The holiday of breaking the fast (Eid al-Fitr) is celebrated when the month-long fast ends. During the strictest fast of the month of Ramadan, it is forbidden to eat or drink before sunset, take medications, or engage in marital intimacy. This holiday is considered a time of unification of all Muslim believers. Its occurrence is associated with the lunar calendar, so the date of the holiday shifts every year. In Muslim countries and republics, the first day is a day off, although celebrations last for three days. The history of the holiday of breaking the fast (or Eid-al-Fitr) dates back to the year 624, when the Prophet Muhammad accepted the verses of the Koran from Allah. On this day, Muslims congratulate each other: “Have a blessed holiday!” After a strict long fast, it is imperative to take a break from the bustle of the world: you need to rejoice and have fun. It is important on this day to ask for forgiveness from family and friends, to think about self-development and self-knowledge. Before the holiday, everyone must give alms or food to those in need: in this way sins are expiated. Women and children, preparing for the brightest holiday of Muslims, clean their homes, yards, and clean livestock. On this day, people get up before dawn and have a light breakfast. Particularly devout Muslims eat odd numbers of dates, as the Prophet did. Before the celebration, they perform ablutions and put on new clothes. All family members pray, and the men attend a festive service in the mosque, where the imam reads a sermon, and then namaz (prayer) is performed. Some people remember the dead by visiting cemeteries. However, they do this without tears or sadness. Afterwards, Muslims set the tables, go to relatives and receive guests themselves. Treats are often exchanged with neighbors. Lamb dishes are a must on the festive table. The meal lasts for a very long time, sometimes even until the morning. Thus, Eid al-Adha is considered a family holiday. Children get together and play various games, visit relatives' houses, receiving sweets and treats. Competitions for adults and children are held near the mosque. In some countries, they light a fire in the yard, jump over it, and dance in circles.

In the Soviet Union, on April 22, V.I.’s birthday was widely celebrated. Lenin. The fiery revolutionary did not like magnificent festivities, considering it pointless to waste time on bravura speeches and celebrations. Therefore, no ceremonial events were held during Lenin’s life. After Ilyich’s death in 1924, a tradition arose to celebrate his birthday everywhere - in all cities and villages of the USSR. Volodya was born in 1870 in Simbirsk, in the family of a tradesman Ilya Ulyanov, an inspector of public schools. The future leader of the CPSU (b) learned to read by the age of 4, studied well at school, graduating with a gold medal. In 1881, Lenin entered Kazan University, where he created a circle of “people's avengers.” 7 years later he joined the Marxists, and later led the revolutionary movement and the Bolshevik Party. Quotes from V.I. Lenin:  The phrase of the leader of the proletariat “We will go a different way” is widely known. The statement referred to the act of his brother, Alexander Ulyanov, who committed an attempt on the life of the Tsar. Lenin believed that to fight autocracy it was necessary to abandon terror and use other, more effective methods. Initially, on the eve of Ilyich’s birthday, subbotniks were held, the first of which took place in 1919 on the initiative of workers of the Moscow-Kazan Railway. The “Festival of Liberated Labor” and the active participation of the proletariat in it were reflected in the leader’s article “The Great Initiative.” On May 1, 1920, along with ordinary people, the leaders of the Country of Workers’ and Peasants’ Councils came out for a cleanup day. Particular attention was paid to cleaning the area around the Kremlin. There, according to eyewitnesses, Ilyich, along with everyone else, carried heavy logs for several hours. The participation of the head of the Bolshevik Party in this event became overgrown with myths and legends over time. This is where the tradition of holding spring subbotniks on Ilyich’s birthday began. Quotes from V.I. Lenina: Ilyich discussed the importance of cinema during conversations with A.V. Lunacharsky - revolutionary, publicist and critic. However, for decades, descendants quoted Lenin’s famous expression only partially. The full phrase of the Marxist theorist sounds like this: “Since we are a nation of completely illiterate people, the most important art for us is cinema and the circus.” After a while, on April 22, not only cleanup days began to be held, but also concerts, competitions, competitions and other public events. For the solemn date, postage stamps and postcards were issued, posters were drawn with the image of the leader. Most of all, the Octobrists and Pioneers were preparing for the birthday of “Grandfather Lenin,” who looked at children from all the portraits with his famous squint. They laid flowers at numerous monuments to the leader, of which there were more than 14,000 on the territory of the USSR by 1991. The Octobrists were directly related to Ilyich - their five-pointed stars depicted a small, curly Volodya. Quotes about V.I. Lenin: Albert Einstein, the founder of theoretical physics, was a convinced pacifist, humanist and socialist. He repeatedly appealed to Stalin, demanding in his letters the release of Soviet scientists imprisoned in prisons and camps. Einstein had great respect for Lenin, believing that “people like him are the guardians and renewers of the conscience of mankind.” Today, the birthday of the fiery revolutionary is celebrated by members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Union of Soviet Officers, participants in the “Children of War” movement, “The Essence of Time” and other public organizations. According to tradition, on April 22, flowers and wreaths are laid at the mausoleum on Red Square and other surviving monuments of the leader. Birthday of V.I. Lenin is no longer a red date on the calendar, but there is no need to talk about the complete oblivion of the main ideologist of Marxism. Quotes from V.I. Lenina: The ideologist of Marxism and leader of the proletariat defended democracy and equal opportunities for all citizens, regardless of origin. Lenin coined the famous expression: “...every cook must learn to govern the state.”

International Mother Earth Day is celebrated annually around the world on April 22. The holiday first took place in 1970 in the USA. His goal was to expand the environmental movement in the world and promote a careful attitude towards nature. Inspired by the success of the first event, the organizers repeated it the following year. This idea was picked up in other states. Each spring, new participants joined the celebration with calls to stop man's neglect of natural resources. Since the holiday was already recognized by many nations, in 2009 the UN General Assembly proposed that all its partners, international communities and organizations celebrate it. After the proclamation of the resolution, the chairman of the 63rd session of the General Assembly, M. Brockman, emphasized in his speech that the Earth is our common home, and its ecosystems provide life to humanity, therefore it is important that economic, social and environmental interests do not disturb the harmony with nature and the whole planet. International Mother Earth Day is the world's largest secular holiday. It is celebrated by more than a billion people in 192 countries. This is an important day to think about how to stop the barbaric attitude towards nature, change the world around us for the better and bring to people's consciousness the need for a reasonable and careful attitude towards Mother Earth. Many governments provide support to those involved in environmental protection, trying to make the Earth a healthy place to live. Gathering annually at a round table, scientists solve pressing problems and develop programs aimed at combating the deterioration of the environmental situation in individual countries and throughout the world. Numerous communities celebrate Mother Earth Day for a whole week and organize events, promotions, concerts and exhibitions. In large cities, car-free days are organized, young trees are planted and garbage is removed. Seminars and lessons are held in schools and colleges to instill love and foster a responsible attitude towards nature among young people, because the preservation of the planet depends on human culture, morality and mercy. The holiday has its own flag, which depicts a blue globe photographed from space, a symbol of a common home for all peoples. On Mother Earth Day, following the established wonderful tradition, the Peace Bell rings, calling on every person to feel a sense of belonging to their single home, and to do everything to preserve the planet for future generations.

In the XV-XVII centuries, the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, Europeans discovered new continents and countries. Celebrations dedicated to these events are combined into a group of holidays called Discovery Day. It includes the discovery of the Bahamas and Cayman Islands by H. Columbus in 1492 and 1503, and Guam by F. Magellan. Pedro Alvarez Cabral became the first European in history to land on the shores of Brazil on April 22, 1500. This happened along the route of the Portuguese traveler with an expedition from Europe to India. The flotilla, under the command of Cabral, consisted of 2 squadrons with 13 ships and more than 1,200 sailors on board. After a public farewell, the ships, in honor of whose voyage a solemn mass was held, set sail from Lisbon on March 9, 1500. A month and a half later, they anchored at a place called by the conquerors Monte Pascoal (“Easter Mountain”), located in the northeast of what is now Brazil. The Portuguese went ashore and established contact with the local population, exchanging greetings and gifts. In honor of this important event, the Discovery Day of Brazil is celebrated annually on April 22, part of Discovery Day. The Aborigines, according to the observations of sailors, lived in the Stone Age, subsisting on gathering and hunting. Countless tribes constantly competed and fought, some of them practiced cannibalism. In an attempt to convert the indigenous population to the Christian faith, on April 26, in honor of Easter Sunday, a 7-meter cross was erected in the soil of a sandbank in Porto Seguro on the southern coast of Bahia and the first mass was held. The service, conducted by Henry of Coimbra, was attended by Indians and Portuguese. Therefore, the new land was named Ilha de Vera Cruz ("Island of the True Cross"). On April 27, one of the ships of the flotilla set sail for Portugal to notify King Manuel of the discovery. In 1501, Italian traders, after meeting and talking with seafarers in Lisbon, began to call the new territories Terra dos Papagaios (“Land of the Parrots”). Almost at the same time, the Spanish traveler Amerigo Vespucci, who mapped the coast of South America, designated the country as Mundus Novus (“New World”). The name Brasil (short form of Terra do Brasil) was given later by a trading consortium led by Fernau de Loronha, by analogy with brasa - a tree from which from the 12th century. furniture and musical instruments were made in the Old World. Before the discovery of South America by the Portuguese, it was supplied to Europe by Arab traders. Brazilwood wood was also used to create a red-violet dye, which was actively used by the textile industry. The colonial period in Brazil lasted three centuries - from 1500 to 1815. In addition to valuable timber, Europeans exported sugar cane, coffee and, most importantly, gold from the country. A popular uprising on September 7, 1821 ended the occupation and slavery. On December 1, Don Pedro I, a defender of the rights of the local population, was crowned, and Brazil was proclaimed an empire independent of Portugal. In memory of this event, the country celebrates Dia da Independência every year. And in honor of the appearance of Europeans on the continent, the Discovery of Brazil Day is widely celebrated on April 22 with music and dance in all cities of the country.

Every year on April 22, it is customary to celebrate the Holiday of Cheaters - a funny unofficial holiday of professional cheaters. This day is an excellent occasion to meet with friends and acquaintances and have fun, play cards, show tricks, demonstrating sleight of hand, originality in the performance of supernatural phenomena that amaze the imagination of the audience. Cheating is cheating and cheating in a card game, in business, in the financial sector, in any type of human activity with the aim of winning, getting a big jackpot, winning. Cheating is always associated with dishonest actions and manipulation for personal gain. Behind the negative actions of a cheater, positive phenomena are often hidden: talent and dexterity, ingenuity, ingenuity, originality of thinking, quick wits, knowledge of the natural sciences - chemistry, physics, mathematics. Mukhlezh is often associated with a card game, but the origin of this word is far from cards, and is associated with fishermen from Astrakhan, who hooked decoy bait for gullible and hungry fish. Cheating in cards is based on the dexterity of the sharper: he shuffles the deck, quietly sorting the necessary cards. When mixing in the crook's mind, profitable combinations for the game are formed, professionally discarded, unnecessary ones are hidden, and trump cards remain in the hands. The process of cheating takes place in a crowd of people who are engrossed in conversation, often distracted from the game, and not focused on the actions of their opponents. On April 22, it’s good to get together with a group, sit in a narrow circle of like-minded people, master unusual techniques in card and other games, get acquainted with funny tricks, laugh, and recharge with positive emotions. The demonstration of magic tricks is carried out in an atmosphere of magic and mystery. The secret of execution lies in the knowledge of the physical laws of nature. The trickster's holiday is another reason to get acquainted with the secrets of magic tricks, find an explanation for unusual effects, master new techniques, gain knowledge, marvel at the ingenuity of the masters, and master cunning tricks.

The first computer was invented in 1833 by the English mathematician Charles Babbage. The programs for this mechanical apparatus, which performed simple arithmetic operations, were written by the daughter of the romantic poet Byron Augustus, Ada Liveles. Calculation of logarithms and trigonometric functions was carried out using punched cards. Liveles can safely be considered the first programmer - a representative of a profession that is traditionally considered a male prerogative. Computers appeared in the 40s of the twentieth century thanks to the American John von Neumann. The first models of electronic computers were quite bulky and occupied a separate room of the building. Maintenance of giant computers was carried out by technicians, data entry into the system was carried out by operators, and software was compiled by programmers. It is difficult to imagine the life of a modern person without a PC and other electrode devices. Therefore, IT specialists have their own professional holiday. Its programmers celebrate every 256th day of the year (September 12 or 13), chosen according to the number of different values ​​that can be expressed using an 8-bit byte. Decree No. 1034 on the establishment of the holiday was signed in 2009 by the President of the Russian Federation D. Medvedev. Before this, the date of the celebration was considered the first Friday of September. The initiator of its establishment was Dmitry Mendrelyuk, the owner of the Computerra publishing house, which published a thematic magazine weekly. However, long before this, Soviet specialists involved in computer software and automated systems made April 22 the date of their professional holiday. Today, as with the New Year, which is celebrated in two styles, representatives of the scientific and technical intelligentsia of the Soviet era celebrate 2 celebrations. One of them falls on the 256th day of the year, the second, ironically, on V.I.’s birthday. Lenin. Old Programmer's Day is a solemn date for graduates of technical universities in the 1960s. This period was marked by a real boom in the development of mathematics, physics and cybernetics. Computer maintenance, the launch of the first machine in the USSR was carried out in 1950, was carried out by engineering and technical workers - representatives of the profession that brought humanity closer to a wonderful future. Computers were massively introduced into light, heavy and defense industries. Enthusiasts who wanted to have their own home computer could assemble it according to the instructions that were published in the 1982-83 issues of Radio magazine. The first Small Electronic Calculating Machine occupied an area of ​​60 m2 and used 6 thousand lamps for operation. Its maintenance was carried out by adjusters and programmers who received a specialty at a university or institute with code 2204. It was decided to decipher this digital combination as the 22nd day and 4th month of the year. The date is still considered a professional holiday for all Soviet programmers. Therefore, old school IT specialists traditionally celebrate April 22 as Old Programmer’s Day or, as a joke, Old Programmer’s Day.

According to beliefs, the goddess Krinitsa, who was responsible for fertility and prosperity, lived in the springs. The underground waters that came to the surface nourished people with their life-giving moisture, protected them from adversity and gave them strength. Cold spring water was collected in buckets, drunk and washed to improve health. On April 22, they not only guessed, but also tried to remember the dreams they saw, which were considered prophetic.

April 22 (April 9, old style) according to the folk calendar, Vadim Klyuchnik is celebrated. The holiday was named after Saint Vadim of Persia, a martyr revered in Christianity on this date. Vadim's life began in Persia in the 4th century. Having learned about Christianity, the young man sold his possessions and with the proceeds built a monastic monastery in a deserted area, where seven disciples joined him, and he became the abbot. When the brutal persecution of Christians began in Persia, they were captured by pagans and brought to justice. Forced to renounce their faith, idolaters tortured Christian believers for several months. As a result, Vadim’s head was cut off and the students were released. Among the people, Saint Vadim was revered as an intercessor against deception and betrayal. When Vadimov’s day came, those in need of support prayed to the saint, asking him to give him strength in his own confidence and to relieve him of fear. Vadim was nicknamed Klyuchnik for the tradition of glorifying streams on this day. The peasants went into the forest and showed respect to streams and springs. They were taken care of by removing attacking branches and last year's leaves. Places near the springs where they went to collect water were fenced off with stones or logs so as not to be trampled. They washed their face and hands with water from the stream, took a couple of sips in order to gain life-giving strength and health. To find out the fate of the sick person, they used streams to tell fortunes about Vadim Klyuchnik. In the morning one should silently come to the reservoir, bow to all directions and inquire about the health of the patient. If the water remained calm and clear, then the illness could be cured in the near future, but if it foamed or began to bubble, then trouble was expected. By this day, the hay reserves had practically dried up, but the meadows began to be covered with lush greenery. The owners took livestock and poultry out for walking. With the advent of fresh grass, the cows' milk yield increased. In preparation for arable work, peasants checked the readiness of the land. To do this, they squeezed a lump of soil in their fist; if it crumbled well, then it was time to plow and sow the field. A damp lump that had not been scattered meant that we should wait a little. Signs about Vadim Klyuchnik helped residents find out the future. Dawn with a faint glow foreshadowed weather without rain. Fog outside or rain meant that the year would be fruitful. The blossoming of dandelions announced the arrival of real spring.

Orthodox holidays on April 22:

Memorial Day of the Holy Martyr Vadim, Archimandrite of Persia

Memorial Day of the Holy Martyr Eupsychius of Caesarea

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God of Caesar