At the end of the 19th century, a then little-known German inventor named Rudolf Diesel applied for a patent for a new heat engine that would later bear his name. In 1853, forty years earlier, the transesterification reaction was discovered, which made it possible to increase the plasticity of fats and their stability to oxidation, while increasing the melting point. How are these two events related? Transesterification is used to create biological fuels, which were first used for a diesel engine at a presentation in Augsburg, Germany on August 10, 1893. Subsequently, all development of the new engine was carried out at a local enterprise, where Diesel received support and financing for his project. During the presentation, a unique fuel was used at that time, obtained from peanut oil - an affordable product, the production of which was several times cheaper than oil refining. Since then, August 10 has become an unofficial biodiesel holiday. This fuel is obtained by processing animal and vegetable fats. Its main advantage is environmental safety. When using it, the emission of soot and carbon dioxide, which causes irreparable damage to the ozone layer of the planet, is significantly reduced. The fuel does not cause any harm to either plants or animals. When it gets into water or soil, it is simply processed by microorganisms. The complete biological breakdown of the substance takes only a month, but for ordinary bags made from oil, this process drags on for 700-1000 years. Fuel does not poison the environment, which is especially important today, when the world is on the verge of an environmental disaster. Various raw materials are used to produce biodiesel. Typically, each individual region or country has its own “recipes”. In Asia, palm and coconut oils are actively used. In Africa and the USA, fields are sown with soybeans, and in Europe rapeseed is grown for this purpose. In each country, for the production of biodiesel, the crop that is profitable to grow in the given climatic conditions is selected. In rare cases, fish oil, waste vegetable oil, castor oil, and animal fats are used. The undisputed leader among sources of vegetable fats is rapeseed. This is the cheapest oil of all, but soon it may have to give way to algae, which is already being considered as a promising option for the production of biodiesel.

Most representatives of the fauna have their own holiday on the calendar. And certainly the king of beasts cannot fail to have it. World Lion Day is celebrated annually on August 10 and the main significance of this holiday is to attract attention. The population of graceful predators is gradually declining and their Day is a reason to think about protection and conservation. The history of the holiday has been lost and therefore it is not known for certain who was the first to propose and when to introduce World Lion Day into the calendar. The number of cats is indeed rapidly decreasing, this is facilitated by the changing climate, droughts, poaching, hunting, etc. The lion is considered a deadly animal, but today it turns out that man has become the main enemy for the animal. And if nothing changes, then predators in the near future risk ending up in the Red Book. One day a year is catastrophically not enough, but even he is able to make a small contribution to the protection of the Kings of Beasts. On August 10, you can hardly see information about World Lion Day on the front pages of the world's tabloids or in the main topics of news releases. All events related to it are local in nature. Zoo defenders and simply caring people organize various events dedicated to the holiday. Previously, exhibitions were held in cities where they showed photographs and videos about animals, emphasizing their importance for nature and the not very rosy prospects that hang over wild cat families. Where you can definitely feel the holiday atmosphere is in parks and reserves, where proud animals live under the indirect supervision of humans. The most famous of them:• Sabi Sand Game Reserve - South Africa;• Maasai Mara National Reserve - Kenya;• Timbavati Private Reserve - South Africa;• Kariega Reserve - South Africa;• Hwange National Park - Zimbabwe;• Linyanti Reserve - Botswana. Arriving here on the last day of the first ten days of August, you can definitely feel that there is a reverent attitude towards the King of Beasts. After the massive development of the Internet, more and more people are learning about International Lion Day. After all, pages and groups are created on social networks that anyone can subscribe to and repost information. You can hold various competitions and challenges, increasing interest in graceful animals, which has a positive effect on issues of their protection. It is also easier to resolve issues of charity and make a feasible contribution at least once a year to the cause of protecting these formidable and at the same time defenseless representatives of the fauna.

Bloggers are actively exploring the Internet media space. They post their thoughts about current events online, conduct streams, and exchange links to useful resources and photographs with subscribers. August 10 marks the International Day of Vlogging - a method of transmitting information using videos. International Vlogging Day has been widely celebrated since 2018 on the initiative of the organizers of the Summer in the City festival. The event, held annually in the UK since 2009, brings together online video fans and bloggers who create videos and post them on the Internet. Channels on which the owner posts posts about travel, life in a foreign country, attending various parties, his own shopping experience and other things of interest to a wide audience are very popular among viewers. In order to become a successful blogger who shoots and edits videos, the owner of the resource should listen to the advice of the “elders”: • clearly define the topic of the vlogs; • choose a suitable location for filming and think over the screen image, because the success of the event will depend on this (viewers usually decide whether to watch the video or not within the first 5 seconds); • ensure high quality sound and light, organize other technical aspects; • experiment with your own style, manner of presenting material, speech and other components based on the opinions of viewers; • master the basics of a video editor for successful editing of footage. Vlogging is not only an opportunity to express yourself and share your impressions of life with your audience, but also a way to earn money. The number of views and subscribers, and therefore advertisers, depends on the quality of video content. The blogger posting the videos must monitor and, if possible, respond to viewers’ comments, analyze the pros and cons, and do other work. The most famous platform for vlogging is Youtube, followed by TikTok and Yandex.Zen. The top most popular video hosting sites in the world include Instagram, Facebook Watch, Dailymotion, popular in the EU countries, Metacafe, Vimeo with 170 million user visits per month, the 9gag platform, a service for Twitch streamers and Veoh, which is supervised by an Internet television company from California. On each of these resources and on other platforms, millions of different videos are posted every day. Their success depends on the intelligence of the owner of the resource, his skill as an operator and installer, as well as on the ability to interest the viewer. Communicating with like-minded people during International Vlogging Day, which is celebrated on August 10, allows you to achieve success and improve your level of professionalism.

The wind that inflated the sails of the caravels of the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries made it possible to make sea voyages, both short and long distances. With the invention of steam engines and turbines, the dependence of ship movements on weather conditions decreased. Today, only balloon pilots and parachutists rely on the strength of the wind and its direction. However, the speech still uses the parting words “Tailwind!” - wishes for an easy and fast journey, successful completion of the plan. The ancient Greeks believed that every natural phenomenon has its own deity. The winds of the four directions were controlled by the anems: Eir, Boreas, Zephyr and Not. These gods, depicted as people with wings, were also responsible for the changing seasons of the year. Destructive storm winds were the creation of the mythical monster Typhon. Before traveling across the sea, the gods were appeased - prayers were offered to them and sacrifices were made. Today, the victory of a boat in a sailing regatta or the success of a trip on a yacht depends on the strength of the air element. All lovers of sea adventures celebrate August 10 as Fair Wind Day. The last month of summer brings a lot of events related to sailing sports. In August, regattas and competitions on boats, cutters and yachts are held. Those who want to join the culture of water sports take part in charity events, auctions and large-scale celebrations held by sailing schools, sports and tourist associations. The initiators of the celebration of Fair Wind Day are also the owners of yacht clubs and windsurfers, whose boarding largely depends on the strength of the air elements. The history of domestic sailing, whose representatives celebrate Fair Wind Day on August 10, goes back more than 300 years. Its founder is considered to be Peter I. From Holland, the tsar brought a new holiday tradition - sailing on small boats on weekends. Thanks to Peter I, yachting became popular in different circles of society. The development of this sport occurred during the reign of Nicholas I. In 1846, the Tsar issued a decree on the establishment of the Imperial St. Petersburg Yacht Club according to the European model. Under his auspices, the first 12-mile races were organized in the Gulf of Finland in July 1847. After a while, yachts from the Northern capital began to go on trips abroad, calling at the ports of the Baltic Sea and mooring at the coast of Crimea. Russian athletes were among the first in the world to attempt to travel around the world. On the yacht "Rogneda" in 1853 they sailed to Rio de Janeiro, but because of the Crimean War, plans had to be changed. The ship was sold, and the crew returned to their homeland. But this did not stop the development of sailing in the country. By the end of the 19th century. in Russia there were more than 100 officially registered yacht clubs that had their own charters and flags. Soviet athletes took up the baton from them. In 1936, the USSR sailing championship was held in Leningrad. Representatives from 16 cities of the Soviet Union took part in it on dinghies and keel yachts. Over time, sailing races began to be included in the program of the All-Union Spartakiads. Soviet yachtsmen showed themselves heroically in the Winter War of 1939-1940. with the Finns, in naval battles on small ships in the Great Patriotic War. In modern Russia, yachting is one of the popular types of active recreation. The season for sailing competitions, taking place on Lake Baikal, in the White, Baltic and Black Seas, on the river expanses of the Volga and the Far East, lasts from May to October. Both professionals and amateurs take part in the regattas, to whom, according to a long-standing tradition, fair winds are wished before the start.

Strongmen Alexander Zass, Evgeny Sandov, who is considered the founder of bodybuilding, and Pyotr Krylov are the most famous weightlifters of the 19th-20th centuries. For training, they used weights, thanks to which they demonstrated to the public the unique physical capabilities of lifting weights and wrestling in the ring. The list of well-known strongmen also includes the names of such famous weightlifters as Ivan Poddubny, Sergei Eliseev and Ivan Zaikin. All of them were from the Russian Empire. Original athletes who led a healthy lifestyle maintained their strength and excellent health into old age. Some strongmen, such as Eugene Sandow, participated in the Mr. Olympia bodybuilding competition, founded in 1901 as a symbol of the revival of ancient Greek ideals of beauty for the male body. An important milestone in the development of martial arts was the founding of the “Amateur Athletics Club” in St. Petersburg on August 10, 1885. The first weight pulling competitions took place in the 40s. XX century Most of them were amateur in nature. Unified rules for competitions appeared in the USSR in 1962. At the official level, kettlebell lifting was recognized in 1985. Two years later, the All-Union Federation appeared, which was involved in the popularization of martial arts. Followers of the traditions laid down by old school athletes are Sergei Mishin, Ivan Denisov and Sergei Rachinsky. Each of them set a single record for the number of jerks per unit of time and contributed to the development of the sport. S. Rachinsky in 2013 lifted a 16-kilogram weight 931 times in one hour. The achievement of the Russian athlete is included in the Guinness Book of Records. A holiday has been established in honor of the oldest form of martial arts. August 10 is Kettlebell Lifting Day. Power games were a favorite pastime in Rus'. The epic heroes Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich and Ilya Muromets were involved in lifting weights and wrestling. A sports projectile in the form of a cannonball with a handle is considered an original Russian invention. The skill of using it was demonstrated in the circus arena by the athlete Pyotr Krylov, nicknamed “The King of Weights,” and the professional wrestler and trainer Alexander Zass. A strongman from Nizhny Novgorod, Nikandr Vakhturov, easily threw a 32 kg weight through a freight car. Friedrich Wilhelm Müller's mother was Russian and her maiden name was Sandow. Her son, an English weightlifter, took the name Eugene as a pseudonym. E. Sandow set many world records throughout his life. One of them was lifting in 1894 at a competition in San Francisco with one hand a barbell weighing 122 kg with giant hollow balls, inside of which one person sat at a time. Russian gunners can be considered the first strongmen: each of them placed a projectile weighing from one and a half to 26.2 kg into the barrel of a military weapon. Carrying heavy loads for hand-loaded guns required good physical fitness. Gradually, in the Russian army and beyond, lifting cannonballs began to be practiced to train strength and dexterity. Over time, athletes improved the shape of the kettlebell and its handle. Previously, the projectile was made only of cast iron and steel, which created the correct center of gravity; today it is also made of plastic and rubber, covered with vinyl and polyurethane. Lifting weights has been and remains a favorite pastime for athletes who strive for excellence in everything - from the beauty of their own bodies to setting weight lifting records. The sports equipment, which was invented in Rus', is used by bodybuilders in different countries of the world for their training. All followers of the traditions of old-school strongmen and fans of martial arts celebrate Cinder Sports Day on August 10th.

In Rus', farewell to a loved one before a long separation was accompanied by various rituals. In the old days, before leaving the house, a guest crossed himself on the icons hanging in the corners, bowed, shook the owner’s hand and hugged him. The traveler was escorted to the porch or gate. The farewell was carried out taking into account signs and beliefs. They wished the guest a good journey and good luck, the hunters were told “no fluff, no feather”, the fishermen - “neither head nor tail.” Before a long journey, as before a difficult and difficult task, they prayed, sat down on chests, trunks or suitcases and then left the house. The farewell meal had a special meaning. Immediately before leaving, the table was covered with a tablecloth, salt and a loaf of bread were placed on it. They sat on benches with their backs to the stove and looked at each other for about a minute, wanting to see more for future use. In memory of these and other farewell traditions, an unusual holiday has been established. Every year on August 10th the Day of Long Farewells is celebrated. In 1705, during the reign of Peter I, men began to be recruited in Rus'. On the one hand, there was nothing wrong with this, because... provided a number of privileges: a person was freed from serfdom, stopped paying taxes and taxes. On the other hand, serving in the army for a period of 25 years deprived of freedom of choice and led to a severance of ties with society: the recruit was far from his homeland, could not get married, etc. Seeing off to the army for most families was marked by sadness and partly mourning for a loved one . The recruits were given amulets and blessed, while mourning as at a funeral. Long farewells mean extra tears. This proverb appeared as a result of understanding the ritual of farewell to a recruit before serving in the army. Popular wisdom calls not to delay the wires, so as not to increase the pain of separation. In the film "For Family Circumstances" there is a song by E. Kolmanovsky, written to poems by E. Yevtushenko: However, not in all cases the farewell ritual causes sadness and melancholy. So, in Soviet times, especially in 1930-1950, conscription into the army became a holiday. For the majority of the country's citizens, and most importantly - the peasants, who have always lived very hard, the service evoked positive emotions. A soldier drafted into the army for a period of 3 to 5 years received government pay and could receive an education and a profession, such as a driver. Therefore, in Soviet families, the farewell of recruits was celebrated magnificently - they organized feasts with relatives and friends, gave gifts, gave parting words and shared experiences. Long-term separation and associated tears are explained by uncertainty about the future. People worry that something bad might happen to their loved ones, so they cry, especially if there is a strong attachment and connection with the one who is leaving. Tears help to express emotions and show how dear and loved the one with whom they are breaking up is. Long farewells are an opportunity to express love and care, demonstrate affection for another person, and a way to strengthen invisible bonds. The farewell ritual helps to cope with the stress associated with separation and accept the situation. The Day of Long Farewell is called upon to pay tribute to folk wisdom.

Ecuador Holidays - Independence Day (National Day)

The national holiday of Prokhora-Parmena falls on August 10. In Orthodoxy, this day is associated with the names of the apostles Prokhor and Parmen. According to Christian legend, the twelve apostles called together seventy of their disciples and invited them to choose seven people to resolve everyday issues. These people were supposed to cook food and give alms. Their work would help free the apostles for their main mission - spreading Christianity. Prochorus (disciple of the Apostle Peter) and Parmen (disciple of John the Theologian) were among the chosen ones. Later, Prokhor became a bishop in Nicomedia and contributed in every possible way to the spread of Christianity. Parmen's further fate is shrouded in mystery. It is only known that it was he who was the author of the biography of his teacher. On Prokhorov Day, people honored blacksmiths, without whose labor peasant life would have been difficult. People of this craft shoed horses, repaired equipment, and made tools. The blacksmith helped the peasants not only in everyday life. He was credited with magical abilities, because he dealt with fire and metal, and sharply sharpened objects protected him from evil spirits. What added mystery to the image of the blacksmith was the fact that his home and forge were located far from the village. There was a popular belief that the most important thing on this day was not to buy or sell anything. Even the exchange of anything was prohibited. It was believed that a purchased or exchanged item would quickly become unusable, stolen or lost. On Prokhor, the pear harvest usually began. The peasants believed that if by August 10 the potato tops began to wither, then they could dig them up. Housewives on this day prepared pear pies and boiled new potatoes. Usually the weather on Prokhorov day is sunny. It is generally accepted that its harbingers are heavy dew in the morning and high-floating clouds. Bad weather that begins on Prokhor most often drags on for a long time.

Italian Holidays - Feast of Saint Lawrence

Orthodox holidays on August 10:

For the Orthodox Church, August 10 is a patronal feast day in honor of the Smolensk Icon, especially revered by believers of the Mother of God. This visible expression of the Incarnation became a symbol of the Russian faith, capable of providing stunning, miraculous help. The prototype of the icon is a version of the iconographic Mother of God, made by the closest follower of the faith - Evangelist Luke, whose author's works are also owned by the Russian Orthodox Church. The icon represents the image of Jesus, already somewhat grown up, in contrast to another, common type of depiction of icons called “Eleusa”. This word is interpreted as tenderness, an expression of love. For the Smolensk image, the dogma is somewhat different - it glorifies the fact of the appearance of the Heavenly King to the whole world in the form of a divine baby, as evidenced by the characteristic gesture of the right hand of the Mother of God. The shrine belongs to a certain iconographic type and is known as Hodegetria - “Guide” from Greek. She is able to lead believers to salvation along the true path - to Christ. There is a legend about how the Blessed Virgin helped healing by showing the way to the temple to two blind men who received it in front of the image. But there are no reliable facts about how the icon itself came to the territory of the future Russia. The most acceptable version is considered to be the transfer of the icon as a parental blessing from the Byzantine Emperor Constantine to his daughter when she was married to Prince Vsevolod in 1046. His son, the famous Vladimir Monomakh, then moved the icon from Chernigov, his father's inheritance, to Smolensk in 1095. A few years later, he laid the foundation for the Assumption Cathedral, where this icon was placed. It began to be called Smolensk and protects the people inhabiting these lands. For the first time, miraculous help came from the icon in 1239, when Smolensk was surrounded by the troops of Khan Batu, whose numerical superiority seemed to leave no chance for the inhabitants. Skeptics may question subsequent events, but they can be classified as true miracles. The fervent prayer of the Smolensk residents, who turned to the protectress, granted salvation in the person of the believing warrior Mercury. The holy voice from the icon directed his actions. At the cost of his life, he made his way into the camp and defeated many enemies, including the strongest warrior of the horde. And not a single critic will be able to deny that the Orthodox Church united the Russian people from fragmentation, especially during the period of the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But subsequent historical realities forced the Smolensk Mother of God to leave her refuge. This happened in 1395, when the principality lost the right to Hodegetria after being captured by Lithuania. But again, another wedding in 1398, this time of the daughter of the Lithuanian ruler and the Moscow prince, the son of Dmitry Donskoy, returned the icon to the Russian land as a dowry, only to Moscow. And half a century later (1456), at the request of the Smolensk ambassadors, it was solemnly returned. The exact list, that is, a copy of the icon, was subsequently transferred on July 28 (August 10), 1525 to the Novodevichy Convent, built in honor of the liberation from Lithuanian rule. From this moment the period of celebration begins. On August 10, the Divine Liturgy takes place, glorifying the earthly life of Jesus and the Mother of God. Not all images are awarded their own temple patronal feast. 4 other images of the Mother of God have these (for example, Vladimir, Kazan). For those believers for whom the significance of the icon is great, there is the opportunity to take part in a religious procession organized by Orthodox activists. It has become a traditional, annual event with a pilgrimage route Vitebsk-Smolensk, and is called “Hodegetria”. Celebrations and celebrations strengthen the spiritual ties of the Orthodox and fill life with joy, although the prototype itself disappeared after the German occupation of Smolensk, which was established in 1943. His fate is still unknown, but the Orthodox do not lose hope.

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God of Bugabash

Cathedral of Tambov Saints