The desire to make the world a better place gave birth to the United Nations. October 24 went down in the history of the world community as the date the Charter of 1945 came into full force, several months after the June conference. Two years later, an official resolution established it as United Nations Day. The commemorative date since 1948 serves as a reminder of the significant difficulties, problems and challenges facing the world's population. They consist of responsibility, the personal contribution of each person to solving environmental problems, and respect for human rights. Many obstacles to peaceful life, such as nuclear and chemical weapons, threaten the safety of all people without exception. The illegal arms trade and the arms race of all kinds are literally the “killer” aspects of discussions at the annual UN Disarmament Week (the period from October 24 to 30, dedicated to the creation of the UN). Over the years, the UN has achieved the greatest authority; today it includes more than 30 related organizations (WHO, UNESCO and others). It calls on the participating countries (their number is approaching 200) to use all possible tools and material benefits. Only by overcoming conflicts and contradictions and establishing friendly relations can the future be changed and disasters prevented, and the UN in this regard is a kind of negotiating platform that helps, to the best of our ability, to exclude a third world war. On this memorable day, the fact that human dignity is priceless, and people are not just a resource, is necessarily emphasized. Racial or other intolerance, terrible slavery, hunger - there is no place in the present and future. With these phenomena, a picture of a sustainable and just world cannot emerge, even if individual countries are quite prosperous and tolerant. The concept of “We the Peoples” - one of the tools for correcting the situation, is firmly embedded in the basis of the Millennium Goals - a global project. A reminder of it is in the annual message from the main person, the UN Secretary General. His post has been held since the beginning of 2017 by António Guterres, who has been dealing with refugee issues for a long time. He will certainly succeed in becoming as famous a leader as his predecessors Ban Ki-moon or Kofi Annan. The importance of this date for the participants and organizers themselves is so great that they even called in 1971 to make it a holiday, and at the state level, an equal day off, regardless of the day of the week. Some countries followed the call - Costa Rica, Sweden. At UN headquarters and representative offices, a mandatory official part takes place in the form of reading the Charter and raising the flag - a light blue symbol with an emblem in the form of a map. The presentation of awards on this day is especially honorable: they are awarded for achievements in a variety of categories, from innovation to creativity and personal growth. Concerts and festivals organized with the participation of governments are often organized in a thematic manner: folklore, cultural and culinary fairs. Exhibitions, discussions, speeches by famous people and public figures are aimed at informing and developing. Russia is an original member, an organizer, standing at the origins, as a country that defeated fascism, a permanent and respected partner of the UN. Along with China, the USA, France, and Great Britain, it has the right of veto in resolving the most important issues (Security Council). On October 24, actions and events and peace lessons are held in all regions of the Russian Federation. Those interested can familiarize themselves with the charitable and peacekeeping activities of activists. Students, students, and youth representatives take part in interesting projects that have become traditional, for example, the business game - Model UN Youth. The world is constantly changing, sometimes not for the better and often through the fault of people. Our direct participation is not always able to prevent the emergence of serious problems, but to solve existing ones, we only need the will to overcome global challenges.

Our world is developing rapidly every day. This is facilitated by progress; the desire of young people to receive education in order to use it in the future for the benefit of society; the latest scientific discoveries in various fields of knowledge. People are inventing more and more household appliances, creating new materials, exploring new horizons - both in space and on Earth. Over the past hundred years, humanity has achieved enormous successes in medicine, physics, electronics, the agricultural and textile industries, and so on - the list of human achievements goes on forever. As for the development of the social sphere, significant successes have also been observed here, thanks to the creation of various organizations aimed at developing society collectively - all over the world. Organizations such as the UN, holding international conferences and symposiums, various forums, and other events help unite different states in terms of development in various areas or to combat similar problems in society. On October 24, the United Nations was created, this happened after the end of World War 2. On the same day they also decided to celebrate World Development Information Day - since the day is quite symbolic for improving the world as a whole. Development issues and problems were first raised in the 70s of the last century. In 1970, the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade was established and approved. In order for society to understand what problems it needs to solve, it must be made aware of these problems. One of the main goals of this program is to popularize development issues and problems among young people, using various sources for this - the media, literature, and so on. Youth is the engine of social life and, if they think about the problems of the development of our society and the world as a whole, this will contribute to the improvement and improvement of technologies, principles and methods for the development of humanity, and therefore the world. As you know, the more people struggle with a problem, the greater the chance of its speedy solution. And if we fight together - sharing information, informing each other about progress in one area or another - this will reduce the time to solve the problem. This is why Development Information Day was created, which the whole world celebrates on October 24 - to save humanity’s time. After all, by communicating information to each other about certain achievements, we give each other the opportunity to deal with more pressing, necessary and useful problems, avoiding the situation of reinventing the wheel twice.

As part of the Armed Forces and other federal authorities of the Russian Federation, there are special units that, due to the requirements imposed on employees, their composition and purpose, occupy a special position among other paramilitary formations. We are talking about special forces units, which are honored on October 24. For the first time, special forces units appeared in the Red Army during the Civil War in March 1918. The forerunner of modern special forces was a special reconnaissance unit engaged in organizing and conducting reconnaissance and sabotage activities in the territory occupied by the Entente. Special forces received further development with the creation of special-purpose units in 1919, intended to combat the counter-revolutionary movement, both in Central Asia and in the Russian Federation. These units included both Komsomol members and party members, and general leadership was carried out by the Cheka. Only in 1925 were military equipment, military personnel and command personnel transferred to the Red Army. Starting from the 1930-xx and until 1950, the numerical strength, weapons and goals of special forces units changed several times. The special forces carried out many operations, which during the Second World War ensured both the successful conduct of various operations of the Red Army and contributed to the determination of the most effective tactics of the special forces, as well as the criteria for the selection of military personnel. The date chosen and set by the President of the Russian Federation is not accidental. It was on this day, according to the directive of the USSR Minister of War A. Vasilevsky, that special forces “became” a separate branch of the military. In those days, the main task of special forces was to operate behind enemy lines, disable his communications, detect and destroy weapons of mass destruction, etc. Special forces companies were formed under each combined arms and mechanized army, as well as in a number of military districts. Since then, special forces units have carried out many operations, both in “official” (Czechoslovakia, Vietnam, Afghanistan and other countries) and “unofficial” wars (Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Cuba, Nicaragua and other countries). In total, special forces units operated in more than two dozen countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa. The orders successfully carried out by the special forces allowed them to successfully carry out various operations and end military conflicts. Numerous military conflicts that continue to this day and the growth of global terrorism have led to the expansion of the functions of special forces units. As a result, in addition to the Armed Forces, each federal government body (Ministry of Emergency Situations, FSB, Ministry of Internal Affairs and others) created its own special-purpose paramilitary forces. Depending on the subordination, the goals, selection criteria, weapons and tactics of such units are different. However, they are all united by the initiative of the special forces, the audacity and swiftness of the operations carried out, high combat characteristics, coordination of actions between fighters and the skillful use of military equipment, the latest weapons, as well as the use of weather conditions, time of day and the protective properties of the terrain for their own purposes. Equipped with modern special and military equipment, as well as modern weapons, special forces are ready to successfully solve any task set by the command.

According to various versions, India or China are considered the birthplace of billiards. The first special table was made in 1469 by order of King Louis XI by master Henri de Vinem. Gambling entertainment appeared in Russia thanks to Peter I. The name of the game, billard, is of French origin: bille means “ball”, billart - “stick”. On October 24, fans of this sport celebrate Billiards Day every year. The game, which is called pool in the USA, uses from 3 to 15 balls. Their color, weight and diameter vary: 60 mm in pool, 68-68.5 mm in Russian billiards. A table with pockets was not always made of wood and covered with cloth. Initially, natural slate was used for the playing field. Since such a slab was quite expensive and heavy, craftsmen tried to replace the material with granite or marble. But the tables could not withstand the impacts of the balls, so they cracked and crumbled. In Germany, at the dawn of the advent of entertainment, they used stone balls, which were hit with an iron or wooden hammer. Later the Germans switched to billiards on a table with pockets. Today, the leader in the production of balls is the Belgian company Saluc, which produces 80% of the products in this segment. For the manufacture of billiard tables, both laminated chipboard and MDF, as well as natural slate and synthetic (marble or granite chips, bonded with synthetic hardeners), are used. The rules of the game vary depending on the type: carom, pool, snooker, kaisa (Carolina), novus and Russian. The latter has up to 40 types: “Big Russian Pyramid”, “American”, “Moscow Pyramid”, etc. In honor of Billiards Day, players from all over the world meet to communicate with like-minded people, hold competitions in each of the existing types, and give master classes and take part in other activities. Fans and experts of the game claim that it develops logical thinking, psychological endurance and perseverance. Billiard players have trained arm muscles, are distinguished by accuracy and good coordination of movements. Victory in a game is ensured by knowledge of psychology and developed intelligence - players must be excellent tacticians and strategists. Billiards championships are held in the USA, Europe and the world. The very first in history dates back to 1873. For many years, the possibility of including this popular sport, like chess, bowling and bridge, in the list of Olympic competitions has been considered. While the question remains open, eminent players continue to improve their skills, receiving sports categories, the titles of candidates and masters of sports in playing billiards.

With a gloomy sky and rainy weather, autumn pushes you into the tender embrace of a soft blanket, gives you a cup of aromatic tea and a book. For some, the flame of a fireplace and a gentle purr at their side help them warm up on cold evenings, while for others, warm socks help them warm up. They are worn in autumn and winter by both adults and children. Everyone who loves to knit and wear woolen products celebrates October 24th as the Day of Love for Warm Socks. This wardrobe detail, which appeared in the 8th century. BC. in Ancient Greece, is a shortened knee-high. Tibialia, socks made from matted sheep's wool, were worn by both Roman legionnaires and ordinary citizens. Felt products covered the lower leg, protecting the legs from cold weather and blows from weapons. In China, socks were made from thin two-layer silk, equipped with ties that were tightened like a corset. Similar products from a mixture of flax and wool were made in the 3rd-5th centuries. AD Egyptians. The split-toe style allowed socks to be worn with sandals. The same model with caligas, army ankle boots, was worn by the ancient Romans. To prevent shoes from rubbing their feet and toes, the Slavs in Rus' wrapped footcloths around their feet. For a long time they were part of the military uniform of the armies of many countries around the world, but in the end they were replaced by cotton socks. In Russia they were abandoned quite recently - soldiers used foot wraps until 2013. Hosiery performs a purely utilitarian function - they protect the limbs from hypothermia and create a layer between the shoe and the leg. Today, like hundreds of years ago, socks are made from linen, six, cotton and viscose. To ensure a tight fit to the leg and a long service life, threads of synthetic fibers - acrylic, nylon, polyester - are added to the material. Warm socks accompany a person throughout his life. Booties protect a newborn's little feet from hypothermia. Over time, soft-soled shoes are replaced by socks. Thin cotton items are worn in summer, warm knitted items in winter. For kids, buy socks with soft elastic, stripes, diamonds or multi-colored patterns. Children choose solid colors for school or sports uniforms; for Christmas gifts from Santa Claus - bright red or striped with a white border. Adults must take warm factory-made or hand-knitted socks with them when fishing or hunting. They are worn on hikes, worn during colds to warm feet, and walked around the house using them instead of slippers. Warm wool socks are in the wardrobe of everyone who lives in a temperate climate zone, in northern latitudes on the border and beyond the Arctic Circle. They are worn to relieve joint pain by both people with arthritis and arthrosis, and those who are forced to stand on their feet for a long time at work. Gone are the days when yarn for knitting socks was spun on a spinning wheel. Today, ready-made mohair and wool are bought in stores. But the tradition of knitting socks by hand has not disappeared. She is remembered in honor of a funny and sweet holiday, which is celebrated on February 24th. Caring grandmothers knit and give socks to their grandchildren, putting their love and a piece of their soul into them. In honor of the holiday, knitting needles are picked up by everyone who is partial to needlework and wants to please their loved ones with a gift - beautiful and warm socks.

At the end of October, on the 24th, according to the folk calendar, Philip's Gimp is celebrated. The name of the holiday is associated with the veneration of the Christian Apostle Philip, as well as the gimmick - the so-called washout of roads and dampness characteristic of this time of year. The Apostle Philip is famous among Christians for his sermons and miraculous healings. The saint was born in Galia, he had 4 daughters endowed with the gift of prophecy. During his life, Saint Philip converted a huge number of pagans to the faith, received the rank of bishop and lived to a ripe old age. Despite the terrible condition of the roads in Rus', on this day it was necessary to take the grain to the mill. Grinding grain was hard manual labor, so work had to start as early as possible, otherwise the grain could go to waste. It was difficult to get to the mill in such weather, hence the use of the word “gimp” in the sense of a long tedious action with interference and obstacles. Gimp was also the name given to precious thread for embroidery, the production of which was not an easy task and took a lot of time. On Filippov's day, they watched for signs that predicted the weather: if snow fell during the day, a harsh snowy winter was expected, fog foreshadowed a thaw, and leaf fall promised a difficult year. Also, the leaves that had not fallen from the trees by this time spoke of approaching bad weather. They believed that the behavior of domestic animals could indicate the imminent onset of cold weather: the chicken puts its head under its wing or climbs onto the roost earlier than usual. On this day, it was customary to tell fortunes about family well-being based on weather changes. If the snow fell on Filippova and did not melt, then the family would have a good income in the spring. One could also hope for a good profit if one dared to walk along the ice crust that had by this time covered the surface of the river.

Disarmament Week

Day of Remembrance of the Fallen Testers of Rocket and Space Technology in Russia (Day of Remembrance of Rocket Scientists)

In 1988, the viral disease, which attacks the nervous system and causes wasting and paralysis of muscle tissue, was considered endemic in 125 countries. Thanks to WHO initiatives and polio vaccination, today the list of countries has been reduced to two - Pakistan and Afghanistan. Soviet epidemiologists and virologists M.P. simultaneously worked on the composition of vaccinations that could be used to prevent the disease. Chumakov and A.A. Smorodintsev, American specialists H. Koprowski, D.E. Salk and A. Sabin. In 1950, the scientists’ efforts were crowned with success. Hilary Koprowski came up with a vaccine for “infantile paralysis” based on a weakened virus, and Jonas Edward Salk came up with an inactivated one. Thanks to the vaccination campaign for children, which began after receiving a drug that causes the body to develop immunity against polio, there has been a 99% reduction in the incidence of polio worldwide. In honor of the invention of the vaccine, World Polio Day was established, which is celebrated on D. E. Salk’s birthday - October 24. The initiator of the celebration is the international non-profit organization Rotary International. In honor of World Polio Day, educational events are held in medical organizations and educational institutions to inform society about the prevention of the disease. During lectures, symposia and conferences, epidemiologists talk about the need for vaccination and the dire consequences that occur after the virus enters the human body. On October 24, printed materials are distributed that encourage people not to forget about the existence of the disease and ways to prevent it. Polio is most common in children under 5 years of age. Comprehensive vaccination with inactivated and oral drugs, which are available in most countries of the world free of charge, is intended to protect the younger generation from spinal paralysis. In the Russian Federation, children receive vaccinations at 3, 4 and 6 months. Scheduled revaccination is carried out when the child reaches the ages of one and a half, 4.5 and 6 years. People from all over the world are at risk of infection. Therefore, doctors and volunteers go to the most remote corners of the planet to vaccinate children, saving them from the disease. Their help is most often needed by the population of developing countries living below the poverty line. The polio virus is extremely rarely transmitted from an infected person to another person by airborne droplets. Most often, it enters the body with dirty water and contaminated food as a result of triggering the oral-fecal mechanism. Therefore, prevention of polio consists not only of timely vaccination, but also of observing personal hygiene rules. The public learns about these and other ways to combat the viral disease through the annual World Polio Day.

World Tripe Day

Day of Diplomatic Worker of Kyrgyzstan

Day of Standardization and Metrology Workers of Kyrgyzstan

Dashahra (Dussehra) in India (Dussehra, Durga Puja)

Orthodox holidays on October 24:

Memorial Day of St. Theophan the Confessor

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God “Water-Giver”

Memorial Day of St. Leo of Optina

Cathedral of the Venerable Optina Elders

Memorial Day of the Holy Apostle Philip from the age of 70