questions regarding human interaction with the environment. It is known that poaching of cheetahs is rampant, and some rich people deliberately come to Africa to hunt this noble beast. In other cases, poachers deliver newborn puppies to wealthy customers as exotic pets, although cheetahs do not adapt well to living conditions in captivity. They are too freedom-loving to enter into an alliance with a person. On December 4, environmental organizations hold events designed to draw public attention to the need to control deforestation so as not to disturb the fragile natural balance. This day is becoming increasingly popular, partly due to the fact that celebrities, including Hollywood stars, are actively drawing attention to the problem of the disappearance of cheetahs.

Physical contact and hugs are important for creating psychological comfort in a person, relieving stress, improving hormonal balance and even rejuvenating the body. People who are regularly hugged by loved ones are less likely to suffer from depression and insomnia, and have high self-esteem and an optimistic attitude. December 4th is the International Day of Hugs - touches that are most often found in everyday life. International Hug Day is dedicated to the tactile interactions that people use as greetings, comfort, love and friendship. Psychologists note that in addition to the significance of the very fact of touch, the value of a hug is determined by its duration. Volunteers participating in scientific experiments noted that they experienced more pleasure if they were held close by other people for at least 5-10 seconds. The majority of respondents did not like “quick” hugs. The baby experiences a feeling of security and peace when he is picked up and cuddled by his mother. The therapeutic effect of hugs is also observed in autistic children of all ages. Children with nervous system disorders begin to behave calmer and more confident after tactile contacts. In infants, physical closeness forms psychological and emotional attachment to mother and father and affects cognitive and physical development. Hugs are important for people of all ages, but not all cultures practice them. Russia, like Italy, Greece or Spain, is considered a country of hospitality. Their residents consider it natural to touch people around them every day as a sign of approval, greeting or expressing other emotions. The culture of hugging is not close to the citizens of Korea, China and Japan. That is, residents of these countries cannot expect therapeutic benefits from interacting with another person in situations where touch could improve their physical and emotional well-being. The lack of tactile sensations leads to a feeling of loneliness and insecurity, and in the worst case, to mental personality disorders. Skin-to-skin contact stimulates nerve endings that send calming signals to the brain, which slows down the production of the stress hormone cortisol. Touch also helps build trust between people, improves mood and lowers blood pressure. This in turn reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. International Hug Day seems like a funny holiday only at first glance. In fact, the touch of other people is very important for well-being. 8 hugs a day increase the amount of endorphins, which means they reduce the level of fear and anxiety, making a person happy and satisfied with life.

With the arrival of cold weather, feeders appear on the trees of forests, squares and parks. They contain treats for pigeons, sparrows, crows and bullfinches, as well as for squirrels. Feeding wild birds is a sacred action that is given great importance in Vedic astrology. Hindus consider treating birds to be one of the types of charity that attracts wealth to the home. In the Slavic tradition, feeding birds was associated with the worship of the sun and the veneration of ancestors who passed into the world of Navi. In Christianity, treating doves, which symbolize the holy spirit, is equated with praying for dead people. It is believed that when birds peck grain or bread, they bow to God for the deceased. Feeding birds is not only a religious ritual, but also a useful activity that parents teach their children to do, instilling a love for all living things. That's why parks and nature reserves sell treats for squirrels, ducks, swans and other birds. Food is left in birdhouses or feeders for forest dwellers. December 4 is Bird and Squirrel Treat Day. Birds bring great benefits to gardeners and gardeners by destroying pests. Therefore, these winged helpers should be supported in the cold season, when it is much more difficult to obtain food than in spring and summer. Birds should be fed regularly, and not only during religious holidays or ceremonies. Tits, sparrows and pigeons eat seeds, grain and bread crumbs; nuthatches, jays and woodpeckers love lard, butter and margarine. Food can be left in tree feeders, on porches, or in nets hung outside the window. It has long been believed that damage to a hut, around which fed birds constantly fly, is much more difficult to do than to a house not favored by birds. If five people lived in it, the malicious program sent by a black magician or witch recognized fifty inhabitants. Thanks to the birds, the aim was dissipated, the energy attack was misaligned, and its negative impact weakened. The squirrel and its claws were often depicted on talismans, because... It was believed that such amulets bring prosperity to the owner. The ancient Slavs called the red-haired beauty with a fluffy tail Veksha, Urma and Mys. In “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” there are the lines: “Boyan is a prophetic, if anyone wants to create a song, then the thought spreads across the tree, like a gray wolf across the earth, like a crazy eagle under the clouds.” In Russian, the phrase “spread with a thought along the tree” has become a phraseological unit , which is not a correct interpretation of the text of this work. By “mysia” was meant not a thought or a mouse, but a squirrel. The Slavs dedicated the first spring hunt for rodents to the god Perun. Like other rodents, furry beauties easily chew acorns and nuts with their strong teeth. Our ancestors associated the crack that is heard from splitting cannonballs with thunder and lightning. Therefore, the squirrel was considered the beast of Perun. In honor of the holiday on December 4, photo exhibitions dedicated to birds and excursions along the routes of natural parks and reserves are held. It is advisable not to stop feeding the birds until the weather warms up. Frost is much easier to bear on a full stomach. Treating birds and squirrels throughout the winter months is a manifestation of care and kindness for our little brothers, a guarantee that many of them will survive until spring.

One of the most popular wardrobe items, according to legend, appeared in the 6th century. BC. in Greece. According to another version, at the same time, socks made of wool with a separation between the thumb and index toe were worn by the inhabitants of Ancient Egypt. The word "soccus" for an accessory came to English from Latin, where it was used to refer to shoes worn by actors performing on stage in a theater. At first, socks made of soft leather were part of the home clothes of Greek women. Women put them on before going to bed. Over time, the accessory became a must-have wardrobe item for men as well. In the 15th century Leather products were replaced by high thick stockings made of fabric. Before the invention of the hosiery knitting machine in 1589, socks were made by hand. Industrial production has made the accessory available to a large number of people. The length of the socks was gradually reduced to the size of a garment that covered the heels and toes. A holiday was established in his honor - Sock Day, which is celebrated on December 4th. This happened in 2016 thanks to the American company Pair of Thieves, which produces underwear and clothing. The company was the result of a startup launched by three friends who were dissatisfied with the range of socks available in stores, their quality and design. In 2014, the first collection of lingerie from enterprising young people was presented at Target retail outlets and instantly sold out, which was not nonsense. The team of enthusiasts from Pair of Thieves has managed to create a first-class product - socks that are ideal for both sports and everyday wear. 2 years after entering the market, the company initiated the establishment of a holiday - National Socks Day. December 4 as the date was not chosen by chance, but in order to “warm the toes in commemoration of two historical events.” On this day in 1954, the Broadway musical Tiptoe, about the life story of Emilio and Gloria Estefan, was revived. On December 4, 1991, The Judds, a mother-daughter country music duo, made their final appearance on stage in Murphysboro, Tennessee. In honor of the holiday, Pair of Thieves holds various promotions and events, donating proceeds from the sale of underwear to charity. The company encourages customers to participate in Sock Day by sending a free pair for every post made on December 4 with the hashtag #nationalsockday. The holiday has long changed its national status to international. Today it is celebrated by millions of people in different countries of the world. An unusual celebration is an excellent occasion to pamper yourself with new beautiful socks: knit them yourself or buy an accessory in the store, without which it is impossible to imagine the life of a modern person.

The Elder Edda, Beowulf and the Younger Edda are the oldest literary monuments of German-Scandinavian mythology. In Central and Asia Minor the epic tales “About Korugly Sultan”, “Idegei” and “Manas” are widely known. These folklore works, in the absence of writing, became the most important tools for transmitting folk experience from generation to generation. The subjects of literary monuments (the invasion of the Mongols, the collapse of the Golden Horde and other pages of history) are common to the Turkic-speaking ethnic groups of Russia and Central Asia. In Kyrgyz culture, a special place is given to the heroic epic "Manas" - a symbol of the national unity of the people. In 2013, the work was included in the List of Cultural Intangible Heritage of Humanity, which is compiled by UNESCO. The Manas trilogy, containing 937,000 poetic lines, is included in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest epic in the world, twice as long as the Indian Mahabharata. In honor of the folklore that has survived to this day thanks to oral storytellers, manachi, a holiday was established in Kyrgyzstan. Every year on December 4th the Day of the Epic "Manas" is celebrated. UNESCO included in the List a literary monument of the manachi version of Sagymbay Orozbakov, recorded by researchers of oral folk art in the 1920s. No less famous is the version of “Manas” from the poet-storyteller Sayakbay Karalaev, who retold the entire trilogy about the life of the Kyrgyz in the 15th-18th centuries. with references to more ancient periods of history. Of no less interest to researchers are the versions of the epic from the akyns Ibraim Abdyrakhmanov, Togolok Moldo, Mambet Chokmorov and other manachi. At the center of the story is the plot of the struggle of the Kirghiz with their enemies, the Karakitai and Kalmaks, and the unification of the tribes into one nation by the hero Manas. The epic is an encyclopedia of the life of the people and the formation of their national identity over a long period of time. The trilogy consists of poetic narratives about the heroic deeds of Manas, his son Semetey and grandson Seitek. The epic reflected the morals of the Kyrgyz people and their customs, religious beliefs, knowledge in the field of medicine and other areas of life. The epic is very popular and revered not only by representatives of Turkic-speaking peoples. In 1995, at the initiative of the UN, the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of Manas took place at the world level. The main ceremonial events took place in the city of Talas, where the kumbez, the mausoleum, of the main character of folklore is located. For the anniversary, postage stamps were issued and the state order "Manas-1000" was established. The epic, which literary scholars call the steppe “Iliad,” is a highly artistic work, a poetic reflection of the life and spiritual aspirations of the Kyrgyz people. Chingiz Aitmatov spoke of “Manas” as a masterpiece, perfect from a literary point of view, published in dozens of languages ​​of the world. The epic was completely translated into Russian in 1941. The great Kyrgyz writer noted that his people did not participate in ancient times in the construction of the great pyramids and other significant architectural monuments. But he created Manas, which has stood the test of time and has existed for many centuries.

Holidays of Zoroastrianism - Gahanbar dedicated to Atar

Indian Navy Day

Saint Barbara is one of the revered saints of the Roman Catholic Church, one of the 14 holy helpers in earthly affairs. December 4 is a memorial date for the great martyr, whose earthly life took place at the turn of the 3rd-4th centuries. Young Varvara lived in Phenicia and was the daughter of a noble pagan aristocrat. The girl was distinguished by rare beauty, so the father, fearing for the fate of his daughter, chose to keep her locked in a high tower. Being under house arrest during long hours of solitude, Varvara occupied herself with contemplating the world around her and in her thoughts independently came to the idea of ​​a single God. Years passed, and the time came for the beauty to get married; her father was forced to take the girl out into the world to meet the families of potential suitors. In one of the houses of Iliopolis, Varvara met Christians, whose speeches awakened the flame of faith in the soul of the pagan daughter. Having learned about Varvara's secret baptism, her father became angry and took her to the ruler of the city for trial. After being persuaded to renounce Christianity, the girl was subjected to sophisticated torture. But even these monstrous methods could not make Varvara an apostate. The ruler of Iliopolis invited the cruel parent of the great martyr to punish his daughter himself. The distraught father beheaded the girl with a sharp sword. The saint immediately ascended to heaven to the Heavenly Father, and the executioner, along with the head of the city, were struck by lightning. Already in the 4th century, the relics of the saint were transferred to Constantinople, and several centuries later they came to the Russian lands. The relic was so revered that during the Tatar-Mongol invasion it was hidden for a long time from the destroyers and kept intact. Today the relics rest in the St. Vladimir Cathedral in Kyiv, but many pieces of the relic are kept in churches in Europe and even North America. The Great Martyr is the patron of crafts and artisans; one should turn to her for help in everyday work. Varvara is recognized as the protector of those who died from sudden or violent death, that is, all those who died without repentance. According to popular belief, praying to Varvara protects against thunderstorms and lightning. Interesting traditions associated with the great martyr spread among the Western Slavs. Girls tell fortunes using branches of fruit trees or bushes. Thin branches, called barbarki or barborki, are broken off, brought into the house and placed in water, and at Christmas they see how the plant behaves. A twig with blossoming flowers prophesied a quick wedding, and the green foliage that sprouted promised the fulfillment of one’s most cherished desires. In the Czech Republic, barborkas were three girls in snow-white clothes who could be seen on December 4 on the winter streets. They presented good children with delicacies, and frightened naughty children with canings. Thus, St. Barbara's Day began a series of merry winter holidays leading to Catholic Christmas.

December 4 (November 21, old style) in the folk calendar celebrates the Introduction. This event is closely intertwined with the Orthodox holiday of the Entry of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the temple, which belongs to the twelfth holidays of the church calendar. According to God's scripture, the parents of the Blessed Mary, righteous Anna and Joachim, could not conceive a child. While praying, Anna promised that if pregnancy happened, she would give the child to the temple to serve God. When the born girl reached 3 years old, she was taken to the temple. Little Mary was greeted with great respect by the clergy of God's house. She was taken by the high priest to the Holy of Holies, where only he was allowed to enter and only once a year. Her life in the temple is shrouded in mystery, but while growing up, the Most Holy Mary studied the Holy Scriptures, did handicrafts and prayed a lot, filled with love for the Lord. She left God's house already betrothed to the widower Joseph. The people perceived the feast of the Entry not only as the entry of the Virgin Mary into the temple, but also as the beginning of real winter. It was believed that on this day it finally came into its own, so the Introduction was symbolically called the gate of winter. The peasants had fun games and sledding. There was also a tradition of holding trades called the Vvedenskaya Fair. Since the roads were already completely covered with snow, the first thing to be sold at the auction was the sleigh. People believed that a frosty day on Vvedenye was a harbinger of a cold, snowy winter, while a warm one was the opposite. Also, a frosty day promised a hot summer and cold upcoming holidays. If you can hear the clear ringing of the bell tower from a distance, then there is severe frost, and a dull ringing means a blizzard. It is interesting that, by looking at the horse, they determined the future snow; if the animal was stubborn, a blizzard would descend. In addition, the signs informed about the next year's harvest. If snow covered the ground and did not melt afterwards, then the next year gave a good harvest, but if it was warm and there was no snow at Vvedenye, then a crop failure was expected. A person born on December 4th should have worn a diamond as an amulet.

Orthodox holidays on December 4:

The Orthodox holiday of the Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the temple is celebrated by the holy church on December 4 according to the new style. The basis for the celebration is the church tradition about the infant years of the Virgin Mary. The parents of the future Mother of God were righteous people, but had no children. Constantly praying for parental happiness to be granted to them, Joachim and Anna made a promise that they would dedicate their born child, regardless of gender, to Divine service. The righteous couple did not forget about their vow, and as soon as Mary was three years old, her parents took her to the Jerusalem Temple. It was a solemn procession with chants and lit candles, accompanied by relatives. The smartly dressed Lady of God was led to the high steps of the temple. To the surprise of the high priest and priests, Mary easily overcame the steep climb of 15 steps, despite her young age. The High Priest Zechariah received a revelation about the girl's destiny. Inspired by the discovery, Zechariah leads the infant Virgin through the temple and introduces her into the cathedral's sanctum sanctorum - a place where the high priest himself appeared only once a year. After everything that happened, Joachim and Anna leave their daughter to grow up at the temple under the guidance of the holy fathers. Here Mary was raised until the age of 12 or 15 along with pious virgins. Their daily activities were prayers and diligent handicrafts. With the help of the clergy, by the time she came of age, the Mother of God was ready to become a temple for the Son of God, whom she was soon to conceive and give birth to the world. The Feast of the Entry into the Temple has a long history; a description of the event appears in the apocrypha of the second century, and was then repeatedly retold by church scholars and theologians. Mention of the holiday in church calendars dates back to the 7th century. The highlighting of the Entry into the Temple on a special holiday with a constant, unchangeable date speaks of the importance of this episode from the life of the Mother of God. The outline of the event is the destiny of each person to become a receptacle for God. An example is the path of young Mary, raised by priests. Only by participating in church services, by regularly visiting the cathedral, and by observing Orthodox norms can a person become a temple of God. Only a righteous vessel is worthy of such contents. Hence the church’s caring attitude towards the human body, which should not be desecrated by a harmful lifestyle, inscriptions, drawings and other trends of modern life. The great holiday is an occasion to realize one’s purpose and the true path, which lies through prayer, service and joining the Orthodox Church.