The central square of the city was filled with hundreds of sheets with color photographs and names of people. Above each photo there is a headline in large font: “Missing”, “Victim of Disappearance”, “Disappeared under Violent Circumstances”. Similar actions are organized by local authorities and relatives of the disappeared in many countries around the world on August 30th. This date was named by the UN as the International Day of Enforced Disappearances. The culmination of the tragedy of mass disappearances of people occurred in the 70-90s of the last century. Basically, the actions took place against the backdrop of dictatorial regimes in Latin American states. Tens of thousands of undesirables were subjected to official arrests, and then were never seen among the living or the dead. At the same time, lawyers and relatives who wanted to know the fate of a loved one were intimidated. Events took place both during military coups and conflicts, and in relatively calm peacetime. The lawlessness of dictators and authorities remained unpunished. But the criminal actions of the state elite were still condemned. As a countermeasure, protests and normative documents condemning the phenomenon of involuntary disappearance followed: - the UN declaration of 1992; - the Inter-American Convention of Latin America of 1994; - the resolution of the UN General Assembly of 2010, where the date of the penultimate day of summer was announced. The international community opposes these lawless actions, noting that they are not compatible with civilized social norms. But, unfortunately, the phenomenon of forced disappearances is still relevant today; experts talk about 53 thousand cases per year. Even more regrettable is the fact of such illegal actions on the territory of the former CIS countries. Famous personalities, journalists, and media workers are disappearing, posing a threat to high-ranking officials with their love of truth and desire to convey the truth. Often the disappearance of unwanted individuals is justified by state or political interests, forgetting about human rights to personal freedom and security. The UN reminds that only joint activities can resist negative processes and lead to success.

Constitution Day of the Republic of Kazakhstan

On August 30, residents of Tatarstan celebrate the “birthday” of the republic, which coincides with the adoption of the declaration of its state sovereignty. The Supreme Council of Tatarstan approved this document on the penultimate summer day of 1990, and a year later the date became a holiday. Citizens actively celebrate the day of the formation of their native republic, which, moreover, is a day off. Everywhere, in cities, villages, and especially in the capital, Kazan, which also celebrates City Day, mass events are taking place. This holiday is honored and loved not only by the indigenous population, but also by residents of other nationalities, as well as numerous guests. The list of entertainment events is traditionally very comprehensive: thematic exhibitions, promotions, sports competitions, creative competitions and festivals, folk fairs, concerts of local and touring artists, and the finale of the celebrations - a large-scale fireworks display. The organizers try to combine national traditions and modern cultural trends in the program of events. On this holiday, gourmets can enjoy the masterpieces of national Tatar cuisine. As you know, local cuisine is very diverse and catering establishments prepare plenty of original Tatar dishes for the holiday. Tatarstan is an integral part of the Russian Federation and is one of its largest regions, which has enormous economic potential. In the socio-political and cultural environment, two identical names are used: Tatarstan or the Republic of Tatarstan. Geographically, it neighbors several regions of the Russian Federation - Kirov, Orenburg, as well as Samara, Ulyanovsk, and the republics - Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, Mari El and Udmurtia. The first settlements of Turkic-speaking tribes on the territory belonging to Tatarstan arose in the 8th century, coinciding in time with the formation of Rus'. Then Volga Bulgaria was created. Then the Kazan Khanate was formed, which in the middle of the 16th century became part of the Moscow state as the Kazan kingdom, and later became the province of the same name. The Tatar ASSR, as part of the RSFSR, was created in 1920. As you know, it was here that the legendary designer Korolev created the world famous “Katyusha”. Many industrial enterprises evacuated to Tatarstan during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War remained here after the Victory. The middle of the last century gave rise to the rapid development of two strategic industries - the automotive industry and oil production. Today's Tatarstan is a highly developed region of the Russian Federation, which makes a huge contribution to the overall well-being of the country and strengthening its position in the world political arena.

There are fun holidays that revolve around alcoholic beverages throughout the year. January 31 is Russian Vodka Day, February 18 is International Wine Day, and May 16 is Whiskey Day. At the end of summer, on August 30, the Festival of Zubrovka is celebrated - a 40-proof alcoholic drink made from a plant of the cereal family. The bitter and aromatic herbal tincture is particularly popular among residents of Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. The fragrant bison (glacial bison) is the favorite food of the bison that live in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. In honor of the animals of the bison genus, the grass Hierochloe odorata received its second name. Zubrowka, which some alcohol connoisseurs consider a worthy alternative to absinthe, has been produced in Poland and Belarus for more than 500 years. In Lithuania it is called "Stumbrinė", in the USA - "Bison Vodka" (translated from English - bison vodka). Despite the fact that few ingredients are required to prepare the tincture, its taste surpasses even well-refined moonshine. The alkaloids dynaxin and coumarin give the drink a special piquancy. Zubrovka is known not only for its intoxicating properties, but also for its medicinal effect. Taking the drink in therapeutic doses helps improve appetite, relieve fever and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Lotions from the tincture accelerate wound healing and treat fungal skin diseases. Connoisseurs of zubrowka know that the Polish “Żubrówka Zlota” has nothing in common with the classic version. Under this name, the Polish corporation CEDC produces a drink that is somewhat reminiscent of homemade cognac. The Polish product does not contain bison stems, but it contains oak bark, galangal root, cinquefoil and other plants. Coumarin, which is part of the root and stem of the plant, has been considered a hazardous ingredient in the United States since 1978. Although it is this that gives the drink its healing properties, slight bitterness and greenish color. But in the USA they drink “Żubrówka Zlota”, which, to give Americans the impression of the authenticity of the drink, is produced by CEDC with a plastic blade of grass in the bottle. In Russia, industrial production of tinctures began in the 19th century. The classic recipe for making an alcoholic drink is simple. For a ton of vodka, take 2 kg of fragrant herb, therefore, for 1 liter of purified moonshine or 45-proof alcohol - a tablespoon of chopped bison, 1-2 tsp. Sahara. The drink is infused in a dark place for 2 weeks and after filtering through cheesecloth it becomes ready for drinking. Zubrovka was the favorite drink of the USSR Secretary General L.I. Brezhnev. The head of state's security chief should always have a cold bottle of the drink in stock. Zubrovka was mentioned in the novel “12 Chairs” by Ilf and Petrov. Zhenechka Erofeev spoke about it as one of the varieties of bitters popular among Soviet citizens in his famous poem “Moscow-Petushki”. Three countries - Poland, Lithuania and Belarus - compete for the right to be called the birthplace of this famous drink. However, the presence of a dispute does not prevent all connoisseurs of the yellow-light green drink with the smell of freshly cut grass from celebrating the Bison Festival on August 30.

The vacuum cleaner has long ago become an integral part of household appliances. Almost all housewives cannot imagine the process of home cleaning without this miracle unit. And we must thank Hubert Booth for the creation of the cleaning machine, who on August 30, 1901 patented the world's first technology for sucking up dust and dirt - an electric vacuum cleaner. On the same day, he registered a furniture and carpet cleaning company - British Vacuum Cleaner Company. Some of Booth's first clients were the Queen herself and members of the British Admiralty. An interesting fact is that the first vacuum cleaner was transported on a horse-drawn carriage, and cleaning took place through the window frame using a long hose. Before, the room had to be cleaned with a broom, and the carpets were taken outside and knocked out using a special device. Despite its bulkiness and noise generated during operation, the vacuum cleaner quickly gained popularity among the upper classes of the population, only they could afford to purchase this equipment. With the advent of new technology, living conditions in terms of sanitation have significantly improved. In 1903, wealthy people organized evenings in honor of the miracle unit. It was considered good manners for staff to vacuum the floor in the presence of guests. There are no large-scale celebrations on this day, but every owner of an electronic device has an extraordinary reason to have fun. On this day, we propose to organize an original party in the “Freken Bock” style, hold a fascinating lecture on the evolution of the device, or organize an exhibition. As an option, you can arrange a day of general cleaning in the apartment and properly test all the capabilities of this equipment. But if you are an avid fighter for cleanliness and use a vacuum cleaner for every little reason, then the day has come to give it a well-deserved rest. In one case or another, the choice is yours. The birthday of an electric vacuum cleaner is an excellent occasion for organizing all kinds of promotions in retail chains selling household appliances or directly at factories that produce this unit. This holiday does not have the status of an international event, and not many people know about it. Sometimes in the media there are references to the creator of man’s most useful household assistant, which is a kind of popularization of this event. 1. The invention of the electric vacuum cleaner was the first harbinger of the end of the plague epidemic. 2. More than 800 million electric vacuum cleaners are sold worldwide every year. 3. Thanks to innovation, a modern vacuum cleaner is endowed with not only the functions of collecting dust and dirt, it can clean, remove moisture from surfaces, humidify and filter the air, and even scent it. 4. Vacuum units have the highest power level and are typically used in manufacturing. 5. In 2002, humanity first met a robot vacuum cleaner. At that time it was a breakthrough, but today it has become commonplace. 6. Some modern models of vacuum cleaners are equipped with artificial intelligence. A lot has changed since Booth's time, and the vacuum cleaner has evolved significantly. If previously this equipment was not available to many people for purchase, now the variety of models and price hierarchy allow you to choose a product taking into account the requirements and material possibilities. Let August 30th be a pleasant occasion to remember the history of the creation of an electric vacuum cleaner, and also to please yourself and your loved ones with a sudden festive dinner. Maintain cleanliness and harmony in the house, this is one of the basic rules of a happy and prosperous family.

At the end of August, a funny holiday is celebrated - the birthday of the compact cassette. This medium of sound information has replaced vinyl records and films on reels. Cassette recorders became an alternative to bulky gramophones and players that could not be taken on the road. The first cassette tape released by Philips was presented in 1963 at an industrial exhibition in Berlin. The audio carrier was distinguished by its affordable price and ease of use. The presentation date of the new product, August 30, is considered the birthday of the compact cassette. For ease of use compared to huge reels, music lovers paid for a decrease in sound quality. The rotation speed of the cassette is 4.76 cm per minute, which is 2 times slower than that of the reel. The width of the magnetic and later chrome dioxide tape was 3.8 mm. For the reel, this parameter was 6.35 mm. The wider the tape and the higher the rotation speed, the better the sound transmission. According to these characteristics, the compact cassette was inferior to its “bigger brother”. However, the strict standard of the product (tape speed and number of tracks) guaranteed playback of the recording on tape recorders of any company. Some models had a REC button marked with a red circle. Such tape recorders gave the user the opportunity to make an audio recording onto a magnetic cassette tape themselves. The emergence of a clear carrier of sound information provoked a boom in the market for the production of tape recorders. There were 3 types of devices for playing cassettes - stationary, portable and audio players. A real breakthrough in the industry was the appearance in July 1979 of the Walkman TPS-L2 stereo player from SONY. The new product was distinguished by high quality music playback, had a built-in microphone and an output for two pairs of headphones. The largest manufacturers of compact cassettes, which competed fiercely with each other, were Philips and SONY. BASF, Agfa, Maxell-Hitachi and TDK did not lag behind them in terms of sales volumes. The duration of most audio cassettes was an hour and a half, much less often - 100, 110 and 120 minutes. This was due to the fact that the length of music albums in the 70s averaged 40 minutes. Later, 2-hour media will appear on the market. In the USSR, domestically produced compact cassettes appeared in 1967. They were produced by the Kharkov Radio Plant under the Proton brand. The first foreign cassettes became available to ordinary Soviet citizens after the 1980 Olympics. Domestic and foreign products were often used to record performances of bards and rock bands, which were held illegally in apartment buildings. The cassettes were used to play recordings of the speeches of Iran's political leaders on the eve of the 1979 revolution, and the sermons of the missionaries who served in India. In the early 90s of the twentieth century, the first compact discs appeared. They have become an inexpensive, convenient and functional alternative to cassettes. Music lovers were able to download music from the Internet and listen to them on MP3 players. This provoked a decline in sales and the ruin of some audio cassette manufacturers. However, the memory of them is still alive, despite the popularity of digital technologies. Therefore, on August 30, music lovers of the old school celebrate the birthday of the compact cassette.

The “walking” spring “Slinky” is one of the most recognizable toys all over the world; it can easily be attributed to the symbols of the twentieth century. Moreover, the Discovery Channel truly recognized it as one of the iconic toys of the 20th century. Almost every child of several past generations had such a spring, not only in the USA, but also in Germany, France, Russia, Turkey and a number of other countries. Slinky even has its own holiday - Slinky Day, which is celebrated annually on August 30th. Not every toy receives such recognition. Russian children know the walking spring under the names “rainbow”, “rainbow spring”, “spiral”, “ondamania”. Let's look at the history of its appearance and success. Slinky was created in the USA in difficult post-war times - in 1945. It owes its existence to Navy mechanical engineer Richard James. One day, in 1943, he conducted an experiment related to the tension of springs. One of the springs at the man's disposal accidentally fell to the floor and tumbled several times from one end to the other. It looked like a spring was walking, which Richard thought was funny. Therefore, he decided to demonstrate this trick to his wife Betty. The couple came to the conclusion that such a simple detail could make a real toy. Of course, then they had no idea how popular this invention would become. The funny little thing needed a name and Betty found it in one of the dictionaries. The Swedish word Slinky, which means sinuous or mysterious, seemed most suitable to the couple. The toy became famous under this name. The first batch of Slinkys was released in the fall of 1945. To make this possible, Richard had to take out a loan. The presentation was timed to coincide with the Christmas celebration. The first attempts to sell walking springs through small toy stores were unsuccessful. But they met unexpected success with the public in a large supermarket in Philadelphia. Richard James himself demonstrated the batch of toys to customers, and they sold out in just an hour and a half. Since that presentation to this day, more than 250 million Slinkys have been sold worldwide. Initially, they were produced in a black and blue color that was not very attractive to children, which was due to the characteristics of the manufacturing material. Subsequently, they began to be produced from a lighter metal, and later in various bright shades and rainbow colors. Children used these springs to walk up the stairs, wore them on their wrists as bracelets, and jumped over them as if they were jumping ropes. Richard James left the service in 1946 and, together with his wife, opened a factory for the production of springs. This business provided enormous financial success to the family. The factory produced both the classic Slinky and other toys based on them. Walking springs are still produced exclusively in the United States and in the very factory that the James couple organized. They have remained virtually unchanged, only slightly adjusted in accordance with modern safety standards. Children from different countries still run Slinky today. And adults use them as a tool for relieving stress and developing coordination, a pencil holder, and a tool for demonstrating physical phenomena. The funny little thing even found application in space experiments to study zero gravity. The toy has become a true American classic and can be seen in a number of famous films. She is also immortalized on a collectible postage stamp issued in 1999.

International Whale Shark Day

Venice Film Festival (Mostra del Cinema di Venezia)

Raksha Bandhan in India

Day of the Archivist of Kyrgyzstan

August 30th in the folk calendar marks the day of Myron the Carminative. Sometimes it is called Mironov's day or Widow's help. On August 30, Christians remember the wonderworker Myron. The man had a kind and generous disposition. According to legend, one day when he came to his threshing floor, he saw people stealing grain from him. Contrary to their expectations, Myron did not call anyone for help, but helped them lift the sacks of grain onto their backs. In addition, he strictly forbade telling anyone about this. Having learned that this strange man was the owner of the grain, the thieves repented and from then on lived righteously. Myron was a farmer; he gave a significant part of his harvest to the needy. However, the more he gave, the more harvest he had. This miracle surprised everyone and filled them with great respect for the generous Myron. People, struck by Myron's piety, persuaded him to become a presbyter. During times of persecution of Christians, he supported his flock, assuring that other times would soon come. And so it happened. After the death of the ruler Diocletian, who organized persecution, Myron was appointed bishop. One day Myron managed to stop the flow of a raging river during a flood. After the elements calmed down, he resumed the flow with the help of his staff. The bishop lived for about a century, dying in 350. He devoted his entire life to fulfilling the commandments of God. The people expected strong winds and whirlwinds that day. The wind, according to legend, had a connection with evil spirits. Guys who wanted to make a girl fall in love with him addressed him with special words. Those who wanted their cherished dream to come true spoke it to the wind. If he changed direction, then the wish was destined to come true. Also on Mironov's day, amulets against all troubles and misfortunes were read. By Miron, the peasants were already finishing their field work, expecting the autumn thaw. On August 30, it was customary to go to the forest for a healthy berry - blackberries. In addition to the berries, blackberry leaves were also collected, which were brewed and drunk to treat colds. Sometimes Mironov’s day is called Widow’s Help, because honest people on this day came to the aid of widows, orphans and the disadvantaged. Usually people brought gifts to the owners of the farmstead: fabric, flour, seasonal vegetables and berries. Women helped prepare the home for winter and made preparations. The men helped in the garden and in the yard, repairing equipment. The joint work ended with a common dinner, which was also prepared by sharing. On Mironov’s day it was impossible to quarrel with loved ones and bother yourself with routine work. It was also prohibited to lift any things from intersections. There was a belief that a stray wind could bring damage to them.

Victory Day in Turkey (Zafer Bayrami)

Orthodox holidays on August 30:

Feast of the Icon of the Mother of God of Armatiysk

Memorial Day of the Hieromartyr Myron of Kizicheskiy

Memorial Day of St. Pimen of Ugreshsky