The first to come to the aid of the patient, but not the doctor. Who is this? The correct answer is paramedic. This specialist can be called a physician's assistant. He has a secondary medical education, can provide emergency care, make a preliminary diagnosis and refer the patient to the appropriate specialist. On February 21 in Russia, paramedics celebrate their professional holiday. The word "paramedic" comes from the German word "feld" - field. Initially, paramedics were doctors (usually surgeons) who provided medical care to wounded soldiers directly on the battlefield, that is, a paramedic was a field doctor, and later a military doctor. These specialists were forced to work in extreme conditions. Quite often, they provided assistance to the wounded directly during the battle, risking their own lives. Modern paramedics are already fighting on another front line - they help patients with diagnostics, referring them to a specialist in a narrow field, thereby saving valuable time. In the Russian Empire, paramedics also started out as military doctors. In 1741, the first set of students was opened in domestic hospitals, who were taught the specifics of caring for wounded soldiers. After studying, they were awarded the title of paramedics. Almost half a century later, such specialists began to be recruited from among the smartest soldiers. At that time, paramedics were an average non-combatant rank. They did not have the same knowledge as military doctors, but they could provide emergency medical care if they were not nearby. Each regiment was required to be staffed with 2-3 paramedics. When the war with Napoleon began, senior and junior paramedics appeared, whose rank corresponded to senior and junior non-commissioned officers. They were often rewarded for their success with bonuses. Peasants quite often became paramedics. It is interesting that initially this rank was not in the Table of Ranks, but after 1815 specialists who performed very well in medical practice were elevated to class 14. A year later, the first school for paramedics was opened in the Russian Empire at the Moscow military hospital. It allocated 150 places for future doctors. Twenty years later, the Ministry of War adopted further amendments, and schools for these specialists became independent educational institutions. In Russia, as in the USSR, in addition to the ordinary paramedic, there are two more professions - paramedic-obstetricians and paramedic-laboratory assistants. The training programs for these specialists are more narrowly focused and simplified. As the names make clear, the former work in maternity hospitals, and the latter in laboratories. What are the responsibilities of a paramedic? If the doctor is not nearby, the specialist literally takes his place. Typically, paramedics can be found in rural areas that do not have their own hospitals. A person from the outback does not always have the opportunity to go to a regional or district center, especially since the game may not be worth the candle, that is, the problem can be solved on the spot. In such cases, paramedics are simply irreplaceable. They conduct medical practice, receive patients, conduct primary diagnostics and prescribe treatment or issue a referral to see a doctor. Paramedics can perform simple operations - tracheal intubation, delivery, suturing, tracheostomy and jugular vein puncture. This specialist also has the right to perform defibrillation, ECG, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In some cases, they collect tests. In the presence of a doctor, the paramedic becomes his assistant, who carries out the doctor's instructions. They usually simply assist in moving patients, but with extensive experience, some specialists can assist in operations. During wars, many paramedics died on the battlefields, but thanks to their dedication and courage, thousands of soldiers were saved. In peacetime, these specialists remain faithful to their profession and continue to fight for the lives of patients, but now on a different front line.

Who among us doesn’t like to travel: walk along beautiful streets, take pictures of ancient monuments with a camera or video camera, dine in a cozy restaurant, learning the features of an unfamiliar cuisine; and upon returning home, share your experiences with relatives and friends. However, without the help of a professional guide, all this is unrealistic, since neither information signs for museum exhibits, nor half-assembled phrases of foreigners are able to give a complete picture of unknown objects. Every year on February 21, guides around the world accept congratulations and souvenirs on the occasion of their professional date - International Guide Day. Back in the middle of the last century, almost any person with education and knowledge in the history of a particular city or state could become a guide. Therefore, teachers, philologists and even students of historical universities often worked as guides. But subsequently, namely the 70s, the requirements for the professional quality of guides were significantly increased, and people who had gone through a complex preparatory process began to be called guides. Today, representatives of this profession are trained by several higher educational institutions in the state. The tour guides are educated individuals, most often with a scientific degree. A professional guide must meet a number of qualities. First of all, these are good skills in a certain field, for example, the history of a particular era. At the same time, the guide needs to easily navigate several sciences: history, geography and culture. Clear, correct speech, excellent memory, the ability to communicate easily with strangers, hard work, patience and determination are also included in the list of the main qualities that a guide should have. During employment, certain health restrictions are also taken into account. If an applicant for the position of a tour guide has hearing impairments, problems with the musculoskeletal system or pronunciation, he is unlikely to be hired. Every year on February 21, many countries, especially those that act as tourist centers, celebrate International Guide Day and organize all sorts of events dedicated to this date. In particular, walking tours along fascinating routes are organized in Slovakia. In Latvia, everyone is offered free excursions through the streets of the capital city. And in the UAE, sightseeing tours of the most beautiful mosques in the country are organized. Russian representatives of the tourism sector also celebrate their professional holiday. On this day, seminars are usually held where participants discuss the main problems and prospects of their field, and also exchange personal experiences.

It’s easy to rejoice at happy moments, but it’s hard to thank fate for the difficulties and difficulties sent. But they are the ones who strengthen character and help achieve their goals despite everything. “No one is your friend, no one is your enemy, but every person is your teacher,” said Socrates. Gratitude for events with a plus or minus sign is a great power. It attunes a person to the course of life and helps to see the positive in everything that happens. It's not easy to understand that troubles are just as good and important as the joyful moments of life. The appropriate time to realize this philosophical statement is February 21, when the Feast of Life is celebrated. In the film “Office Romance,” lines from a poem by its director, E. Ryazanov, were heard for the first time: The author, talking about the history of the creation of the song “Nature Has No Bad Weather,” complained that, as a rule, sad, even bitter poems came to him. E. Ryazanov explained it this way: he spends “fun and cheerful forces” on creating comedies, and sadness, which also requires expression, finds a way out in poetry. Happiness and sorrow, like good and evil, are two sides of the same coin. They cannot exist without each other and always walk side by side. Celebrating life means accepting any of its manifestations and feeling gratitude for everything sent by fate. You can enjoy not only its gifts, but also its failures and defeats, because no one knows for sure how today’s sorrows and disappointments will resonate in the future. What seems vitally necessary and desirable in youth is assessed completely differently in adulthood. “God took it away,” they often say about situations when circumstances have developed in a way favorable to a person. Thanking fate for these and similar events is one of the ways to celebrate the Holiday of Life. F.I. Tyutchev wrote: Human existence is fleeting, and by the standards of the Universe in general - a moment. Therefore, feel free to celebrate life in all its manifestations here and now on February 21! Thank fate for good luck, sad and joyful moments, minor victories and major defeats - all these threads from which the fabric of existence is woven. If the festive mood has not come to you, you should listen to the recommendations of the philosopher and psychologist E. Fromm: “And those who do not see that life is beautiful just need to jump higher!”

Achieving inner balance and happiness are important life resources that are necessary to unlock human potential. A woman’s self-realization in the role of mother and wife is no less important than her achievement of creative heights or career growth. Representatives of the fair half of humanity generously share their delight in having their hopes and desires come true with those around them. Women's Happiness Day is celebrated three times a year: February 21, June 11 and October 18. This holiday is a celebration of love, harmony, joy and self-realization. There is no one-size-fits-all recipe for happiness. One woman dreams of getting married, another - having a child, a third - organizing an exhibition of her paintings, and a fourth - going on a trip around the world. All these goals are real and quite achievable if you follow the simple advice of psychologists: • love yourself - remember that nature created you unique and inimitable, stop worrying about not meeting the beauty standards of the modern world imposed by mass culture; • start paying more attention to your needs; work and family can sometimes wait; • stop communicating with toxic people - learn to say “no”, defending personal boundaries; • use your feminine strength instead of male behavior patterns - charm, sensuality and empathy to achieve goals; • find yourself a hobby or a place of strength - hobbies and being in the company of a close friend are the components of happiness. March 20th is the International Day of Happiness. The solemn date was established by the UN in 2012. However, it is World Women's Happiness Day that is used to celebrate the personal achievements of the fair half of humanity. Each representative of the fairer sex has her own values ​​that she protects and goals that she strives for. In Russian culture, family comes first in a woman’s life. The husband and children are, of course, a very important resource that confirms the implementation of the most important function - procreation. However, a friendly family, prosperity and comfort in the home are not all that a woman needs to be happy. Personal achievements in the professional sphere, creativity and other areas of life where she can demonstrate her talents and abilities are important to her. World Women's Happiness Day emphasizes the importance of self-realization of the fair half of humanity. On October 18, on World Women's Happiness Day, it is customary to give flowers and gifts, to say pleasant words to mothers and grandmothers, sisters and friends, instilling in them optimism and faith in the future. On this day, stories are published, posts are posted and thematic videos are posted on social networks. Share the story of your achievements with other girls and women, inspire them with your own example and instill faith that happiness is achievable!

Today, all we hear is the praise of multitasking and how we get as much done as possible in as many areas as possible in one day. This often results in a pile of unfinished tasks or tasks completed but not in optimal shape. A single-tasking day encourages us to take a break from multitasking and focus on completing one task that day as best we can. Single Task Day arose in response to the prevalence of multitasking habits that exist in modern society. The dangers of multitasking have been well documented and have been demonstrated time and time again in that our work becomes substandard and leaves us even more exhausted, even though we get far less done than we could if we were focusing on just one task. There is something about focusing and shutting out all other distractions that allows us to perform at our best. A single-tasking day is a day where you only need to do one thing at a time. Multitasking interferes with the brain's ability to focus, predisposes us to make mistakes, and makes it difficult to learn new information. Multitasking also causes projects to take longer because we are constantly starting something new and have to refocus. The term multitasking was coined by David Strayer, a cognitive neuroscientist and professor at the University of Utah. Dr. James Rose, a naturopathic physician, author of Think, Eat, Move, Thrive and co-founder of Healthy Skoop, says that “we finish about 50 percent less when we try to tackle multiple tasks at once instead of focusing on each one.” of them separately." A single-task day is a day when you need to do one thing at a time. The best way to celebrate is to take a break from all the distractions that come with multitasking and simply focus on one task at a time. Find the most pressing task in your life and make today “the day” to get it done. You will be pleasantly surprised at how successful you can be when you put your all into one task. A single task day is your freedom from the shackles of multitasking, relax, be productive and have fun!

The list of public holidays of the Republic of Belarus includes the Day of Workers of Land Management and Cartographic and Geodetic Services, celebrated annually on February 21. It was approved by the President of the Republic A.G. Lukashenko on September 17, 2001. The oldest professional land management and cartographic service in Belarus has been run for many years by workers who painstakingly carry out this most important work to improve all existing land relations. The activities of geologists, land managers, geographers, historians are impossible without clear, informative data, which this service provides. Belarusian surveyors, topographers and cartographers create unique geodetic and cartographic materials that are of strategic importance for the country's defense capability. Their painstaking work has ancient traditions, because the very first documented evidence of sovereign land acts date back to the end of the 14th century. According to them, even then the Belarusians, who were called riders, were measuring the land and drawing up maps of the territories of Belarus. Carefully compiled maps, whether topographical, physical, or political, are currently indispensable. They are the main source of reliable, factual information for the military, builders, geologists, tourists and ordinary schoolchildren. Therefore, this work of people is so important and valuable for the entire population, because it represents, in full view, our countries and the whole world, in its present, physical embodiment. The competence of the State Property Committee of Belarus includes the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of all kinds of land relations, geodesy, cartography, and detailed maps are drawn up. In addition, the department is also involved in state registration of real estate, which is both privately owned and administered by the Republic of Belarus. Currently, there are 47 organizations working in this area, with 8 thousand specialists. The ancient profession of land surveyor today has been significantly transformed: geographers, architects, cadastral registrars, appraisers, real estate specialists, economists and lawyers work tirelessly in it. Historical experience in the development of land relations in Belarus and other countries clearly shows that careful order in the economically productive use of land, their rational reorganization, carried out in the interests of all land owners, can be ensured exclusively under control of government authorities. The main task of all Belarusian land managers is to promote national values ​​- to teach to value and protect their native land, to properly organize its environmental management in order to preserve it, alive and flourishing, for centuries for future generations.

A throwing weapon in the form of a curved stick first appeared among the Australian aborigines more than 10 thousand years ago. The special shape of the boomerang helped Indians and Egyptian hunters accurately hit the target. Pharaoh Tutankhamun's collection included about 3,000 shells, some of which he took with him to the duat - the afterlife. The "valaitadi" ("bent stick"), made from the branches of acacia and eucalyptus or elephant ivory, was used in ancient India. An unusual holiday has been established in honor of the device, which has been used for centuries as a combat and hunting weapon. February 21 is celebrated as a fun Boomerang Flight Day. The trajectory of the throwing club depends on the aerodynamic forces created on its blades. To return the boomerang to the place where it was thrown, there must be from 2 to 6 pieces. Ancient people before the Neolithic era made this device from wood which was sanded, burned and bent to give the required shape. Australian aborigines made boomerangs from stained casuarina ("iron wood"), and painted images of animals, plants and sacred symbols on the handle and blades. The oldest cave paintings of humans with this projectile, found in caves in France and Australia, are between 30,000 and 50,000 years old. The boomerang was used for digging earth, making fire, creating ritual music and playing with children. Today it is used by Puebo Indians, African and Australian aboriginal tribes when hunting rabbits and birds. Souvenir products painted with drawings and various symbols are equated to works of art. Sports equipment is used for entertainment and development of manual dexterity. The Australian Boomerang Throwing Federation was founded in 1969. Member Tim Lendrum set the world record in the 2007 Australian round. During the First World War, Australia's Indigenous people were conscripted into the British Royal Army. In the chronicles of that time there are records of their use of a boomerang grenade on the battlefield. The duration of the gun's flight was 100 meters. In the USA and Australia, sports competitions are held every two years in throwing boomerangs, the weight of which reaches 75-100 kg. Participants shooting down moving targets need to accurately calculate the angle of inclination and weight of the projectile so that it flies in the desired direction. No wonder the Australian proverb says: “When you hold a boomerang in your hand, you hold the sky with the other end.” French and German astronauts tried to launch a projectile in space. It turned out that he flies well in zero gravity. The flight of a boomerang resembles the movement of a bird. Therefore, it is a pleasure to follow him. This is what all romantically minded people do in honor of Boomerang Flight Day.

According to the folk calendar, on February 21 (February 8, old style), the holiday of Zakhar the Sickle is celebrated. This event took its name from the Orthodox date of honoring the memory of one of the 12 minor prophets - Zechariah the Sickle-Seer, who lived 520 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. From a young age, Zechariah served the Lord, for which he received the gift of foresight. His prophetic works carried predictions about the Savior, about the life of the Messiah on earth and his suffering for human sins. Once Zechariah told how in visions he saw a scroll rising into the air, its shape resembling a sickle, after which they began to call him the Sickle Seer. Among the people of Zakhar the Serpovidets, the sickle deserved special attention, as it was considered an important assistant in harvesting. It was taken out of its bins and prepared for summer work in advance: they checked whether it was broken, removed dirt, sharpened the edge, and sprinkled it with water blessed in the temple. So that it would bring more harvest during the harvest, the sickle was shown to the month at night. The people believed that the prophet Zechariah was returning to earth on this day to check the condition of the sickles to see if they were ready for the harvest. The women turned to Saint Zakhar with a request to give a rich grain harvest in the summer. They also believed that the sickle, an iron and sharp implement, was a good weapon against evil spirits. It was used to drive away evil spirits by sticking into a door frame or blocking a stove vent. Girls and boys spent the evening at get-togethers and talked. The day was prosperous for wedding celebrations and feasting. It was forbidden to perform surgical operations on Zakhar the Serpovidets, otherwise there could be a bad outcome. Healers could remove damage and the evil eye on a given day. They used signs to navigate the future weather. If there was a frosty day, residents prepared for the end of winter. The appearance of frost foreshadowed good honey harvests. The creeping smoke on the ground promised an impending blizzard. If geese were swimming in the snowdrifts or a dog was rolling out, the onset of heat was expected. The stronger the frost on Zakhar Serpovidets, the warmer the coming March will be.

The international educational organization UNESCO, which belongs to the specialized agencies of the United Nations for education, science and culture, proclaimed in 1999 February 21 to be celebrated throughout the world as International Mother Language Day. The UNESCO General Conference chose this day as a sign of memory and solidarity with the demonstrators who took to the streets on February 21, 1952 in Dhaka (Bangladesh) to demand that the country's authorities recognize their native language Bengali as the state language. But, unfortunately, this student demonstration was brutally suppressed, and then people died from police bullets. In the international calendar, Mother Language Day calls on all countries, on all continents of the Earth, to actively and purposefully develop, and in all possible ways, support actions, actions, movements that will be aimed at respect, tolerance, and protection of all known groups of languages, and, in particular, those that are now at the stage of extinction. According to the UN, there are about six thousand languages ​​on our planet, not counting the numerous dialects. According to many linguist experts, half of them are capable of disappearing by the end of the 21st century, which means that humanity on Earth may lose with them the most ancient, important knowledge and teachings contained in folk languages. An international group of linguistic scientists has created a unique Atlas of the World's Languages, which is full evidence that the real disappearance of languages ​​is taking place in almost all regions of the world, regardless of the conditions of their cultural and economic development. The information collected in this Atlas showed all people that developed countries such as the USA, India, Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico have the largest number of languages ​​and dialects that are in danger of completely disappearing from the face of the Earth. And this despite the fact that in the territories of these countries there are a great many active, spoken languages. Here in Russia, more than 130 languages ​​are already in quite serious danger, 22 of them still exist, on the verge of extinction, and 15 are finally recognized as dead, such as: the Ainu language, the Akkala language, Kamas, the Kerek language and others. The threat of extinction hangs over the Selkup, Chulym-Turkic, East Mansi, Negidal, and Oroch languages. The negative trend towards the extinction of languages ​​in the very near future, unfortunately, will only intensify, because they can survive if at least 100,000 people constantly communicate in them. Often, the extinction of languages ​​was caused by the anti-people policy of rulers to achieve by all means the unification of their countries, in which they forced their population to use only one language. The most important goal of International Mother Language Day is to protect endangered languages ​​as much as possible; it is very relevant today: approximately two languages ​​disappear every month in the world.

Orthodox holidays on February 21:

Memorial Day of the Holy Great Martyr Theodore Stratilates

Memorial Day of Prophet Zechariah the Sickle-Seer of the 12 Minor Prophets