The Day of the Formation of the Russian Treasury originated in 1992, when on December 8, Russian President Boris Yeltsin approved the Decree “On the Federal Treasury.” The prototype of this service originated in Ancient Rus'. Then treasurers began to appear everywhere in noble courts. Their professional functions included the protection of financial assets and other valuables. With the growth and establishment of the state, the increase in its wealth, the role of treasurers became increasingly important. The first state courts arose in the 15th century under Ivan III. They were affected by changes during the time of Peter I - as soon as tax revenues began to flow into the treasury, he ordered the creation of a Treasury (Accounts) office. There were significant transformations during Catherine II’s tenure on the throne. By her order, state chambers appeared everywhere in 1755. They were given the authority to collect and maintain taxes and other duties locally. Alexander I in 1821 created the State Treasury Department within the Ministry of Finance. It subsequently became the core of a large treasury system in our country. With the reforms of the 60-70s of the 19th century, the ideas of budget unity and rationalization were embodied, incomes and expenses became open. As a result, a significant restructuring of the treasury service began, as a result of which the treasury confidently established itself in the state financial system. Over time, the state's financial system became more complex, which significantly strengthened the role of treasuries. Then updated laws and acts regulating their work came into force. Nowadays, the Federal Treasury is an executive body. In accordance with the legislation, carries out law enforcement functions to ensure the execution of the federal budget, monitors compliance with budget legislation, performs cash services for the execution of budgets, monitors transactions with federal budget funds, ensures the turnover of budget funds coming from the federal center to the regions, and prepares reporting documents. The Treasury is one of the fundamental departments that ensures the stable existence of the state and creates conditions for the development of all spheres and areas of the country’s activities. Traditionally, on Treasury Day, attention is paid to its employees. Managers at various levels congratulate the best employees, veterans of the Federal Treasury of Russia, note their special contribution to the development of the country and analyze the most successfully implemented programs.

The world holiday of creative workers of the brush and easel - Artist's Day - was declared in 2007. This holiday was proclaimed by the World Association “Art of the Peoples of the World”. The founder of this association is Nikolai Izosimych Kornilov. This holiday is very young, since this significant event took place only in 1988.

Time travel is one of the most popular science fiction plots. A machine for moving people into the future was described back in 1895 by G. Wells. The prototype of the device, a certain hippograph, is present in the 1836 novel by A.F. Veltman "Ancestors of Kalimeros". Travel into the past and future is at the heart of many Hollywood blockbusters. The idea and the possibility of its implementation have been troubling the minds of scientists, historians and ordinary people not associated with science for decades. Therefore, on December 8, a funny holiday is celebrated - Pretend to be a Time Traveler Day. Chronocycle, temporal spiral, chronoportation chamber, chronoscaphe are some of the many names of units for moving into the past or future, described in fiction. According to one legend, Doctor Faustus escapes with Helen of Troy from Mephistopheles on a “time ship.” The hero of R. Bradbury's novel "A Sound of Thunder" travels back in time in a special machine for hunting dinosaurs. However, scientists believe that time travel is possible without the use of technology. Despite the fantastic nature of the idea, secret experiments on the teleportation of people and objects have long been carried out by the secret services of a number of countries. Research into the possibilities of traveling into the future was carried out in 1943-1983 at a secret US military base located near the city of Montauk. The subjects' brains were trained with high-frequency radio pulses, after which the person's consciousness (soul) was separated from the body and moved to another time. Not all people were able to remember participating in the experiments in Montauk, because... their memory was erased. Many of those who traveled through time portals did not return. One of the eyewitnesses, engineer Preston Nichols, only remembered years later that he worked as the technical director of the project for more than 10 years and wrote a book about it. Montauk was a large-scale continuation of the Philadelphia Experiment. At the US Navy base in Pennsylvania in 1943, a large-scale experiment was carried out to move a destroyer in time and space. The Eldridge ship and its crew were placed in an “electromagnetic bubble”, after which it disappeared and appeared more than 400 kilometers away in Norfolk, Virginia. The study ended disastrously for the military personnel - the surviving participants in the experiment became confused by their experiences. One of the terrifying details is that, according to the recollections of eyewitnesses, after the “resurrection” of the destroyer, they saw parts of the bodies of crew members soldered into the walls of the cabins and the skin of the ship. Writer Ray Bradbury metaphorically warned people about the dangers of time travel. In his novel, the death of a butterfly accidentally crushed by a dinosaur hunter in the past led to global changes in the future. The scientific and technological progress of mankind is proceeding by leaps and bounds, so it can lead to the realization of the dream of traveling in time. However, this is not only a wonderful opportunity to explore the unknown, but also a great responsibility. Pretend to be a Time Traveler Day inspires belief that time travel may well become a reality, but people must imagine the consequences of such “tourism” to the past and future.

“I know that I know nothing,” said Socrates. “But people imagine that they know something, but it turns out that they know nothing.” This wise saying has come to us through the centuries thanks to the treatises of the idealist philosopher Plato. December 8th is the Day of Great Unknowing. This holiday draws attention to how large the area of ​​the unknown and misunderstood is even among the most educated people with a high level of intelligence. What does Socrates' aphorism tell us? The great thinker argued that the more a person learns, the more clearly he understands how little he knows about any subject or phenomenon. One cannot but agree with this statement. New knowledge gives rise to new questions, increasing the volume of the unknown. Any thinking and critical person can admit this. Do we need to constantly expand our own ideas about life, objects and phenomena, the laws of existence? Yes, because thanks to this process evolution occurs. However, the Bible says: “In much wisdom there is much sorrow; and he who increases knowledge increases sorrow.” This phrase is interpreted quite widely. On the one hand, a person, armed with theory and empirical knowledge, understands how imperfect and unfair the world is. And this really gives rise to dissatisfaction, sorrow and mental tossing. On the other hand, by overcoming the boundaries of the unknown, it is easy to cause suffering to many people. Work on the creation of a hydrogen bomb in the middle of the last century took the form of a real intellectual race in which the leading world powers participated. Victory went to the Soviet Union. What marked the invention of the bomb by scientist A.D. Sakharov - the appearance of terrible weapons that could bring humanity to the brink of survival, or the opportunity to use thermonuclear fusion for peaceful purposes? Ecclesiastes was truly right when he argued that much knowledge increases suffering. However, the human spirit is capable of overcoming them. L.N. Tolstoy wrote in his book “On Truth, Life and Behavior”: “Fear not ignorance, but false knowledge. It is better to know nothing than to consider as true what is not true.” The writer warned his contemporaries and descendants about the danger of delusion that a person who overestimates the level of his own intelligence and education can fall into. Therefore, it is useful to doubt even common truths. As well as admitting ignorance, giving impetus to your own development. The holiday, which is celebrated on December 8, is a fun and at the same time deeply philosophical celebration. The day of great ignorance teaches us to be surprised at the world, its depth and diversity. Humanity does not yet have answers to many questions. However, they will certainly be found, posing new mysteries for people, because “what we know is limited, but what we do not know is infinite.”

Ish-chel (Ishchel) in the Mesoamerican civilization was the goddess of childbirth, the rainbow and healing. Sometimes her image was correlated with a spider, weaving the finest threads of life, so Ish-chel was also considered the goddess of weaving and needlework. She communicated with people with the help of eagles, which flew into villages and brought news from her. According to Mayan beliefs, this divine being was associated with nature itself and was responsible for biological cycles. The mother goddess Ish-chel and her husband, being the first gods, once gave birth to this entire world. The Mayans believed that every year from mid-August the mother goddess retired to give birth to the new year. Difficult childbirth lasts a very long time, it ends on the day of the autumn equinox. Like all the ancient gods, Ish-chel was very capricious, sometimes even cruel. People believed that she should not be angry, otherwise in anger she could send a hurricane and flood. The goddess was depicted as a seated woman with a rabbit in her arms. Later, the Mayans began to imagine her as a terrible old woman with snakes instead of hair, with eyes like a jaguar, and instead of hands she had claws. In images that have survived to the present day, Ish-chel holds a shuttle, and the strap of a loom surrounds her. Sometimes she holds a flask in her hand, upside down: according to legend, this is the only way the water of life can saturate the earth. Sometimes a baby’s cradle is placed in the other hand as a symbol of childbirth. December 8th is the day of Ish-chel. In South America, on this day the goddess is glorified by performing various rituals. Specially trained people bless boats and fields. Suffering and disease-stricken people organize pilgrimages to the sanctuaries of the goddess. On this day, pregnant women turn to her to ensure a safe birth. During the Mayan era, priests sacrificed the most beautiful girls to Ish-chel. Modern people remember the great goddess with the goal of returning to their roots.

According to the folk calendar, December 8 (November 25, old style) is the day of Klim Kholodny. This day is named in honor of the holy martyr Clement I, the former Pope of Rome. His life began in a wealthy family in Rome, but as a child, Clement was separated from his parents during a shipwreck. Someone else's family took the boy in and gave him an excellent education. Having grown up, Clement became acquainted with the faith of Jesus Christ, went to Palestine, and was baptized there. Only then was he able to find his family. As a disciple of the Holy Apostle Peter, Clement managed to receive the rank of Bishop of Rome. A righteous life, compassion for people and constant prayers of the saint helped the followers of Clement convert to the Christian faith. But the pagans slandered the holy martyr, telling Emperor Trajan that Clement was insulting idolatry. The emperor expelled Clement from Rome to the Crimean peninsula to do hard work in the quarries of Chersonesus. There the saint found people and helped them accept Christianity. He also managed to organize the construction of a temple in the rock. Having learned about this, Emperor Trajan became angry and ordered Clement to be drowned. Winter frosts usually came on Klimentyev's day. There was so much snow that there was no need for lighting indoors. The women sat down to spin by the window, singing songs. There was a tradition of starting to grind grain for bread on an empty stomach, since it was easier to bend over for the bags. People believed in evil spirits called crackers. It was believed that on the day of Klim, cracklings flew around the surrounding area and blew into their fists, driving an icy wind from the north. They also knocked on trees, the ground and roofs. It was impossible to complain about the cold weather, as the cracklings could find out about it and cause illness. According to folk signs, on the day of Klim Kholodny, they listened to the rooster; if he crowed early, one should wait for a thaw. Warming and sleet and rain were expected if water appeared on top of the ice on the frozen river. Heavy snow on Klimov day promised rain in the summer. And large drifts of snow foreshadowed a good harvest. If a person was destined to be born on Klim, he should not go outside the house on this day, since in the evening a pack of wolves gathered around his hut. He was recommended to use rock crystal or corundum as an amulet.

On December 8, supporters of Catholicism celebrate the solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The appearance of the Immaculate Conception of Mary is a merit of the special grace of God. This mystery demonstrates the distinctive role of Virgo. The dogma is not accepted by the Orthodox and Protestant churches, and solemn services are held in Catholic churches on this day. What is the Immaculate Conception? It proves that Mary was originally saved by God from original sin, although she was conceived by ordinary parents. She was exclusively freed from sin because she was to become the Mother of the Son of God. The truth about Mary’s immaculate conception can only be accepted by a mind enlightened by faith. The Church officially declared this a dogma of faith during the era of rationalism and scientism in the mid-nineteenth century. Dogma shows the uniqueness and freedom of action of God. Although the salvation of mankind was achieved through the death and resurrection of Christ, thanks to the merits of the Savior, Mary was already redeemed and saved from original sin. In this way, God prepared her for an extraordinary task in the history of salvation. According to the Catholic faith, every person is marked by original sin. This deficiency is passed on along with the continuation of the human race. The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains that original sin is the condition with which man begins. Only baptism can free you from it. Mary was saved from the inheritance of sin; in the Bible she is called “full of grace.” The Church teaches that she is not only liberated, but also has a special closeness to God, complete trust and inner harmony. Freedom from sin and perfection do not separate Mary from people. On the contrary, her communication with every person is incomparable. She is not only a loving mother of humanity, but also understanding and compassionate. The truth and the virgin birth is a sign for all Christians, showing how great the deeds of God are. The belief about the sinless conception of the Virgin Mary has a centuries-old tradition. Theological debate on this issue has continued since the first centuries. In the fifteenth century, the first regulations on this topic appeared, but there was still no dogma. In 1617, Pope Paul IV banned public statements that contradicted the belief in the Immaculate Conception. In 1661, at the request of King Philip IV of Spain, Pope Alexander VII issued a bull in which he summarized the history of the cult of the Immaculate Conception, using words that Pius IX repeated in his dogmatic formula. Pope Clement XI established December 8 in 1708 as a holiday valid for the entire Universal Church. Ultimately, on December 8, 1854, Pope Pius IX announced the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Student's Day in Bulgaria

One of the oldest dates that Jews around the world celebrate annually is the day of Hanukkah - the Jewish holiday of eight candles. The holiday date is dedicated to historical events that occurred in ancient Jerusalem more than a hundred years BC. Israel in those days was under Greek rule, but the Jewish people were no strangers to oppression. They knew what slavery was since the time of Moses. But the new rulers encroached on the most sacred thing for every Jew, his faith. The highly cultured Greeks believed that they were doing good by spreading their religion in other countries. Thousands of Jewish traditions were banned, and Judaism was eradicated in various ways. Even the famous Jerusalem temple was turned into the abode of pagan deities, offending the feelings of believers. The Israelites could no longer tolerate such sacrilege. Peaceful, God-fearing people decided to repel the enemies of their faith, and a popular insurgency gradually took shape. Carrying out constant attacks on enemies, Israeli spontaneous detachments slowly but surely won victory after victory. The faith of their ancestors gave them strength, pagan idols were overthrown, and the temple of Jerusalem was recaptured. When the winners entered the temple, they were struck by the degree of desecration of the shrine. Only the life-giving fire of candles cooked in special oil could cleanse the temple space. Oil was found, but very little. This little amount should only be enough for a day. And yet the believers lit the fire, trusting in the mercy of God. And the miracle happened, the fire burned without ceasing for eight whole days. This time was enough to prepare a new portion of oil, which means the light illuminating the walls of the temple could burn for a very long time. In memory of those ancient events, Jews around the world celebrate Hanukkah by lighting one candle for eight days. Every holiday it is necessary to read blessings, and offer sweet treats to relatives, friends and guests, among which dairy dishes occupy a special place. The periods before and after the holiday are fasting, but during Hanukkah fasting is strictly prohibited. Children especially love Hanukkah, because on these memorable days they are free from school and receive many gifts from their relatives.

Day of spiritual practices "Utpanna Ekadashi"

Day of Radio and Television Workers of Kyrgyzstan

Constitution Day of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Konstitutsiya kuni)

Day of Jean Sibelius and Finnish Music in Finland (Finlandska musikens dag)

Mother's Day in Panama (Dia de la Madre)

Buddha's Enlightenment Day, Bodhi Day in Japan

Orthodox holidays on December 8:

Celebration of the Feast of the Entry into the Temple of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Memorial Day of the Hieromartyr Peter, Archbishop of Alexandria

Memorial Day of the Hieromartyr Clement of Rome