Since 2021, according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Father's Day is celebrated in Russia every third Sunday in October. For the first time, deputies and social activists spoke about the need to establish a solemn date in 2008 during the Year of the Family. The last Sunday of November is celebrated annually in Russia as Mother's Day. However, to strengthen the institution of family and traditional values, one holiday is clearly not enough. Father's Day is intended to highlight the role of the second parent and its importance in raising children. The tradition of honoring men who play the role of father, grandfather, uncle or stepfather in the family is inherent in the cultures of different nations. Thus, in the USA, Father's Day is celebrated every third Sunday in July. The law establishing it was signed in 1972 by President Richard Nixon, although the idea of ​​the celebration originated back in 1909. During Father’s Day, American fathers spend the day off with their families, without being distracted by work or other matters. Children give their fathers and grandfathers homemade cards or tools for the celebration, while adult offspring give them packs of cold beer and a hearty dinner with steak. In China, on Father's Day, the eldest men of the family are congratulated - respect and honor are given to grandfathers and great-grandfathers. In Australia and New Zealand, the holiday falls on the first Sunday in September and is accompanied by the presentation of flowers, chocolate or a tie to the head of the family at breakfast. The celebration ends with a trip between fathers and children into nature and active games. In Finland, houses are decorated with national flags for the holiday, and homemade pie appears on the table. On Father's Day, Finns remember men who have passed away and light candles on their graves. In Denmark, representatives of the stronger half of humanity go out into nature without their wives, go on walks or bike rides, and gather in pubs for a glass of beer. In Estonia and Sweden, on Father's Day, matinees are held in schools and kindergartens, and parents are given gifts - paper cut-out and painted cars or ties. In Italy the holiday falls on Saint Giuseppe's Day. In honor of the occasion, offspring give their fathers a bottle of expensive wine along with perfume or other male accessory. The inhabitants of the Apennines, like the French, consider themselves experts and great connoisseurs of the “nectar of the gods”. For Father's Day in Italy, a list of wines is compiled annually that are recommended to be given to dads as a gift. In honor of the celebration, billboards with congratulations appear on the streets of Brazil; the roads and buildings of Thailand are decorated with yellow flags - the color symbolizing the king of the country. In the country, the holiday in honor of the father coincides with the day of the birth of the supreme ruler on December 5, 1927. Both celebrations are widely celebrated by the king's subjects. What is the best gift for dad on the third Sunday in October? Father's Day in Russia is a very young holiday, the traditions of which have not yet developed. Of course, the best gift will be words of gratitude and declarations of love. On this day, adult children call their parents on the phone or visit their fathers in person. Younger offspring give their dads hand-made gifts, the value of which is disproportionately higher than those sold in stores. Celebrating Father's Day in Russia is an excellent occasion to pay tribute to the head of the family and thank him for everything he has done in the interests of children.

For the first time, Russian road workers had their own professional holiday in 1996. On October 14, 1996, in accordance with the Decree signed by the President of Russia, it was decided to celebrate the “Day of Road Transport and Road Workers.” According to the decision, this solemn day began to be celebrated annually every last Sunday of October. However, over time, both the name of the celebration and the date of its holding were changed. On March 23, 2000, after the signing of Decree No. 556 by the President of the Russian Federation, this holiday became known as “Road Workers’ Day,” and the date was moved to the third Sunday in October. This professional day affects the interests of a huge number of road workers and office employees. More than 3,000 enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership take care of the condition of roads in the Russian Federation. The road sector itself and related institutions of other industries provide employment to more than three quarters of a million people. Every third Sunday in October, people whose job responsibilities include taking care of the proper technical condition of highways and bridges celebrate their professional day. Graduates of special educational institutions wearing light-protective vests daily ensure the safe movement of vehicles and cargo along Russian roads, maintaining complex and extensive road communications between various settlements and infrastructure facilities. The profession itself implies responsibility and obligation for everyone involved in it. Indeed, during the construction and maintenance of highways, road workers must strictly comply with numerous requirements of construction rules, norms and standards reflected in the project documentation. After all, the slightest deviation from the technical conditions that are reflected in the project threatens numerous losses and an increase in potential danger for drivers and passengers. The importance of their work cannot be overestimated. Thanks to these humble workers, not only is trade turnover between various enterprises and retail outlets ensured, but also the right to free movement of goods and passengers guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Both the preservation of a single Russian and international economic space, as well as the solution of various social problems, as well as the implementation of love programs and projects for the development of both entire Russian regions and individual districts or settlements, depend on the condition of highways. During the annual professional gala day, the management of road enterprises and government agencies organize festive feasts. In their festive toasts and wishes for success in this responsible profession, colleagues congratulate their colleagues, they are awarded certificates and valuable prizes, and the best are awarded the title of “Honored Builder of the Russian Federation.”

Bakers, technologists, culinary specialists, food stylists, brewers, dough mixers, chefs and representatives of other professions related to the preparation of food and drinks celebrate their professional holiday every third Sunday in October. Food Industry Workers Day appeared a long time ago - back in the Soviet era. The holiday was established in 1966 by decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces. The state pays tribute to the importance of providing citizens with food products as one of the components of the country's security. Therefore, every third Sunday in October it is customary to honor employees of industrial enterprises and public catering outlets with a professional holiday. The need for high-quality and varied food among modern people is growing every year. Russian citizens want to eat a varied diet and see wholesome, tasty and healthy food on their tables. Therefore, thousands of factories in the country, bakeries and delis are constantly increasing their output and improving the quality of their products. The Russian food industry is one of the most advanced areas of economic activity - its enterprises most often undergo technological and technical renewal of production. The holiday is celebrated at the state level. Various events are held on Food Industry Worker Day - festivals, exhibitions, gala concerts, awarding certificates and gifts to the best specialists. The general public is introduced to little-known professions in the industry. These include, for example, remueurs (masters of shaking bottles of maturing champagne), deboners (specialists in separating meat from bones) and blenders, who mix together different types of wine, taking into account taste and other qualities. In Russia, such professions as chocolatier and pizzaiolo (pizza-making expert) have long ceased to be considered exotic. Process engineers, equipment designers, logisticians and representatives of other related professions are also directly involved in the work of food industry enterprises. All of them make a significant contribution to the development of the country and ensuring its food security. The food industry employs responsible and competent specialists who are aware of the full degree of responsibility for the health and well-being of the people who consume the results of their work. Chefs, technologists, bakers, developers of food additives, confectioners, winemakers, pizza makers and other craftsmen are congratulated every third Sunday in October on their professional holiday.

Harvest festival "Kirmes" in Germany

On October 15, the world community celebrates International White Cane Day, the establishment of which was facilitated by the efforts of the International Federation of the Blind. The white cane symbolizes people who are deprived of the joy of seeing. In many European countries and the United States, the middle of the last century was marked by the intensification of social government policies aimed at studying issues of improving the quality of life of people with disabilities. The outreach campaign resulted in the announcement of White Cane Day. It was first celebrated in the USA in 1964. Then this important initiative was picked up by other countries, and it acquired the status of a world date in 1970. There are about 170 million people on the planet who have lost their sight due to various circumstances, or who have been blind since birth. Thus, it is important to draw the attention of the world community to the special needs of the blind. The white cane, as a kind of assistant to a blind person, appeared in 1921. The idea of ​​its creation belongs to the blind Briton James Bigs. Having become blind as a result of an accident, he was forced to adapt to an independent life in the conditions that fate presented to him. Bigs realized that with his usual black walking cane he was no different from other passers-by, so he decided to modernize it. Painted white, the cane attracted the attention of others, which is especially important - drivers, performed a signaling function, thus providing Bigs with more confident movement and safety on the road. James began to advise this useful innovation to his “friends in misfortune.” The successful invention spread throughout England, other countries of Europe and America. In the 30s of the last century, active public activities aimed at the use of a white cane were launched in France. One of the associates of this movement was Gwillie d’Herbemont, who paid great attention to helping the blind. Over time, the white cane has evolved from a signal about a blind person into an effective means of orientation for the blind. For example, a long gun made it possible to study the road more thoroughly and carefully and adhere to landmarks. The sound of the impact and the sliding of the white assistant over the surface help the blind person to determine the presence of houses, trees, parked cars, steps, curbs, holes, and, therefore, to avoid obstacles along the route. The instrument for the blind was constantly modernized, qualitatively transforming. Wooden, cane, and bamboo products were replaced by steel, aluminum, fiberglass, and composite materials. They became lighter, but at the same time much stronger. The latest developments are electronic sensors that are equipped with “helpers” of the blind. Innovations are endowed with the ability to detect obstacles at a distance, informing their owner about them using a sound signal. So far, new scientific achievements in the field of transforming canes for the blind have not become widespread, since they have not yet reached perfection, and are also quite expensive. But there is no doubt that progress will move to help people with special needs. At the same time, the white cane will remain a symbol of a blind person. The main purpose of including this day in the international calendar is to remind the world community about the problems of people who, due to limited or lost vision, are deprived of the opportunity to contemplate the beauty of the world around them, to admire the riches of nature and architecture. It is the duty and responsibility of society to take care of them, to promote mainstreaming, integration and adaptation of people with special visual abilities in modern society. Traditionally, on this day, charity events, tournaments and competitions are held among people who are deprived of the ability to see, but selflessly want to live and enjoy our wonderful life. It is symbolic that the motto of this day is three important words: “Equality. Tolerance. Integration".

A simple hygiene procedure that mothers teach their children to do from infancy - hand washing - is an action that can save a person’s life. All over the world, namely in countries where there is still a problem with the water supply from diphtheria, which is better known in the world as “dirty hands disease,” thousands of children die every year. Also, tens of thousands of children around the world end up in infectious diseases hospitals because they did not wash their hands before eating or after using the toilet. It turns out that this procedure is quite important for people's health. After all, washing your hands with soap before eating means ridding your body of some of the germs that collect on our hands over time. Hands are a method of understanding the world for all people, and for children in particular. It is not surprising that they collect millions of microbes and bacteria, which children can send with food into the esophagus and further into their own body. The World United Nations, namely its Children's Fund, decided at one of its conferences in 2008 to proclaim October 15 as International Handwashing Day. From now on, on this day every year events are held, the purpose of which is to prevent diseases that can be caused by unwashed hands. So, once in Bangladesh about 53 thousand people washed their hands at the same time - this action was also aimed at ensuring that people in India, Africa, and Asian countries devote more time to their own hygiene. After all, diseases such as cholera, diphtheria, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, scabies, and a number of other very dangerous and unpleasant diseases can be avoided if you regularly use soap to clean your body. What can we say about countries where there is no running water, even if in our seemingly civilized society these diseases cannot be completely overcome to this day. People, remember - such a simple procedure as mandatory hand washing before eating and after using the toilet will save you from many unpleasant and painful sensations in the body, and your loved ones from the risk of contracting an unpleasant infection. So, October 15 is a good day to remind your children about the importance of hand washing - remind them with examples, talk about what benefits of civilization we have and how we should use them to protect ourselves and our loved ones from the threat of disease . Let's take advantage of these benefits!

Young people who study in higher education institutions celebrate several holidays throughout the year. This is Tatiana's Day, which falls on January 25, and International Student Day, celebrated on November 17. Celebrations are associated with youth, fun and the reckless life of university and institute students. Autumn also marks World Students' Day, which is associated with former Indian President A.P. J. Abdul Kalam Maraikayar. This scientist and politician led the largest country in South Asia from 2002 to 2007. Since November 2001, Kalam has been engaged in teaching and research activities at Anna University, located in Chennai in the Madras district. The professor, born on October 15, 1931, also worked in two other Indian universities as a visiting specialist. The teacher held meetings with students from institutes across the country, calling on young people to achieve achievements for the prosperity and development of India. World Student Day was established in honor and on the birthday of Abdul Kalam, a teacher and statesman who, despite all his regalia, wanted the world to remember him primarily as a teacher. Representatives of the student community have long been engaged not only in obtaining an education, passing exams and tests, and in scientific activities. University students played a major role in the social life of their countries. Student activists rose up against the Nazis in Prague in October 1939, and their Chinese counterparts formed the backbone of the resistance during the 1989 protests in central Beijing's Tiananmen Square. Long before that, the 1968 Red May in Paris had made the city a symbol of youth unrest. Amid a severe social crisis, thousands of students from French universities went on strike. The students were supported by university teachers, including famous contemporaries: philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Foucault. The protest grew into mass unrest, which, however, led to the resignation of Charles de Gaulle, a change of government, and economic and social reforms. Abdul Kalam believed that teachers are builders of society who instill good values ​​in life in students. Studying at the university for young people is a time of gaining knowledge, becoming, and forming them as integral individuals. The years of study at the institute are rightfully considered the best period of life. World Student Day, celebrated since 2010, is intended to draw the attention of young people to this wonderful time, which brings many discoveries, fun and new friends.

On October 15, one rather interesting holiday is celebrated annually all over the world - Improviser Day. This holiday is dedicated to poetry and aims to spread this art form. Improvisers were poets who, to the accompaniment of a musical instrument, read their poems on any given topic. And without any preparation or written notes. Any folk poet can be considered an improviser. Be it a bard or an akyn, a skald or a sesen. Almost all singer-storytellers, to one degree or another, can be called improvisers. However, Italian improvisers enjoyed the greatest popularity among the public. Especially in the era of romanticism. Currently, improvisational poets have not lost any of their former glory. To this day, improvisers are welcome guests at any receptions and celebrations. An improvisational poet is a person who is able to evoke certain emotions in the public. In addition, such a person is a rather non-standard person. A flexible mind and a large vocabulary allow the improvising poet to conduct his performances on almost any topic. It is not known for certain when exactly improvising poets appeared in Italy. However, it is known that at one time they were very popular. For example, the Pope (Lev 10) treated them warmly. Improvisational poets were welcome guests at the Vatican court. Improvisers were also warmly welcomed at the courts of various dukes. The most prominent Italian improvisational poet was Bernardo Accolti. He served as secretary at the papal court and was appointed apostolic scribe. Bernardo also composed lyric poems (canzones) and sonnets. Subsequently, he was even nicknamed Unico. Accolti's work was so loved by his compatriots that during his performance all the shops were closed and everyone came to listen to him. The golden age of improvisation, according to the Italian philosopher and intellectual Benedetto Croce, was considered to be the period from 1690 to 1840. In the 18th century, improvisation gained momentum and attracted great attention from foreigners. In those days, improvisational poets offered their services to visiting foreigners and made good money from it. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, improvisation was at its peak in popularity. In the era of romanticism, the spiritual and creative component of human life was valued. During that era, successful improvisers were so popular that theaters were packed with fans. Successful improviser Tommaso Sgricci even had to perform surrounded by bodyguards. In Russia, the phenomenon of improvisation was not as widely known as in Europe. The Russian population could follow the art of improvisation only through notes in the magazine press. However, with the arrival of the German Max Langenschwartz, some interest in improvisation arose in secular society. The German’s performances aroused considerable interest among the public, thereby giving rise to a fleeting passion for this art. In this regard, Russian writers also began to speak out about improvisation. Improviser's Day is a celebration of creativity! This is a holiday that attracts capable and talented people to participate. It allows you to unleash your creative potential. An improviser's holiday is always able to please participants and spectators.

October 15 is International Rural Women's Day. The idea of ​​creating a holiday originated in Beijing in 1995. However, it received official status only in 2007 under resolution No. A/RES/62/136. The UN General Assembly designated this holiday as “Improvement of the status of women in rural areas.” More than a quarter of the total population of the Earth are women living in villages and villages. Almost 80% are below the poverty line. Providing women with access to agricultural resources helps reduce hunger and poverty in many families. Village women have a limited choice of educational, medical, and banking services. Often they cannot count on the protection of their rights and interests. International Day of Rural Women is a reminder of the millions of rural women whose daily hard work and social contributions remain unappreciated. Village workers are engaged not only in the land. They teach children, run households, and work in hospitals and shops. The role of women in Russia has always been significant. Women, deprived of a man's shoulder during wars and revolutions, were engaged in the construction of roads and houses, worked in factories, in fields, raised children and survived as best they could, with one goal - to restore their native land. Currently, the problems of rural workers are being quickly resolved. Comprehensive support is provided: in obtaining education, medical services, and developing small businesses. Every year, mini-productions, shops, private kindergartens and schools are opened, run by women. For village women, a holiday is not a reason to have a day off. On October 15, thematic meetings and public events are usually held, such as: • exhibitions of agricultural products; • fairs with village goods; • seminars dedicated to a specific problem. At exhibitions and fairs, agricultural technology and breeding animals are presented: goats, horses, birds, fur-bearing animals. They offer to purchase natural, environmentally friendly products: cottage cheese, cheese, butter, berries, fruits and vegetables. They sell handmade products: amulets, jewelry, clothes. Often on this day activists and government officials gather around a round table. Thanks to a mutual focus on results, these discussions, in most cases, end with important decisions being made. In order for agriculture to flourish, so that young girls do not leave their native lands, but are engaged in their development, it is necessary to modernize equipment, improve the living and working conditions of rural women, and take care of their health.

The pink ribbon is considered an international symbol of the fight against breast cancer. Breast cancer kills more than 6 million women every year. It ranks first among malignant tumors leading to death. Prevention, as well as early detection of pathology, increases women’s chances of recovery.

October 15 is celebrated as Autumn Leaves Gathering Day. This funny holiday can be called romantic, because mid-autumn is the optimal time to enjoy the beauty of yellow leaves. You can invite your significant other to take a walk through the park and together look for beautiful specimens of nature withering away in the winter. Each leaf is unique and unusual - differences in shape, color, veins. You can fantasize about what exactly each specimen looks like and search the Internet for information about various trees. This holiday was most likely invented by a person with a romantic nature who loves nature in all its manifestations. The day of collecting autumn leaves will appeal to people who are accustomed to seeing beauty in little things. Such people value life in all its manifestations, are always happy to help, and see the world through the prism of romance and love. All specimens collected after a walk can be arranged into bouquets, herbariums, appliqués, and head wreaths can be made. Ready-made bouquets of leaves should be placed in water so that they delight with their beauty longer. Another good option for celebrating is a photo shoot in an autumn park. You can arrange a photo shoot with your significant other, family members, friends, acquaintances, colleagues. The most important thing is to take a good mood with you. The main idea of ​​the holiday is to enjoy the beauty of nature and the riot of autumn colors, because in a couple of months winter will begin to dictate its rules to the weather. You shouldn’t indulge in autumn depression and mope, even if not everything is going well in your life at the moment. Try to compare your problems with the life of a tree - the plant simply sheds its withered leaves so that new and beautiful ones grow in the spring. It is possible that you also need to forget about your adversities - by throwing away the old from your life, you make room for something new. After your walk, you can hide under a blanket at home, make a cup of fruit tea, and watch one of the films about autumn. For example, “Autumn in New York”, “Legends of Autumn”, “Home in New York”, “Pride and Prejudice”, “Sweet November”. Review your family photos, remember past autumns. There is no need to rush anywhere - set aside at least an hour to enjoy the autumn calm and tranquility. If you don’t have the opportunity to take a walk in the park, then you can limit yourself to drinking tea with your family - you can look at the trees from the window.

The holiday is associated with the names of the martyrs Cyprian and Justina. According to popular beliefs, on this day it was possible to get rid of evil spells. It is not for nothing that October 15 was sometimes called the Day of Purification from Obsessions. Usually women turned to Ustinya in prayer, and men to Cuprian. You couldn’t quarrel with Kupriyan, otherwise you could bring trouble on yourself.

The loss of a baby is a terrible grief and pain that is shared with fathers and mothers by their families and friends. Thousands of women around the world face spontaneous abortions and newborn deaths. These include Michelle Obama, Gwyneth Paltrow, Nicole Kidman and other celebrities.

When the Sun passes 23 degrees of Libra, the Fifth Gahanbar is celebrated, dedicated to Mithras. This is a Zarvan-Zoroastrian holiday, which is called the Day of Choice. Since all the holidays of Zoroastrianism are subject to the movement of the Sun along the Zodiacal circle and are celebrated when the Sun passes a certain degree, the date of celebration may vary by 1-2 days depending on the year. It is believed that when passing 23 degrees of Libra (this happens on October 15-16), the Sun activates a point that embodies the principles of order, law and justice. The Great Ized Mithra, to whom this day is dedicated, regulates human relations, establishes peace, protects marriages, preserves friendship, the sanctity of the contract and severely punishes those who violate their oath. It is believed that no lie can hide from Mithras, associated with the sun's rays, so he carries out posthumous judgment over dead people, weighing his good and evil deeds on the scales. Therefore, Zoroastrians treat this word responsibly and do not throw around promises in vain. They follow the rule: look after your partner's interests before your own and do not harm living beings. It is believed that October is especially favorable for starting a family and concluding any other contractual relationships between people. These days also favor all those who seek justice. In the month dedicated to Mithras, all Zoroastrians strictly observe the law and obey the requirements of religious ritual. The celebration of Gahanbra Mitra begins late at night on October 15 and continues until sunrise the next day. It is believed that on this sacred night people are freed from their demons, renounce their vices and delusions, and make their conscious choice between Good and Evil. Traditionally, on this festive night they take an oath and light 5 lights that personify the Law. When pronouncing the oath, women kneel on their right knee, and men on their left, facing east, and then partake of uncut consecrated bread and haoma. Haoma is a wine that is prepared specially for the holiday in a large honey bowl. All those gathered bring wine with them and pour it into one vessel. The wine is mixed, spices, water and berry juice are added to it. Haoma is scooped up with a silver spoon and eaten with halva with nuts. Since the main meaning of gahanbars is to express gratitude for seasonal gifts, the main dishes at the Mithra festival are sweets, fruits and vegetables. Pomegranates and apples are obligatory treats, but eating meat dishes on this night is prohibited. It is also forbidden to jump over a fire, since fire is sacred on this day. But you can dance in circles and sing songs. The Night of Choice ends at dawn with the launch of fireworks.

Kiosks were installed on the streets of major cities of the Soviet Union, where local residents or visitors could turn to obtain information. In the "City Information" bureau one could find out about the place of residence or telephone number of the wanted person, the departure time of the train or the interval of the trams. It is precisely this kiosk that Pasha Gusarov, a guy in love with the main character of the film “Girl Without an Address,” turns to to get information. Such services were available to all Soviet citizens - their cost was 15-30 kopecks, depending on the complexity of the issue. The predecessors of information pavilions in the USSR are considered to be the address offices of Tsarist Russia, formed under the city police on October 15, 1809. This service was responsible for registering people who arrived to work for hire in Moscow and St. Petersburg and issued them, according to the decree of Alexander I, tickets for the right to reside in these cities . In 1839, the offices of the Northern capital were transformed into targeted expeditions, in which desks were opened. People turned here when they wanted to find out about the place of residence of a person living in St. Petersburg. In May 1861, similar institutions appeared in Moscow. Information for the directory books of address tables was provided by janitors, block supervisors, and owners and managers of residential buildings. In 1888, the offices were closed, only to reopen and start working after the revolution of 1917. In the USSR, address offices worked in city police departments. With the advent of the Internet, the collection, storage and distribution of information moved to a more high-tech direction. However, the department’s employees, just like a hundred years ago, fulfill the duties assigned to them by the state. October 15 marks the Day of the creation of the address and reference service of the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation. The date of the holiday coincides with the appearance in 1809 of offices at the city police of the two capitals of the Russian Empire. Until 2004, the information service was subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Further, the authority to organize its activities was transferred to the FMS, which dealt with migration issues in the Russian Federation. Since 2016, the address and reference service has been part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Information from its database can be obtained through State Services or during a personal visit to the Internal Affairs Directorate. Currently, help desk workers provide services using automated information systems. IT technologies are used to process data about the location or residence of any person, storing the available information in the database for 25-50 years from the current date. Colleagues and relatives congratulate professionals who are engaged in collecting and processing information on October 15 on the Day of Creation of the FMS Address and Information Service.

Chromosome Duplication Syndrome Day (World Idic15 Awareness Day)

Day of Workers of the Pharmaceutical and Microbiological Industry of Belarus

Teacher's Day in Brazil

Evacuation Day in Tunisia

Navaratri - Nine Nights of Autumn in India (Sharad Navaratri)

Orthodox holidays on October 15:

Day of the Hieromartyr Cyprian and the Holy Martyr Justina

Memorial Day of the Holy Righteous Warrior Theodore Ushakov

Memorial Day (Repose) of St. Cassian of Uglich