Many events that took place on Earth several generations before ours can be studied using the amazing science of archaeology. Archeology is a science that studies the life, way of life, culture and history of peoples using preserved objects: monuments, utensils, things. This is done by true romantics, patient and painstaking people - archaeologists. According to legend, one day a group conducting excavations approached their mentor with a request to celebrate the birthday of the Macedonian horse, Bucephalus. This happened, as is commonly believed, in Novgorod, in the middle of the 20th century. Since then, the horse's birthday has been transformed into an unofficial holiday - Archaeologist's Day. According to other sources, on August 15 they celebrated the birthday of the famous archaeologist Tatyana Passek. Her group worked on research into Trypillian culture; this research provided a lot of interesting information about the life of settlers in the territory where our state later appeared. These expeditions were carried out in the 40-50s of the last century. There is another version of the origin of this holiday. Thus, on a working trip under the guidance of a strict leader, young archaeologists were not allowed to lead a free lifestyle and have fun, they were not even allowed to celebrate birthdays during expeditions. However, the ardent Slavic hearts came up with a reason that even the respected chief archaeologist of the expedition himself could not prohibit. They began to cheerfully celebrate Archaeologist's Day and even send postcards to their family and loved ones with this wording. One way or another, the tradition of celebrating your professional holiday in mid-August has become firmly established for people of this fascinating lifestyle. And for several decades now, every year on August 15, archaeologists, when on expeditions, certainly celebrate their professional holiday. On this day, it is customary to initiate newcomers into their traditions, and then young boys and girls become “real archaeologists.” On August 15, every lover of his craft certainly sings songs around the fire and tells wonderful stories and legends to newcomers. On August 15, Archaeologist's Day is celebrated in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. In Ukraine, this day has been considered official since 2008, by presidential decree.

On August 15, the Day of the Republic of Tuva is celebrated. This holiday is enshrined in the law of the republic, dated February 12, 1999. In Tuva, this day is a day off according to the calendar and is full of bright festive and special events. Interestingly, the republic has two names. Tyva is the name of the ethnic group of the inhabitants of this area (Tuvians). That is, local residents themselves call the Republic of Tyva. Tuva is the name that is accepted in the Russian language. The republic is located right in the middle of Asia, here stands the “Center of Asia” stela, at the top of the Yenisei, in the south of Eastern Siberia. This territory borders the Republic of Buryatia, Mongolia, the Republic of Khakassia and the Irkutsk region, Altai and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The administrative center of Tyva is the city of Kyzyl. This is a very ancient territory, favored by people. After all, the appearance of the first settlements here dates back more than twenty thousand years ago. Turks and Scythians, Huns, Kyrgyz, Uighurs and other tribes lived here. The indigenous inhabitants - the people of Tuva themselves - also have a fairly long history. They appeared in the first millennium BC. Tuva became part of Russia in 1914. Then it was called the Uriankhai region. The People's Republic of Tannu-Tuva became in 1921, since 1926 - the Tuvan People's Republic. In October 1944, on the 11th, the Republic became part of the USSR as an autonomous region. Already at that time, the Republic had its own state attributes - a flag, coat of arms, its own constitution, budget and gold reserves. At the end of August 1991, on the 28th, the Tuva Autonomous Region was renamed the Republic of Tyva. The dwellings of nomads (yurts) are still preserved here. Such a rich region, of course, has many attractions. There are both architectural monuments and nature reserves here. The local traditions and rituals are interesting. After all, the people of Tuva are a society quite rich in their own cultural traditions. This region is famous for its tourist places of recreation and recovery: there are many springs here, where many tourists from all over Russia and neighboring countries come for treatment. The cuisine of this people is interesting - after all, in addition to the generally accepted meat and milk, traditionally local residents also eat camel meat, venison, and yak meat. They eat horse meat and lamb here. On August 15, residents of Tuva remember their history, and festive events are held in the cities.

Poet and composer Viktor Tsoi died in Latvia on August 15, 1990. The leader of the Kino group passed away at the age of 28. The cause of death was an accident on the Sloka-Talsi highway - the musician’s Moskvich, traveling at a speed of 130 km/h, crashed into an oncoming Ikarus bus. The singer died from his injuries. Fans of Viktor Tsoi's talent, who decades later cannot come to terms with the passing of their idol, annually celebrate Victor Tsoi Memorial Day on August 15.

This holiday concerns both aircraft and helicopter designers, as well as engineers, assembly workers and other workers at factories that produce aircraft. The quality of engines, radio navigation instruments, runways, and other equipment depends on the professionalism of aircraft manufacturers.

The end of summer is the time of harvesting, making jam and pickling vegetables. On August 15, a funny holiday is celebrated - Sweet Cucumber Day. Various celebrations are held throughout the 3 summer months in honor of this popularly beloved cucurbit family crop. The regional festival "Lukhovitsky Cucumber", which attracts a lot of tourists and farmers, is celebrated annually in the Moscow region in mid-June. In Suzdal, every second or third Saturday of July, a unique and vibrant Cucumber Day takes place. All these holidays are held in the traditions of the Russian fair and are aimed at developing gastronomic tourism. The Sweet Cucumber Festival is widely celebrated in areas where agriculture and gardening have been the occupation of the indigenous population since ancient times. A rich harvest of cucumbers was collected in the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality and in other territories of Rus'. The fruit came to us from East Asia, quickly took root and acquired the status of a national vegetable. By the 16th-17th centuries, real cucumber capitals appeared in Rus' - Murom, Klin, Suzdal, Nezhin. The tasty ripe fruit of this popularly loved crop should have a sweetish taste. It is no coincidence that in Iran, cucumber is considered a fruit. It is served on the table along with other sweets for dessert. Salt, bitterness and other flavor nuances give the vegetable various cooking options - pickling, pickling or frying. Cucumber is a moisture-loving crop that requires regular watering. The bitterness characteristic of early fruits is associated with a lack of water, nitrogen and potassium in the soil. In order to make a fresh cucumber more palatable in a salad, the peel is cut off. It is in it that cucurbitacin accumulates, a substance that gives a bitter taste. Processing the vegetable (soaking it in warm water before eating) and hot canning helps get rid of it. The ceremonial events on August 15 amaze with their diversity. In addition to fairs where gardeners and farms sell fresh and canned vegetables, the following are held: • competitions for the largest fruit; • performances of folk art groups; • master classes on pickling, fermentation, making pies and exotic types of cucumber jam; • training in carving - artistic carving of vegetables; • competitions for the best themed costume, etc. Sweet and not so sweet fruits of plants from the pumpkin family are not only eaten. They are used in cosmetology - cucumber lotions and masks get rid of pigmentation, oily shine and acne on the face. Few schoolchildren know that the skin of a vegetable can easily erase marks left by a pen or felt-tip pen. A slice of cucumber helps prevent bad breath. Thanks to its juice, the glass in the bathroom stops fogging up and door hinges stop squeaking. Some peoples believe that the vegetable brings good luck. That is why Germans traditionally decorate the Christmas tree with cucumber-shaped toys or hang fresh fruit on it. Rarely is a Russian feast complete without pickles. The traditional appetizer of the meal is pickled cucumber. A crispy and aromatic vegetable reigns on the table on holidays and weekdays. The Sweet Cucumber Festival is intended to pay tribute to its taste, versatility and popularity.

On August 15, a funny holiday is celebrated - the birthday of the telephone greeting "Hello"; It was first heard in 1877 from the lips of Thomas Edison, an American inventor and businessman. The author of more than 4,000 patents, in a conversation on August 15 with the president of a telegraph company, recommended that his employees use a short greeting “Hello” at the beginning of a conversation with a subscriber. A year earlier, the inventor of the telephone, Swede Alexander Bell, proposed using the naval greeting “Ahoy” for the same purpose (translated from English as “Hey, on deck!”). In the Russian language, a symbiosis of both options took root and the famous “Hello” appeared. This is interesting: Checking the operation of the equipment before performing on stage is often done using the popular phrase: “One, two, three, four five, the bunny went out for a walk.” T. Edison, when testing a phonograph, a device for recording sound messages, used a line from a children's poem: “Mary had a lamb.” The device successfully repeated this phrase. There are generally accepted norms for conducting dialogue at a distance using means of communication. The peculiarities of telephone communication include the lack of visual contact between the interlocutors, limited time (for example, during business negotiations) and a high probability of technical interference. Therefore, saying a short unified greeting makes it clear from the first seconds of the conversation whether the interlocutor can hear you and what the quality of the connection is. "Hello" refers to the productive part of a conversation and is used as a greeting. This is interesting: In countries around the world, starting a conversation on the phone sounds different. In Italy they say "Pronto", which translates as "I listen", in Greece - "Παρακαλώ" ("Please"), in Spanish-speaking countries - "Hola" ("Speak"). Germans often use their last name when answering an incoming call, while Brazilians often use the phrase “Quem és tu?” (“Who are you?”), Israelis - “Shalom” (“Peace”). 2 years before A. Bell, in 1874, a similar communication device was invented by the Italian Antonio Meucci, who, due to financial difficulties, did not patent his invention. The first telephone models were far from perfect - they did not have a ringer and were distinguished by a short transmission distance of the sound signal. The interlocutors could talk while being 250-500 meters from each other. Devices for converting sound vibrations into electrical impulses have long been considered a great luxury and were available to a narrow circle of people. This is interesting:  40% of the time during the day people lie during telephone conversations. 2 times less often - in a personal conversation. That is why businessmen often do not make important decisions over the phone, preferring a business meeting to a long-distance conversation. Today, most people on our planet have a telephone. Therefore, the birthday greeting "Hello", despite its fun, is a relevant holiday. In his honor, on August 15, it is customary to remember the history of the invention of the telephone and visit museums where ancient intercoms from various companies and countries are exhibited. Psychologists recommend working on your voice timbre - recording a greeting in several versions on a dictaphone, using the best one. Well, those who are too lazy to celebrate this day in some special way are advised to simply call on the phone, starting the conversation, of course, with the famous “Hello”.

Space and the stars have attracted people at all times with their inaccessibility and mystery. The Earth's satellite, the large celestial body closest to the planet, which is always turned to one side, has long been endowed with mystical properties. The Moon is associated with the feminine principle, the inner world of man, love and magic, symbolizes silver, while the Sun, whose light it reflects, is gold. The satellite affects various natural processes. The Moon influences the planet's magnetic field and air pressure, causing the ebb and flow of water in the World Ocean. There are many signs and superstitions associated with it. Astrologers and esotericists, when making their predictions about a person’s fate, always take into account the phases of the Moon and its location in the Zodiac sign. It inspires and encourages the creativity of poets, writers and musicians. Beethoven called one of his most famous works the “Moonlight Sonata,” and the German composer Paul Linke called the operetta “Frau Luna.” An unusual holiday has been established in honor of the night luminary. August 15th is Sing to the Moon Day. The celebration of Chant at the Moon Day is devoid of romantic overtones. The initiator of the holiday is considered to be the family company Stemilt Growers from Wenatchee, Washington, which is the world's largest supplier of fruit trees and organic fruits. According to one legend, cherries picked on a full moon are much sweeter and tastier than those picked from trees at other times. This fact is explained by the influence of the gravitational field of the Earth's satellite on the flora and fauna of the planet. Lunar cycles affect human well-being, animal behavior and crop yields. Washington state grows 62% of all cherries that end up on the tables of US residents. The birthplace of this tree is considered to be ancient Persia (modern Iran). Cherry cuttings were brought to North America in the 15th century. the first European colonists. The climatic conditions of the temperate and subtropical zones suited the plant, which local farmers began to grow. Cherry fruits contain many vitamins and microelements that have a beneficial effect on human health. Stemilt Growers decided to draw people's attention to the benefits of the fruit by establishing an unusual celebration. August is harvest time. That's why it became the month to celebrate Sing to the Moon Day. On August 15, picnics under the night sky, competitions and other entertainment events are held. Some of them are dedicated to the performance of songs in which the Moon is mentioned. In honor of the holiday, people visit planetariums, where they learn a lot about the solar system, the planets that are part of it, and their satellites. The celebration also calls for paying tribute to the sweet and juicy cherry, which with its color brings new shades to the palette of summer - one of the most beloved and long-awaited seasons of the year.

Gaining independence is one of the three most important holidays established in India at the state level. It is celebrated on August 15th. Both Gandhi's birthday and Republic Day, the anniversary of liberation from British control, are celebrated with special honor. At enterprises, in various institutions and organizations, a day off is established so that people have the opportunity to fully relax and take part in various events - public meetings, processions. The act confirming independence was adopted on the night of August 14-15, 1947. A prerequisite for its approval was Clement Attlee's decision to divide the state into two separate countries with Muslim and Hindu religions, which the British Prime Minister announced a few months earlier. This is how new countries appeared on the modern world map - Pakistan and India, which began their political history with a clean slate. Vibrant and original India is a mystery to Europeans. Independence Day is celebrated on a special scale in the country. Representatives of different classes, as well as members of the government, take part in the festivities. The main ceremonies take place in New Delhi, however, various ceremonial events are also held in remote regions. As part of the official celebration, the Prime Minister makes a speech and hoists the national flag at the historical citadel of Lal Qila, which is also known as the Red Fort. From the recognizable walls of the iconic historical building, which is one of the symbols of India, an appeal to the nation is heard, which the public receives with applause and laudatory sentiments. The politician’s speech contains information about the achievements and positive changes that have occurred in the state over the past months. It reminds citizens of the price at which freedom was achieved, and how much the national liberation struggle carried out in its time means. The ceremony continues with a colorful carnival, which brings a joyful and cheerful atmosphere to the city streets. Both local residents and visiting tourists who decide to soak in the incredible experience can take part in a colorful costume procession with dancing and music.

The Roman Catholic Church celebrates the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary on August 15 as a great celebration. The end of the earthly life of the Blessed Virgin is a bright holiday, confirming the power and strength of God, because he raised her soul and body to heaven, likening her to his Son. Before her Dormition, the Mother of God promised to be a helper and intercessor in all matters of believers, to serve as a comforter to those who turned to prayer. The principles of Catholic doctrine do not officially recognize the natural death of the Virgin Mary. The very fact of the corruption of the body, the Ark of God as Christians call it, was considered impossible for centuries, but only in November 1950 by Pope Pius XII it was formalized in the form of a special doctrine recognized as the only true one. This leader of Western Christians was even nicknamed "The Pope of Mary" for his devotion to the Mother of God and the contributions to Mariology (the branch of dogmatic theology about the Holy Virgin Mary) he made during his pontificate. Beliefs about incorruptibility are very important for Catholic postulates, because they are logically connected with another significant event - the Immaculate Conception, confirming the absence of original sin, and therefore ordinary death and subsequent processes. The Holy Scriptures do not mention the end of the life of the Mother of God, and other primary sources are unlikely to shed the truth, because they date back to the 4th – 5th centuries. There are also conflicting data about the year in which she left this world - the middle of the 1st century AD. e. rather inaccurate date. For example, Eusebius of Caesarea, a Roman theologian and historian, believed that she left the world in 48 AD. But for true believers this is not so important. Of primary importance is the fact of the miraculous manifestation of God that accompanies the last days of Mary’s earthly existence. For such an extraordinary personality, the end of the journey is also special, proving triumph over death. According to legend, the Archangel Gabriel, who had already appeared to her earlier, descended from heaven during prayer, informing her of his resettlement to heaven in 3 days. He handed over a special palm branch that shone with light. Mary was glad about this, since she herself had long been striving to go to heaven to God. She wished to see the apostles and disciples of her Son before her death, and they were gathered at her deathbed, transported in a bright cloud. At the appointed hour, Jesus Christ himself appeared from heaven and accepted her soul. The body was carried through Jerusalem to the burial place - the Cave of Gethsemane, where Mary's parents and the betrothed Joseph rested. Another phenomenal circumstance is considered to be the manifestation of the power of God, which did not allow any atrocities regarding the burial of the Mother of God. At that time, severe persecution of the teachings of Christ continued in Jerusalem, and the solemn honors given to the Blessed Virgin were displeasing to the ruling authorities. The order to disperse the procession and burn the body of the Virgin Mary remained unfulfilled, since a wall of light protected the believers from attack. The ascension of not only the soul, but also the remains, is confirmed by the legend that instead of the body of the Virgin Mary, only funeral clothes were discovered. This happened thanks to the Apostle Thomas, who was the only one who did not arrive on time. He did not believe that Mary had died, and the other apostles allowed him to say goodbye to the Mother of God by opening the cave. This is another act of God, the purpose of which was to reveal the ascension of the Mother of God. Thanks to this personality, the descendants received another allegorical name - “Doubting Thomas”, which is actively used in modern life. Until the 5th century, the holiday was not established: only with the emergence of heretical movements that offended the feelings of Christians, the need arose to extol the earthly path of the Virgin Mary. According to some sources, Emperor Mauritius introduced universal glorification in 582 in honor of the victory over the Gentiles. Today, the Dormition in Western liturgical rites has the status of a celebration in the hierarchy of holidays, in some countries even being an official day off (Austria, Portugal, France). Religious processions take place, majestic and beautiful, with sculptures of the Blessed Virgin. The ancient tradition of bringing flowers and fruits of the new harvest among parishioners has been preserved. And although there are certain dogmatic differences between Christian teachings, on this bright feast of the Assumption, the Catholic Church, as well as the Orthodox Church, once again emphasizes that death is a transition from earth to heaven, the path to eternal immortality. The Blessed Virgin is an example of faith, and honoring the day of her departure into heavenly glory is not just obligatory, but a sincerely beloved holiday for all Catholics. It is worth noting that the Orthodox Church celebrates the feast of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Ever-Virgin Mary annually on August 28th.

Followers of one of the world's oldest religions, Zoroastrianism, celebrate Amertat Day on August 15. The authentic holiday of the Fire of the Kings is timed to coincide with the entry of the Sun at 23 in the celestial constellation Leo. Followers of the religion founded by Zarathustra consider Amertata the patron saint of the plant world. He is also personified with the infinity of life and the vastness of the universe. It is believed that with the help of the deity, people get the opportunity to engage in creativity without vain thoughts, the desire to become famous and gain fame. Having decided to join the celebration of the Fire of the Kings, it is worth becoming more familiar with the traditions of August 15th. On this day, it is recommended to get up early in order to meet the first rays of sunshine peeking over the horizon and illuminating the world around us in cheerfulness and good mood. It is believed that this ritual will bring the body not only health, but also excellent tone, youth and vigor. Particular importance is attached to water. In ancient times, they believed that in the second ten days of the last month of summer, she gains strength that inspires and inspires. Therefore, a good solution would be a trip to a lake, river, sea or other body of water where you can happily swim. It is customary to leave all the negativity – sad thoughts, anxieties, worries, frustrations and grievances – in the sand, which will disappear from the coastal strip with a light blow of wind. There are other interesting rituals associated with Amertat Day: Following the ancient custom will allow you to meet the triumph of the Fire of the Kings in harmony and tranquility. The holiday of alchemy of spirit, love and joy will charge you with positive energy and provide support for further spiritual growth and development.

Holidays of Greece - Day of the Assumption of the Mother of God

Holidays in Bulgaria - Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Panama Holidays - Panama Viejo (Old Panama) Day (Panama La Vieja Day)

Holidays of Poland - Polish Army Day, Armed Forces Day (Swieto Wojska Polskiego)

Costa Rica Holidays - Mother's Day

On August 15, the Eastern Slavs celebrated the day of Stepan Senoval. This day in the Christian calendar is dedicated to the anniversary of the transfer of the relics of the martyr Stephen from Jerusalem to Constantinople. The apostle of seventy was slandered by the Jews for allegedly blaspheming Christ. For this, the thirty-year-old archdeacon was stoned. Stephen is the first martyr, the first Christian to suffer for his faith in Jesus Christ. The relics of the passion-bearer were found only four centuries after the death of the saint - at the beginning of the 5th century. Very quickly they spread to many cities around the world. Miracles of healing occur near the relics of Stephen. Christians also keep contact relics - stones with which, according to legend, Stephen was beaten. Icon painters depict a young martyr with bloody stones on his head and with a palm branch or censer in his hands. People associate this day with seeing off summer and welcoming autumn. The peasants at Stepan Senoval were finishing haymaking and putting away the dried hay for storage. The grass, mowed at the beginning of summer, was growing back by this time. They called it the aftereffect, or the second hay, and they mowed it down again for Stepan Senoval. On August 15, knowledgeable people collected late-flowering medicinal herbs. Some made a magical Stepanov wreath of twelve herbs. At the same time, it was important to ensure that the torn plants did not drop a single flower. It was hung in the red corner and used when one of the household members fell ill. People also performed rituals on horses to prevent them from theft and illness. The horse was sprinkled with holy water and given water through silver to protect it from evil spirits. To do this, they took a silver coin and put it in the hat. Then they filled it with water and gave the animal something to drink. The coin was hidden in the stable. Often the same coin was passed down from generation to generation. On Stepanov Day, horses were protected from hard work, they were washed, their manes and tails were combed, and ribbons were braided. It was believed that the weather on Stepan showed what September would be like. If the spider was weaving webs, it means that strong winds will soon blow. The same thing should be expected if the croaking frogs suddenly fell silent.

Zimbabwe Holidays - Defense Forces Day

Orthodox holidays on August 15:

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God of Achair

Memorial Day of St. Blessed Basil, Moscow Wonderworker

Day of the Transfer of the Relics of the First Martyr and Archdeacon Stephen